tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-304183632024-03-12T20:06:16.321-07:00SYNTHAISSANCE CRYOBENTHICSA new paradigm for being a conscious being here and now on beautiful Planet Earth. A cross between "synthesis", "renaissance", "cryogenics" and "benthic"..."a flowering of creativity that's extremely cool and very deep." And the name of a yahoo e-group I started in 2002, now with around 1800 members, mostly friends of mine. Cheers JeffJeff Weffersonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16055962946869392042noreply@blogger.comBlogger200125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-30418363.post-23207491384172867642022-11-05T20:44:00.005-07:002022-11-05T20:46:10.909-07:00RAINBOW SERPENT WATER-HOLE WITTENOOM GORGE WESTERN AUSTRALIA: 'RADIO-TELESCOPE OF THE DREAM-TIME'<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><p style="text-align: left;"><br /></p></blockquote><p style="text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvhwWnz8lGyEz-oRvHByySYti6Ouu-dLrC62llcDlXG8r9TVsVEAHiAbxCj65VLCRLfCmCVy1pp1UxRcriJ3esb_9RwmxCY5E_tvvtn7URtAphb3FRU6CLcQ5gAhx1nJF_SLrWPPfOy2A6f6NRF6K80jrAt2rcxVV3isdiK9BQuZidoHy6cQ/s2560/20221104_133814.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1440" data-original-width="2560" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvhwWnz8lGyEz-oRvHByySYti6Ouu-dLrC62llcDlXG8r9TVsVEAHiAbxCj65VLCRLfCmCVy1pp1UxRcriJ3esb_9RwmxCY5E_tvvtn7URtAphb3FRU6CLcQ5gAhx1nJF_SLrWPPfOy2A6f6NRF6K80jrAt2rcxVV3isdiK9BQuZidoHy6cQ/w400-h225/20221104_133814.jpg" width="400" /></a><span style="text-align: left;"> </span></p><p style="text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJXgeMiRrnC3FZWq40p4PFXQIWa-QEjwflZbWyAT_P4q__pqI7aqLaw0TtxU9VkmUsZytKBxu8otALfhdJeXBY-SOGrYAcCJ2URFnvZ58C96cv9bvwYw2grI2uLx5qLZWFoaL5yHRelUaVDOWTOKWwhKD9eneqszRLIVJ-XNRtN2DW-9GDiQ/s2560/20221104_134254.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; 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text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwx6GTUPHEJ3-PZMboZQY3sQyXvyV5vpIJnrD4hv9cFpDsJ4pmvhTfS7PDrH6F33tIYUA0oxNqpOuKrrNuRmVSfxMW51uEWXwSQlCLFYDFo1QlggmPLr9epDgeR_96oqtBNbDGXYxD9UCD6XTFsxwLAHDExxVJdXlJfNY9vsJIZEV4BsbyLg/s2560/20221104_155645.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1440" data-original-width="2560" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwx6GTUPHEJ3-PZMboZQY3sQyXvyV5vpIJnrD4hv9cFpDsJ4pmvhTfS7PDrH6F33tIYUA0oxNqpOuKrrNuRmVSfxMW51uEWXwSQlCLFYDFo1QlggmPLr9epDgeR_96oqtBNbDGXYxD9UCD6XTFsxwLAHDExxVJdXlJfNY9vsJIZEV4BsbyLg/w400-h225/20221104_155645.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUpstfE6dQLkZDJJ_bpUp8pah3aKR9yQJOPLvnGmFfEd7B6U1uPksPn7k-OtEqaYSxniz6amIYUai9lvW5fJinBPfes6rc7Tm7aw3k1C4d6_mWdXYVQQfcpRkXMQSDKYQwD-5Uw9wIPIeHBnSg38YKRAqIM9l5NrOcMC0exDyIVEVVvdSJ_Q/s4000/20221104_160913.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2250" data-original-width="4000" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUpstfE6dQLkZDJJ_bpUp8pah3aKR9yQJOPLvnGmFfEd7B6U1uPksPn7k-OtEqaYSxniz6amIYUai9lvW5fJinBPfes6rc7Tm7aw3k1C4d6_mWdXYVQQfcpRkXMQSDKYQwD-5Uw9wIPIeHBnSg38YKRAqIM9l5NrOcMC0exDyIVEVVvdSJ_Q/w400-h225/20221104_160913.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><p></p><div dir="ltr"><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Possibly the most enchanted place I have ever visited...according to
rock-art researcher <b>Robert Bednarik,</b> these water-holes are the most
powerful places in all of the Pilbara, which he also reckons is the most
powerful place on the entire planet in terms of Earth, cosmic and
spiritual energies...I could feel it and still do...absolutely
extraordinary...the calmness and beauty and subtlety of the water
energies...BIG STORY :)</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">One of the most extraordinarily magical places I have ever been invited
to. I spent almost an hour in the water and could hardly bring myself to
get out. I burned my hands and feet walking on the rocks and collecting
a few to paint on...with permission of Rainbow Serpent. I left a nice
rock for him/her in a rock crevice on the far side of the overhang.
Robert Bednarik suggested I come here, and several indigenous folks from
this area gave me more specific information on how to find it and what
to say upon arrival. I played my flute a lot and could hardly believe
we'd been there 4 hours when it came time to go. We might go back on
Tuesday night for full moon. Such an astronomically powerful blessing. I
am working on a major blog post <i>'Who is the Rainbow Serpent?'</i></span></div></div></blockquote>Jeff Weffersonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16055962946869392042noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-30418363.post-67212437211442365432022-08-06T20:44:00.022-07:002022-09-30T18:10:44.075-07:00HOTEL KUNUNURRA<p style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="font-family: verdana;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjD-rrNTEF_ejmEaYOvjz8iG7WbNWPFkUOK8I0lwJedukJ-JOBJ9ttbJInmqsPk6ywKoD62q49qlRZSa8qo_ZaqbZx985TOOUIdQcKazzvIdJUYUx9swhdV3YFHTMUW2jBUZ3TcDNLjK1vTN9eowJb0NGO0jnE8tQUhUlZMmK9lfnxqZybJsQ/s654/bin%20blubber%2020220712_183133_62%20(1).gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="368" data-original-width="654" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjD-rrNTEF_ejmEaYOvjz8iG7WbNWPFkUOK8I0lwJedukJ-JOBJ9ttbJInmqsPk6ywKoD62q49qlRZSa8qo_ZaqbZx985TOOUIdQcKazzvIdJUYUx9swhdV3YFHTMUW2jBUZ3TcDNLjK1vTN9eowJb0NGO0jnE8tQUhUlZMmK9lfnxqZybJsQ/w400-h225/bin%20blubber%2020220712_183133_62%20(1).gif" width="400" /></a></div><i><br /></i></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="font-family: verdana;"><i>OSAMA BIN BLUBBER</i>: 34DD</b></div><p style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: x-small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7B5m15W8WcgyhQUxC1HkNgiYanwajqWD7GwkAiMtKCCe0FmMngddke9b3TITWndqtBTzpfSnKra8IxMeFRKiLRoTq_QwQ_AfWAF-tTDlM7_h4sz-IxB1JVIrUUyMQ5_mq6VNmSzYvQtbj_rlFO1NjMHRYTZO2_cmLb3lnpw99wj_yQUABcA/s2560/20220804_141738.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1440" data-original-width="2560" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7B5m15W8WcgyhQUxC1HkNgiYanwajqWD7GwkAiMtKCCe0FmMngddke9b3TITWndqtBTzpfSnKra8IxMeFRKiLRoTq_QwQ_AfWAF-tTDlM7_h4sz-IxB1JVIrUUyMQ5_mq6VNmSzYvQtbj_rlFO1NjMHRYTZO2_cmLb3lnpw99wj_yQUABcA/w400-h225/20220804_141738.jpg" width="400" /></a> </span></b></p><p style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: x-small;">KITCHEN PROVERBS <i>(CRETINS CAN'T READ)</i></span></b></p><p style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfgfEXU1_eXYOKD4nii_IhtsktJqGEOzQIXONycBt4v8RST9bAOB3E5b4GDcTrFV6E42HlvwNTtEgUROG65CKp8Q1hqNxwASLDZTojCtqjzkhnJT3tXuZBKHOEf6RXycO0_Cp9a5mdar12Ib2-BVpQXM46cgX2rzguvPZjDjyaGENB1l15gA/s4000/20220724_230036.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><b><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: x-small;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2250" data-original-width="4000" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfgfEXU1_eXYOKD4nii_IhtsktJqGEOzQIXONycBt4v8RST9bAOB3E5b4GDcTrFV6E42HlvwNTtEgUROG65CKp8Q1hqNxwASLDZTojCtqjzkhnJT3tXuZBKHOEf6RXycO0_Cp9a5mdar12Ib2-BVpQXM46cgX2rzguvPZjDjyaGENB1l15gA/w400-h225/20220724_230036.jpg" width="400" /></span></b></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: x-small;"><i>PYGMIS DEMENTIS SNOROPITHECUS</i></span></b></div><b><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></b><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-fJhk-YFzdOFADiq8Rs0eV4DyLM6Vt5p6YCKXhlOqqbuvoXdY2rBKFhg6put7GsMYOaVZp6cJKfHUbRJdmWrjiUA7czRUk5wSQUHDDIrcnLj9rbgGWJZlIw3mSSZa3ItIeZw5ls1nNnlatMfiJkd4oe_ZJV5TH0OjNwFTCxqmNY0S71MZYw/s4000/20220713_180538.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><b><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: x-small;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4000" data-original-width="2250" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-fJhk-YFzdOFADiq8Rs0eV4DyLM6Vt5p6YCKXhlOqqbuvoXdY2rBKFhg6put7GsMYOaVZp6cJKfHUbRJdmWrjiUA7czRUk5wSQUHDDIrcnLj9rbgGWJZlIw3mSSZa3ItIeZw5ls1nNnlatMfiJkd4oe_ZJV5TH0OjNwFTCxqmNY0S71MZYw/w360-h640/20220713_180538.jpg" width="360" /></span></b></a></div><p style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: x-small;">UNDERWEAR OF <i>OSAMA BIN BLUBBER</i></span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcp7cnq8Z0qlNc_KCmBhC4QX2WFGx4CBxkbaXh90_lIA59ArMW_os59ze7qGEULCRAvn_r46CyTDExRuZpssjnDtBtwza8H8UTkLXuKmkfOtkQpp3PF1EdJZHyqppKbxLalhFNw6gzYcGUZCsqnbgAowErl4FecIOMSj6y_AGidQfzeF1ueg/s4000/20220713_134341.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><b><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4000" data-original-width="2250" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcp7cnq8Z0qlNc_KCmBhC4QX2WFGx4CBxkbaXh90_lIA59ArMW_os59ze7qGEULCRAvn_r46CyTDExRuZpssjnDtBtwza8H8UTkLXuKmkfOtkQpp3PF1EdJZHyqppKbxLalhFNw6gzYcGUZCsqnbgAowErl4FecIOMSj6y_AGidQfzeF1ueg/w360-h640/20220713_134341.jpg" width="360" /></span></b></a></div><p style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: x-small;">CHARRED MEAT-GREASE: <i>THE DAILY FEAST</i></span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">WELCOME TO THE <i>HOTEL KUNUNURRA</i></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><p class="p1" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">On a dark desert highway,</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Cool wind up my bum.</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Warm smell of ears boiling,</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">I really didn't want some.</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 19px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Up ahead in the distance</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">I heard some shrieking and screams</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">My head grew heavy and my sight grew dim</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">I knew I'd have some bad dreams…</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 19px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">There they stood in the door-way</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">A sight I knew all too well...</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Straight from <i>Deros Down Under</i></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Trolls and ogres from Hell,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 19px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Then they crumpled some beer cans</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Hocked some lugeys my way.</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">There were voices down the corridor</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">I thought I heard them say</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 19px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">“Welcome to the <i>Hotel Kununurra…</i></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Such a lovely shack (such a lovely shack)</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Better watch your back…</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 19px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Plenty of room at the <i>Hotel Kununurra…</i></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">No mental health or hygiene (mental health or hygiene)</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">But it's oh so clean!”</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 19px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">When I went in the kitchen</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">I couldn't see for the flies,</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Grease running down onto the floor</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">From the charred meat pies.</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 19px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Carcasses in the warm fridge,</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Dishes piled in the sink,</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Rubbish poured from the overfull bin</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">My nose was scarred by the stink.</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 19px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">So I called up the manager</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Who was absent and late...</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">She said 'We haven't had that species here</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">here since 1968’</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 19px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">And always their grim noise blares from the parking lots</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Wakes you up in the middle of the night</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Just to see their brain clots!</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 19px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">“Welcome to the <i>Hotel Kununurra…</i></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Such a lovely pit (such a lovely pit)</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Better guard your shit.</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 19px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Livin' it up at the <i>Hotel Kununurra…</i></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Oh so very nice (oh so very nice)</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">If you like spoiled rice!”</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 19px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Surveillance cams on the ceiling,</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Recording kuru guffaws.</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">And they said ‘No longer cannibals here,</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">we mainly like ears and paws...'</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 19px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">And in the tellie view room</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">They scrambled for the remote,</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Knives to hack up their long dead pig…</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Or was it maybe a goat?</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 19px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">First thing in the morning</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">I had rung the police;</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">A pygmy troll had choked to death</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">In a pool of grease,</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 19px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">From <i>Osama bin Blubber</i></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Who got splattered like lard.</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">My work here now was almost done:</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">To wipe the ass of retards.</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 19px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">“Welcome to the <i>Hotel Kununurra</i></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Such a lovely shack (such a lovely shack)</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Better watch your back…</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 19px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Plenty of room at the <i>Hotel Kununurra</i></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">No mental health or hygiene (mental health or hygiene)</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">But it's oh so clean!”</p></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><p></p>Jeff Weffersonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16055962946869392042noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-30418363.post-90003936962871621112022-01-10T20:03:00.010-08:002022-09-14T06:11:27.694-07:00THE JABBER-VAXY/MAD VAX..."GET ONE SO YOU CAN RELAX..."<div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiSm38ZJEwIIqUs2EE46QgEEXa8oqt3otvIjZTUtBPz2Lw1m6rC8JcD6YrW_PRHDRRfG11z6hEFeIrBgU4YyWCh9qqN04t-ECr9C1Qvv-jPn_T6njgjkaBOp38laFZsXvDRGbt9Uq-mqAApaalQ4-ZSK0QKUhscF-Ui1uoPGFC002hWz3WSDA=s1000" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0px; text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="563" data-original-width="1000" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiSm38ZJEwIIqUs2EE46QgEEXa8oqt3otvIjZTUtBPz2Lw1m6rC8JcD6YrW_PRHDRRfG11z6hEFeIrBgU4YyWCh9qqN04t-ECr9C1Qvv-jPn_T6njgjkaBOp38laFZsXvDRGbt9Uq-mqAApaalQ4-ZSK0QKUhscF-Ui1uoPGFC002hWz3WSDA=w400-h225" width="400" /></a><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjSVrI0JGxJHfsGbD9R65-e-ZV9c4NfabEvPNEjA4EdyyIv-JLvihwdRrJxYcDgxVrGvLEjLdKCXN7TSF4zsT91aI-_fftWpZqXSBx3hEEM11zcv_bR2xjN_cUKEoAJ9DTVgeABCgUBvb2jORbczfLpUacLVbYhV5tNM1VaV79K8NsCKocsiQ=s1025" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="792" data-original-width="1025" height="309" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjSVrI0JGxJHfsGbD9R65-e-ZV9c4NfabEvPNEjA4EdyyIv-JLvihwdRrJxYcDgxVrGvLEjLdKCXN7TSF4zsT91aI-_fftWpZqXSBx3hEEM11zcv_bR2xjN_cUKEoAJ9DTVgeABCgUBvb2jORbczfLpUacLVbYhV5tNM1VaV79K8NsCKocsiQ=w400-h309" width="400" /></a></div><a href="http://synthaissance.blogspot.com/2021/02/the-cootie-from-andromedathe-continuing.html" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0px; text-align: center;" target="_blank"><p class="p4" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white;"><br />Twas Covid…sheeple CNN’d…</span></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white;">Did quake and tremble in the fright.</span></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white;">Sir Veillance o’er all Wuhan ruled</span></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white;">With 5G satellite.</span></p><p class="p3" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 17px;"><span style="color: white;"><br /></span></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white;">Demics from the lairs of Pan,</span></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white;">A global virus mean,</span></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white;">How do I know? Bill Gates said so,</span></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white;">He’s got a fine vaccine!</span></p><p class="p3" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 17px;"><span style="color: white;"><br /></span></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white;">“And if you feel unwell” he said,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white;">“Trust me, I’m not insane…</span></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white;">We’ve got a nano-ID chip<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white;">To shoot into your vein.</span></p><p class="p3" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 17px;"><span style="color: white;"><br /></span></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white;">You’ll soon be feeling better</span></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white;">For it’s all tried and true:</span></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white;">There’s no rehab for our vaxy jab,</span></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white;">It’s non-adhesive glue.</span></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white;"><br /></span></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white;">I'm going to New Zealand soon,</span></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white;">To meet Ardern's admin,</span></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white;">Our new agendas to roll out</span></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white;">And vax-contracts to win.</span></p><p class="p3" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 17px;"><span style="color: white;"><br /></span></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white;">If you should see a cootie,</span></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white;">Appearing to be lost,</span></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white;">We’d like to share our vax with him,</span></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white;">We MUST, at any cost.”</span></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white;"><br /></span></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white;"><b>THE COOTIE FROM ANDROMEDA</b></span></p><p class="p4" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white; font-family: Verdana;"><b>http://synthaissance.blogspot.com/2021/02/the-cootie-from-andromedathe-continuing.html</b></span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 24px;"><span style="color: black;"><br /></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white; font-size: large;"><b>MAD VAX</b></span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 24px;"><span style="color: white;"><br /></span></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white;"><i>Mad Vax…Mad Vax..Get one so you can relax.</i></span></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white;"><i>Mad Vax…Mad Vax…paid for by your income tax!</i></span></p><p class="p3" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 17px;"><span style="color: white;"><i><br /></i></span></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white;"><i>Mad Vax…Mad Vax…get one so you can stay well!</i></span></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white;"><i>Mad Vax…Mad Vax…it’s painless and it probably won’t swell!</i></span></p><p class="p3" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 17px;"><span style="color: white;"><br /></span></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white;">Now Gates, WHO and Fauci will all crack a smile</span></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white;">Every time you cop a big dose from their vial.</span></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white;">Get yours today so you can go shop,</span></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white;">Next week another and hope you don’t drop!</span></p><p class="p3" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 17px;"><span style="color: white;"><br /></span></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white;">Get a free lolly if you get jabbed today,</span></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white;">A Big Mac and donuts…have it YOUR way!</span></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white;">Concert tickets and a night on the town…</span></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white;">Party with Vax the Inocular Clown!</span></p><p class="p3" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 17px;"><span style="color: white;"><br /></span></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white;">He’s quite the celeb, in demand everywhere,</span></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white;">Every clinic and chemist, you’ll find him right there.</span></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white;">If you’re feeling unwell and at home alone,</span></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white;">Don’t worry, he’ll jab you with Raytheon drone!</span></p><p class="p3" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 17px;"><span style="color: white;"><br /></span></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white;">Now Mad Vax Hoover sold the vacuum cleaner</span></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white;">Til he hit the needle and became a lot meaner.</span></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white;">He went straight to work for bio-med and Big Pharma,</span></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white;">So the New World Order could determine his karma!</span></p><p class="p3" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 17px;"><span style="color: white;"><br /></span></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white;">Get jabbed now so you can go to work,</span></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white;">Don’t be a denier, an unvaxxed jerk who’s</span></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white;">Risking the wellness of your fellow human –<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white;">Who cares if you’re unsick, just get the prick, man!</span></p><p class="p3" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 17px;"><span style="color: white;"><br /></span></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white;">Don’t ask us what’s in it cause you don’t want to know,</span></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white;">But if you want two heads and skin that can glow</span></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white;">Shiny green like a fungus and maybe some cancer,</span></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white;">And scales like a reptile, then our jab’s the answer!</span></p><p class="p3" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 17px;"><span style="color: white;"><br /></span></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white;">If you want to look good, feel good and be right</span></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white;">Our updates and down-loads are your app tonight!</span></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white;">Neura-link implants are part of the plan,</span></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white;">And some uncooked bats from jolly Wuhan!</span></p><p class="p3" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 17px;"><span style="color: white;"><br /></span></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white;">If you want internet straight to your brain,</span></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white;">Our 5G connection will help you entrain</span></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white;">To all of the latest in news, weather, sport,</span></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white;">Never mind if a few of your neurons contort!</span></p><p class="p3" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 17px;"><span style="color: white;"><br /></span></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white;">Our vax jab convenience does come with a price:</span></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white;">Adverse effects are surely not nice, but</span></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white;">Heart attacks, blood clots and brain stems that swell</span></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white;">Are a small price to pay for not being unwell!</span></p><p class="p3" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 17px;"><span style="color: white;"><br /></span></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white;">Mad Mad Vax is out on the loose,</span></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white;">No vein or orifice is safe from his juice,</span></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white;">Mad Mad Vax has a cocktail for you,</span></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white;">With some secret ingredients and four kinds of glue!</span></p><p class="p3" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 17px;"><span style="color: white;"><br /></span></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white;">“Your encounter with me need not be in vein,</span></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white;">I can glute-boot your bad ass with true Franken-strain!</span></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white;">If you think THAT’S scary just wait til you see</span></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white;">A UN battalion doing jabs just for me!</span></p><p class="p3" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 17px;"><span style="color: white;"><br /></span></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white;">Now pop us a squat and lend us your cheek,</span></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white;">See you again for another next week…</span></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white;">That is, if you don’t get a palpitation,</span></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white;">A myo-cardial thrombo-vacation!”</span></p><p class="p3" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 17px;"><span style="color: white;"><br /></span></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white;">Scan your forehead with your digital ID,</span></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white;">Your vaxy-pass code is all that they’ll see!</span></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white;">Your medical history and finances, too,</span></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white;">Will be on your chip, and a smear of your poo!</span></p><p class="p3" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 17px;"><span style="color: white;"><br /></span></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white;">Don’t be fooled by anti-vaxxer deniers,</span></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white;">Like RFK Jr, the dis-info liars!</span></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white;">Like Yeadon, Malone and Tenpenny, too,</span></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white;">Kingston and Madej are fake, through and through.</span></p><p class="p3" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 17px;"><span style="color: white;"><br /></span></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white;">Pfizer, Monsanto, Astra-Zeneca, W.H.O.,</span></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white;">Moderna, Bayer, Novovax – we’re here to serve you.</span></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white;">Every new cancer patient’s worth a million to us!</span></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white;">HEIL! WEF’s Great Reset: In God we Trust!</span></p><p class="p3" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 17px;"><span style="color: white;"><br /></span></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white;"><span>We’re working real hard with our Warp Speed graphene</span><span>,</span></span></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white;">What it can and can’t do has yet to be seen…but</span></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white;">If you like kuru, and mad cow disease,</span></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white;">Our mRNA can make prions with ease!</span></p><p class="p3" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 17px;"><span style="color: white;"><br /></span></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white;">“I’m your one source of truth, it’s safe and effective!</span></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white;">All the better for me if your brain is defective!</span></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white;">As long as your vein is firm and bulging,</span></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white;">Your secrets are safe with me, no divulging!</span></p><p class="p3" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 17px;"><span style="color: white;"><br /></span></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white;">If you’re non-compliant or hesitant to jab,</span></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white;">Just head on down to your nearest vax lab;</span></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white;">They’ll provide a drip-feed, a self-medi-clinic,</span></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white;">For the asymptomatic immuno-cynic!”</span></p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 17px; text-align: start;"><span style="color: white;"><br /></span></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white;">Now the ultimate goal of the Mad Vax agenda</span></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white;">Genetic engineering: to be like Jacinda:</span></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white;">Elite’s ‘live forever’ with a trans-human face,</span></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white;">Heil Hitler and Fauci’s Master Slave Race!</span></p><p class="p3" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 17px;"><span style="color: white;"><br /></span></p><p class="p3" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 17px;"><span style="color: white;"><br /></span></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white;">JEFF PHILLIPS</span></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white;">CENTRAL DESERT NT</span></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Verdana; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: white;">JANUARY 2022</span></p></a></div>Jeff Weffersonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16055962946869392042noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-30418363.post-26786759129490916432021-04-21T14:36:00.002-07:002021-04-21T14:37:04.638-07:00"HITCH ACROSS AMERICA" Jeff Phillips (1992)<p style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-HnDLJ24AJO8/YICaPJ1fvLI/AAAAAAAAMlg/HtytkuQq0rsC7IEDOM-z7SFktkjRUNgEwCLcBGAsYHQ/s500/Pam_artist.as.freak.on.the.road.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="500" data-original-width="408" height="400" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-HnDLJ24AJO8/YICaPJ1fvLI/AAAAAAAAMlg/HtytkuQq0rsC7IEDOM-z7SFktkjRUNgEwCLcBGAsYHQ/w326-h400/Pam_artist.as.freak.on.the.road.jpg" width="326" /></a></div><span style="font-family: verdana;"><div style="text-align: center;"><b>HOW I LOOKED IN THE MID-90'S</b></div><b> </b></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-XvyCubXz4t0/YICaaCfpf3I/AAAAAAAAMlk/vPMPmAiBM3kKFE4Kj68PSW9y8nwuOPmgwCLcBGAsYHQ/s500/Pam_artist.at.grand.canyon.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><b><img border="0" data-original-height="500" data-original-width="347" height="400" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-XvyCubXz4t0/YICaaCfpf3I/AAAAAAAAMlk/vPMPmAiBM3kKFE4Kj68PSW9y8nwuOPmgwCLcBGAsYHQ/w278-h400/Pam_artist.at.grand.canyon.jpg" width="278" /></b></span></a></div><span style="font-family: verdana;"><div style="text-align: center;"><b>ON THE WAY TO SAN JOSE</b></div></span><p></p><div class="Section1">
<h1 style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: large;">HITCH
ACROSS AMERICA: 1992</span></span></h1>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>We are are all travelers in space and time, even when we
are vegging in front of our television, killing brain cells with Budweiser,
Camels, and Dan Quayle campaign mucus.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Even in the passive and stationary posture of tube worship, we are
nonetheless moving rapidly through (Cartesian) <i>space</i> in several
vectorial dimensions (e.g., the earth’s rotation, and its revolution around the
sun;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>the sun’s motion within the galaxy
and the galaxy’s rotation;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>the galaxy’s
movement within the local supercluster;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>the expansion of everything since the Big Bang, assuming that the
universe began with a bang), and through various kinds of (Newtonian) <i>time</i>,
most of which we measure with respect to the cycles of day and night;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>the seasons;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>and the sun, moon, and other heavenly bodies.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Even when we are asleep the seconds tick
away, at least for those of us who continue to live within the
Newtonian/Cartesian paradigm, moving us inexorably towards…the <b>unknown</b>.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Aside
from these more cosmic, philosophical, and relative forms of travel, however
(relative to our inertial reference frame of living on the surface of the
Earth, these movements are imperceptible), our usual methods of experiencing
transforms of our existential spatio-temporal coordinates, our more common
modes of moving from place to place take the forms of self-<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>or vehicularly-assisted
locomotion/transportation on the ground, on water, or in the air.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the last century we have progressed from
animal- and wind-based forms, to forms based on the combustion of fossil fuels
in steam engines, to the wide array of forms in use today, ranging from the use
of nuclear fission in ships and and submarines, to the combustion of liquid
hydrogen and liquid oxygen in rocket engines, to the use of dilithium crystals
in Federation Starships, to bicycles, to the use of solar-electric power as
well as the burning of fossil fuels in the internal combustion engine in
land-based vehicles.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The latter is by
far the most widespread and ubiquitous mode:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>95% or more of all surface vehicles burn fossil fuels. This is due
primarily to the ease with which crude petroleum can be drained from the Earth
and to the energy conglomerates’ rabid resistance to change.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The
fossil fuel age is drawing to a close, if only because the terrestrial supply
is finite.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Unless interplanetary probes
or explorers discover oil on the moon, Mars, or Titan (which is highly
unlikely, since, as far as we know, these worlds have never harbored life-forms
that could have become fossilized…on the other hand, what if we <i>did</i> find
fossil fuels there…we’d surely see the NASA/EXXON Shuttle-Tanker!), and even if
“we” use up all the petroleum in <b>shale</b> deposits (there’s enough to last
a couple decades but getting at it requires strip-mining of unprecedented
scale…and this is a lovely sight, indeed!), by the year 2050 or so the fossil
fuel age will necessarily be over.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Well
before then, however, at present rates of pollution, the air over much of the
planet will be toxic and unbreatheable.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The drivers
of today may be dooming our grandchildren to “life” in sealed enclosures like
Biosphere II.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But hey, with the vast
array of modern brain-washing techniques, few of our grandchildren may even
realize that life outside the domes ever in fact existed; <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>they may never know that air was once
free!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Most of them will probably like
it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>After all, things will be so…<i>convenient</i>!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Or maybe using the wonders of genetic
engineering to allow us to “evolve” into things which no longer require air to
breathe would prove to be even more convenient!</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Whatever
the mode of power generation, however, tens of millions of personal
automobiles, trucks and vans daily cruise the millions of miles of highways
criss-crossing beautiful North America.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>I owned a vehicle continuously from the age of 16 up until November
1984, when I sold my last, a rusted-out Toyota pick-up, to a Denver junk
yard.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I love the freedom and
convenience of owning your own vehicle.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>But is precisely this freedom and convenience that we take for granted
in the astronomical number of miles we drive;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>and this vehicular excess is a primary causative agent in the etiology
of the current global ecological scenario we have today.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Anyway, enough said about the fossil fuel
scenario.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It’s <i>important</i> to
think about, OK?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is the existence of
widespread vehicular transportation that makes it possible <b>to hitch-hike</b>.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>By the
time I sold my old pick-up, I had already done my first trans-continental
hitch-hiking trek, from July through early December of 1983, as well as
hitching back to North Carolina from Key West in early December of 1982.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By May of 1984, when I first moved to
Athens, I had amassed over 12,000 road miles, and wrote my first article on
hitching, entitled, surprisingly enough, “A Trans-continental Hitch-Hiking
Trek:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Part One.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In this piece I related the fundamental
“do’s” and “don’t’s” of hitch-hiking, based on my experience, and described
some of the rides I had and people I encountered.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I also began to delve into the more cosmic and esoteric dimensions
of this process.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>In June of 1987 I left Athens with a
19-year-old Los Angeles run-away blonde named Heather;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>we hitched together to New Orleans, up
through Austin, over to Santa Fe, and up into Wyoming and southern Colorado.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At this point, after about a month, she
returned to California, and I continued north through Wyoming and Montana,
crossing the Canadian border and continuing up to Calgary, heading over to
Banff.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>From here I hitched up the
Icefield Parkway to a little resort town called Jasper, then headed southwest
down through British Columbia over to Vancouver, proceeding south onto the
Olympic peninsula, then southeast through eastern Oregon to Salt Lake
City.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Here I spent a weekend partying with
a group of radical Mormon youth, and ended up riding with one of them down to
Los Angeles, detouring through Death Valley en route.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I got to “Shaky City” (trucker lingo for L.A.) just in time to
experience a 6.2 earthquake from less than ten miles from the epi-center (I was
on-lab at the Whittier branch of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory that sunny
September morning.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I was sitting at a
bus-stop at the time it happened;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I
thought that the concrete was buckling and the palm trees and lamp-posts were
swaying because of an underground train!)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>From L.A. I ventured north briefly to Santa<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Cruz (here I ran into Heather<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>by “chance” at a coffee-shop!)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>and to Berkeley, then returning south<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>and then east over to New Mexico.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>At Las Cruces I made a short traverse over to Alamogordo, site of the
first nuclear detonation (very creepy vibes there!) then I headed north on I-25
up to Santa Fe again, detouring to visit the<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>VLA (Very Large Array, a network of 27 85-foot radio dishes which can
function as one giant radio telescope 19 kilometers in diameter!).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Then I high-tailed it back to Georgia on
I-40, having hitched over 12,000 miles in four months.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Safely back in Athens I retreated to Rocky’s
Pizza and wrote the first 87 pages (not all in one sitting!) of a document
entitled, surprisingly, “A Transcontinental Hitch-hiking Trek:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Part Two.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>This was intended to be a book, but somehow I got caught up in the
real-time life of Athens that I love so much, and never finished it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>These things happen.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But I continued to hitch-hike.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Here it is, the last day of May 1992.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Hey, this year is the quincentennial of
Columbus’s invasion, I mean…intrusion, I mean…infection, I mean…<i>discovery</i>
of America.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Where would we be without
him?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Anyway, as of last week when I
arrived here in Boulder (the Athens of the Rockies!), I have hitch-hiked right
at 91,000 miles since the fall of 1982.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Pretty impressive, huh, especially since it’s “impossible” to hitch
anymore, not since the late 60’s or early 70’s at the latest.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Not in the states, anyway.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>So I am told.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Some
people tell me that I’m the Jack Kerouac of the 90’s.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Among other things!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I’ve
read “On the Road” and “The Dharma Bums”, I think.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Kerouac is certainly the archetypal hitch-hiker.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I’m not sure that I’m the
“anything-of-the-anything” that’s existed before;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>but I wouldn’t be surprised to learn that I’ve hitched more miles
than he did.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Not that that would be any
big deal.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Back in the 50’s and early
60’s, when he did most of his mileage, there surely weren’t as many miles of
highway or as many millions of automobiles or as many thousands of people with
the time and money to drive all over the country at will.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But, on the other hand, back then, in the
proverbial<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“good old days of yesteryear”
(when Reagan was just an actor (?) and Tonto and the Lone Ranger did their
do-gooding!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“That right,
chemosabe.”)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Americans still knew and
trusted each other;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>a lot more people
lived on farms and in rural areas.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>All
we had to worry about was those evil Communists in Russia and Cuba.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Crick and Watson had just discovered the DNA
helix, and walking on the moon was the highest, most imaginative and seemingly
unattainable goal we could set our sights on;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>it was the dawn of the Space Age, and John Lennon had just met Paul
McCartney over in Liverpool.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But…back
to hitch-hiking!</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Back when Kerouac was on the road, the psychological
climate in America was radically different.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Television was only beginning to become widespread;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>we were yet to experience the scourge of
mind-management, consumer propaganda, and the unprecedented concentration of
power in the hands of increasingly smaller groups and their undeclared war of <b>infotoxin</b>
that Einstein warned of just before his death in 1955.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Technology was the answer, and Uncle Sam its
unabashed prophet.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The United States of
America was the sole and untouchable leader of the Free World, and we were
proud of it.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>But then the rot set in.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>From the assassination of President Kennedy and the escalation of our
involvement in Viet Nam, to the resignation of Nixon in the wake of Watergate,
through all the covert operations conducted in the 70’s and 80’s and the
concomitant nuclear proliferation;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>the
multi-ringed tumor-circus of the Reagan years, its cast of characters
(including Oliver “Himmler” North, Mike “Goebbels” Deaver, and Cap “the Gap”
Weinberger) and its legacy of subversion of the democratic process in favor of
corporate control, culminating in the public disclosure of such grotesque
violations of the constitution (not to mention basic human rights) as the
Iran-Contra affair;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>all the way up to
and including the “election” of a former head of the CIA as president, and the
attempted implementation of the agenda of the “new world order.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Its mission:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>to undermine the Gifted Society.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>It looks like Uncle Sam has terminal brain cancer, that is, of course,
if he’s not already dead (like Reagan, maybe he’s being kept “alive” by a daily
dose of reanimation compound, the chemical warfare agent from <i>Return of the
Living Dead</i>!).</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;">Yes, even though I was just being born,
it would seem<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>that the over-all mood of
the people in America was pretty different 35 years ago:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>more trusting, relaxed, optimistic, looking
forward to a brighter world where you could live in peace and where your
children could be a lot smarter than you thanks to the revolutions in education
and communication made possible by the new technologies.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Look
where we are today.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Thanks to the
widespread proliferation of the petrochemical industry, we have a grotesque
surfeit of food to eat, but much of it contains pesticides and other toxins;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>perhaps as much as 70% of the Earth’s human
population is chronically under-nourished.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Thanks Monsanto.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Thanks, DuPont.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We have plenty of gasoline to burn, and it’s
not as expensive as in Europe, until you add in the costs of things like the
war in the Persian Gulf, the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Valdez</i>
oil spill, and the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">non-numerical </i>but
more<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> real</b> ecological costs of
burning fossil fuels.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Thanks
Gulf-Western.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Thanks, Exxon.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We also have plenty of legal drugs to do,
like Prozak and methadone.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Thanks,
Dan.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And plenty of illegal ones, too,
like coke and heroin.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Thanks,
George.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And hemp, probably the most
economically important crop we could be growing now, remains illegal.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Thanks, Richard Anslinger.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Thanks, DEA.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We also have, on the average, more televisions per household than
we do children.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Does this mean that
we’re highly informed about what’s going on?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Hardly.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The average American
watches 6.5 hours of television daily, the vast majority of it consisting of
psychologically “sophisticated” programming aimed at selling products of
necessity and instilling attitudes of desire.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Thanks, ad agencies.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Thanks,
Hill and Knowlton.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Thanks, NBC.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The
News is supposedly the most important stuff on TV, right?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Except for <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Simpsons</i>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We generally
believe the news to be truthful and accurate reports of things that really
happened, right?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Even if it’s
invariably the worst shit that happened that day, it supposedly <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">really</i> happened, right?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But in today’s technological and political
climate of subterfuge, social engineering and deceit, how can we really be sure
of the “reality” of what we see on TV?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Moreover, even if all the stuff that’s given the status of “news” is
true, who in fact decides that it’s <u>news</u>?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We could have Pat Robertson to thank, had he had sufficient funds
to buy UPI;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>a “<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">C</b>hristian <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">N</b>ews <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">N</b>etwork” would surely provide objective
and unbiased “news”!<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Yes,
the social, psychological, and political climates (and perhaps the global
atmospheric climate) of today are indeed quite different from those of the
friendly fifties.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Back then you could
hitch-hike safely, knowing that the people who might pick you up weren’t likely
to be gun-toting AIDS-infested child-molesting cannibalistic psychopathic
serial killers who listen to “porn rock” and vote Republican!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>You didn’t have to worry about stuff like
that back then.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But now, in the
Notorious Nineties, you never know who might be an alien lizard-being in
disguise!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Evening News</i> is always reporting heinous atrocities
everywhere:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">everyone</i> must be fucked!<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>That’s
why I love to hitch-hike:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>it’s<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> impossible</i>!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It’s <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">dangerous!</i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It’s<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">
insane</i>!<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>I
don’t know how many miles Jack Kerouac hitch-hiked.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It’s not really the quantity of your mileage, but the quality of
the miles, of the places you visit and the people you meet.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As of the writing of this article, I have
hitched 91,000 miles since the fall of 1982.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>I’ve visited about 35 of the United States, and the southern regions of
Alberta and British Columbia.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This
figure is accurate to within about 5%, or about 2,000 miles.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I have hitched 0.0098 astronomical units (an
a.u. is the average distance between the Earth and the sun, or approximately 93
million miles), or 0.000000015 light years (a light year is the distance light
travels in one year, or approximately 5.98 trillion miles).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At 1990 levels of driving, Americans will
drive one light year from 1990 to 1996.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Until
this past trek two weeks ago, from Athens to Boulder, I had met only one person
in all my miles of hitching who had hitched more miles than me.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I think his name was Jim Johnson, from
somewhere in Texas.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He had a big van
pulling a large U-haul trailer, and very long ( I mean almost ass-length!)
hair.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was returning from down in a remote
region of Mexico, bringing back a load of dresses;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>he went around and set up this big tent and sold the dresses at
considerable profit here state-side.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He
seemed like a very cool dude with a solid gig which made him a lot of legal
money.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Anyway, he said that he had
hitched a little over 100,000 miles, including to Guatemala and back, during
his former days of life on the road.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Then,
two weeks ago, a dude named Jim Buffington gave me a ride part-way across
Atlanta.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He’s a mechanic, and was on
his way to pick up a freshly-machined engine head.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He told me that he had hitched 250,000 miles in 15 countries over
20 years of hitching, which I believe spanned the 60’s and 70’s.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Now, I<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">
know</i> the degree of accuracy of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">my </i>mileage
figures:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I have a scientific mind and
am very honest.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I generally believe
most of what people tell me, unless they give me a reason to doubt them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Both of these Jim’s seemed intelligent and
honest, so I take their figures as accurate.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Plus or minus a few thousand, OK?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>“Shit!”
I thought, when he related the 250,000 mile figure.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I always to hitch the most miles of anyone I knew of!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>100,000 looked like an easy mark to
beat;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>250,000…I don’t know.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By this fall, when I will have been hitching
for 10 years, I will probably have surpassed the six figure mark (especially if
I hitch from Newfoundland to Alaska in July, like I’m planning right
now!);<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>this averages out to around
10,000 miles per year.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>To hit the
quarter-million mile mark, I’d have to continue at my present rate until the
year 2007.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I’ll be 51 then.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I guess I could do it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I could also get really <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">serious</i> about my hitching, and actually stay on the road for an
entire year (as it stands now, I’m actually<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>“on the road” only a few weeks of the year).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A typical truck-driver might drive 250,000 miles in one
year.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Seriously.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Or if I wanted to get <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">really </i>serious, I could take to what is known as air-hitching.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Now, I’ve only read about this;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>but it doesn’t involve standing by a run-way
with your thumb extended!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>To perform
air-hitching, you go into the terminal at the airport and start asking around about
who’s flying where.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This is something
you do in small, private airports, of course.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>A friend of mine who’s a psychiatrist said that a lot of medical
supplies are transported by plane, and that those pilots might be good to
approach.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Of course, if you were going
to hitch over-seas, you’d have to have all your papers in order, n’est
pas?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Damn, by hitching on planes I
could rack some miles fast.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Like
several thousand miles in a few hours!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>And be stylin’, too!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Maybe I
should go for a million!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I wonder if I
could hitch to Australia?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
moon?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Mars?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Arcturan Star System?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Oz?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>But
this is getting off the mark.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At no
point have I ever hitch-hiked simply to accrue miles.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I hitch to get somewhere, always with a specific destination on
each trek.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I am where I am while I am
there, but then, when I get where I’m going, there I am.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>What I mean is something akin to Ram Dass’
maxim “be here now.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In a logical
sense, this is all you really <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">can</i> do,
unless you undergo spatio-temporal re-location, which is some form of movement
in space and/or time.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>You can “be there
then” , but not “here” and not “now.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>But you know what I mean!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Buckaroo
Bonzai already explained it:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Wherever
you go, there you are.”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Being
very much a "people" person and very into meeting new and unfamiliar
sub-species of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">homo sapiens</i>, and in
establishing communication with them, has certainly sustained and enhanced my
career in hitch-hiking.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If I hated
people or meeting new ones, yet persisted in hitch-hiking as a mode of transportation,
it would surely suck.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In a big way.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>In
my first article on hitching I mentioned that what it's all about, in addition
to actually getting where you're going, is the people you meet.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I would estimate that I have had rides with
at least a couple thousand people over my 91,000 miles.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This form of meeting and getting to know
people is vastly more interesting, educational, and varied than the
"encounter" groups of the 70's;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>since you are exerting no control whatsoever over who picks you up, the
forces which in our daily lives operate to prevent us from interacting with
people who are radically different from us are attenuated.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In other words, we don't usually meet or
interact with people much unlike ourselves:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>it's too scary, too unpredictable, too…inconvenient!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Most of us live our lives in terms of the
repetition of daily routines, and don't really meet large numbers of new people
as a matter of course anyway.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>During
hitch-hiking you are like totally wide-open to the unknown.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I mean, not <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">totally</i>:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>for example, you
can be relatively certain that whoever stops to pick you up will be human.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Relatively
</i>certain.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But you never know;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>at least all of my rides to date have <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">looked</i> like humans!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And you can be relatively certain that when
you get in the car the "laws of nature" of this part of the galaxy
will still hold.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Relatively</i> certain.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Of
course, if you're accelerating to velocities approaching the speed of light,
you will experience a slowing of the temporal process, known in Einsteinian
parlance as <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">time dilation</i>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But compared to the statistical
probabilities of everyday life, hitching involves a highly elevated coefficient
of the unknown, for sure.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>One
thing that is certain, however, almost as certain as the fact that the vehicle
which picks you up will be burning fossil fuels is that you will encounter an
exceedingly interesting and diverse array of people.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>So diverse, in fact, that I find it difficult to generalize about
the people who give me rides;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>except to
say that in general they are all alive and are going somewhere, the one thing
that they have in common is that they are almost all invariably nice people.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Before
I extrapolate on what I mean by "nice", allow me to present some raw
anthropological data on the nature of the people who give me rides and my
encounters with them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>My latest trek,
from Athens to Boulder, in late May, was a prime example of the harmony and
diversity of the hitch-hiking experience.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>To
head out from Athens, I got my friend Eric to give me a ride out to a good hitching
juncture, about ten miles out of town, the point out past the mall where 78
bifurcates off to the left, and 29 continues on to Winder.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The last time I hitched from there was back
in February;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I got picked up by a dude,
Hamlin Endicott, a wine salesman whose brother Marcus is a professional
traveller and has a book out entitled <u>Vagabond Globetrotting:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>State of the Art</u>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Before dropping me at my friend's house in
Atlanta along with a sample of his wares, he took me by his place in order to
give me a copy of his brother's latest book, which is a humorous, fact-filled
guide to alternative travel all over the world.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>On
this latest trek I got a ride from this nexus with a dude named Rick
Longenecker, an Atlanta computer specialist who is also involved in putting on
the Phenomicon event (a multi-disciplinary conference of authors/minds
focussing on leading-edge neuro-politics, science fiction, conspiracy theory,
and other anomalies of modern thought).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>He recognized me from the Human Rights Festival.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Our encounter consisted of an hour-long
brainstorming session on topics ranging from computer technology in art and
music, to Frank Zappa, to the Church of the Subgenius, to the infotoxin
hypothesis, to the agenda of the "new world order."<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He dropped me on I-85 south, just north of
spaghetti junction, in time to make his last business connection of the day.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>I
walked down the on-ramp (this one was particularly long, being a kind of short
access-road, too;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>of course, even the
shortest ramp can seem interminable when you're carrying over 100lbs. of gear
in 90+ degree heat!) headed toward my favorite hitching spot;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>the vertex point where the on-ramp meets the
highway.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Here, technically, you are on
the ramp, not the road, and you are visible to the passing traffic, as well as
being at a visual apex of the white-lines which define vehicular trajectories
(most of the time!).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>I
had been standing there only a few minutes when, yes, a car pulled over.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ah, that moment of joy and gratitudd, the
one whose proximity is as elusive as the hose-beaked fryceratops (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">tuborhine lysergoceph</i>) or perhaps the
mythical "hide-behind" of Australian folk-lore (it's an animal
resembling a kangaroo which gets behind you…but you can never see it because
it's always able to stay directly behind you, outside your field of vision!)
When you're hitching you constantly have to look over your shoulder, "down
traffic", to see if anyone pulls over.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Failure to respond promptly to a car who pulled over could result in
loss of ride;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>being the diligent
hitcher, this has never happened to me.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>I hauled ass, as I always do, towards the waiting vehicle (and I'm
skinny enough to be able to haul ass in one trip!).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Running
at the pace of a moderate jog with 100+ lbs. of gear can tend to kick one's
ass, even it it's only for a couple hundred feet.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I would say that this is the average distance I have to cover on
foot to get to a car.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A lot of times,
they are able to stop closer, or sometimes even ahead of me;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>occasionally people will back up to meet me;
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>trucks usually end up a quarter-mile or
more (it seems!) down the road because they can't stop very quickly.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>I
arrived at the car, breathless.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Now,
this is the initial <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">moment of encounter</b>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>During this first few seconds of interaction
a tremendous amount of information is exchanged, mostly non-linguistic and
pre-conscious.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The person stopping gto
pick me up has already seen me and sized me up, at least for a second or
two;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>if they're stopping to get me,
it's because they wanted to (and this is certainly the way it is, because when
you're standing out there you are powerless to make someone stop.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Of course, you could do stuff like jump into
the on-coming traffic…but this would mark the end of your terrestrial hitch-hiking
experience;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>or you could flash a
handful of bills with two digits.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>No
hitch-hiker is likely to have that kind of money…but if you did flash it, even
someone going over a hundred miles per<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>hour would see it, down to the serial number, because when it comes to
the human response to money, many of the normal laws of nature, reality, and
everything go awry as the psyche becomes affected by strange attractors at the
quantum level!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Or if you're a female
person you could lift your skirt and/or show your breasts in the manner of
Cicciolina, the blonde sex-goddess from Budapest who was recently elected to
the Italian parliament.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Seriously.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But I prefer to stand there in proper
stance, like a good hitch-hiker (once I even got a ride because the dude said I
had good posture!);<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>doing any of these
things to try to get someone to stop could easily lead to one or more of the
undesirable outcomes people always associate with hitch-hiking!).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>During
the moment of encounter I am simultaneously doing such things as reading the
basic personality characteristics and sensing the overall vibrational aura of
the driver, looking around inside the vehicle for signs of trouble (empty
alcohol containers, weapons, unusually large quantities of garbage,
unidentified viscous substances on the floor, venomous reptiles, syringes,
containers of radio-active waste, or hidden passengers) noticing smells, and
talking to him/her (usually a "him" but not always), often beginning
with "Hey, how's it going? Where ya headed to?" followed by "Hey
man, thanks a lot for stopping!"<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>And I mean it, too.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>All this is
taking place while I am loading my gear into the car.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I have only turned down rides a few times, usually because they
were only going a mile or two or because the vehicle was filled with
people.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Once I turned down a ride
because the dude wouldn't tell me where he was going.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I mean, a hitch-hiker without a destination is bad, but a driver
without one is worse because he'll get there a lot sooner!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The most potentially "interesting"
ride I ever turned down was a few years ago, as I was hitching along I-40
somewhere west of Oklahoma City.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I was
walking along, not even hitching.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This
old van pulled over with several fairly disturbed-looking individuals
inside.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They looked like worn-out road
junkies, not all that old, but pretty fucking beat!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They all had this really kind of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">hungry</i> look…I don't mean for food…but hungry for <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">something!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span></i>Detection of this vibe within about 150 milliseconds of seeing them
iinstantly defined my response:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>"Thanks for stopping, but you really don't have room."<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I don't think they were rabies-infected
Republicannibals;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>they just wanted some
more <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">shit to shoot up</i>!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>So anyway, I continued walking down the
road.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Then they pulled up next to me
again.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>"Hey, if you've got some <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">money</i>, we'll make some room for
you…"<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They didn't quite get it,
did they?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I was too nice to tell them
that I hitch for fun and adventure, not out of desperation and lack of
alternatives, and that I wasn't about to get into a van loaded with <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">homo sapiens</i> road-kill.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As well, they didn't realize that asking me
if I had any money wasn’t exactly going to<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>encourage me to join their merry band of junksters;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>in fact, I've had a small number of people to
pull over and ask me if I had any money, and then keep on going when I answered
them, honestly, that I didn't…but I was glad.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Who would want to ride with someone driving a car with no money?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>"Hey buddy…that sure is a nice <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">camera</i> ya got there…"<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>These guys must've really wanted to help me
out, though, because then the driver leaned over to talk to me, in front of the
chick in the passenger seat, who apparently had been not unattractive in the
not-too-distant-past, but who now resembled William S. Burroughs' retarded
step-daughter before she went into rehab!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>"Hey, we can stop and get some money…<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">she gives good blood</i>!" They were serious!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The implications of this statement made me
kind of cringe.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I said "No, but
thanks anyway" and kept on walking, hoping they would drive on and leave
me alone.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They did.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I wasn't afraid of them;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>they didn't seem violent or aggressive (they
must've been on that <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">smack</i>!)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But for some reason I didn't want to become
a part of that happy group of fellow travellers!<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Anyway,
back to the ride at hand.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This guy's
name was Jim Buffington.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He's a
mechanic in Atlanta and was on his way to pick up a freshly machined engine
head for a job he was doing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was
maybe around 50.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was a damn cool
dude.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He's the one I mentioned earlier
who said he'd hitch-hiked a <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">quarter-million</b>
miles in 15 countries!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A lot of his
hitching strategies revolved around wearing the proper clothes, contrasting
what he would wear while hitching in Europe as opposed to what proper dress
code would be for hitching in the States.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>I wear what I always wear:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>jeans
and a t-shirt in summer, add cold-weather gear if it's cold.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Fairly clean clothes, nothing fancy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That's one of the three basic
"do's" of hitching which I formulated in my 1984 article (the other
two are "Have a back-pack" and "Make a clear, legible
sign.").<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Being interested in
alternative fuels for the post-fossil-fuel age, I asked him what he knew about
propane as a fuel for the internal combustion engine.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Not to my surprise, because he seemed like an in-tune dude on top
of his profession, he knew quite a bit about it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Of course, he didn't think there was anything better than
gasoline for commercial use (from the perspective of the non-ecologically
minded mechanic, I'm sure this is true);<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>the major drawback from using propane is what is known as <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">valve-seat recession</i>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I forget the precise mechanism of action of
this process, but it results in having to get your valves retooled more often
than you normally would.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But overall,
he only strengthened my case for propane, by verifying the positive things I've
learned.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>While conversing about
placement of fuel tanks, he related that he had welded a full tank of gas
before.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He said the dude who owned the
car insisted on going into the building across the street while he did it!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Jim was a damn good dude, and he told me
that he could do the propane conversion thing if I ever needed it done.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He dropped me at a good hitching spot where
Clairmont Road crosses 85.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The
spot was good, but it now looked like it was going to start pouring down rain
at any instant!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I was probably an hour
before sunset, but really dark due to the thunder clouds.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This brings us to another prime variable of
the hitch-hiking experience:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>the
weather.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Like
getting a ride while <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">hitch</i>-hiking,
the weather is outside the domain of our immediate control.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>More than even the 'software of the
atmosphere', the weather is dynamic and alive, expressions of the living forces
of Gaia.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If you're an atmospheric
scientist or meteorologist, however, the weather consists of contiuously
changing patterns of chemical and thermodynamic non-equilibrium interaction,
solar-driven matter/energy transductions between land and sky, ocean and cloud,
liquid and gas.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A clear, beautiful day
has less 'weather' than a day of violent thunderstorms, hurricanes, tornadoes,
cyclones, and microbursts:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>weather is
in a sense the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">events of the
atmosphere.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></i><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;">To the American Indians and other indigenous, aboriginal
peoples of all continents, the forces of the atmosphere have always been
regarded as entities, beings, or deities with whom humans coexist;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>and a significant part of the spiritual life
of these peoples centers on maintaining harmonious relationships with these
forces.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>I
feel the Earth, the atmosphere and its weather and the whole of nature,
including the mountains and minerals as well as the florae and faunae, to be
vastly alive.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I have come to experience
Gaia as a consciousness, a web of life that connects everyone and everything on
the planet.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When I am out in nature,
and particularly when I am hitch-hiking, I feel especially close to her.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>In
terms of the weather, I usually seem to be in the right place at the right
time.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I carry very little rain
gear;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>when it's warm it's fun being out
in the rain.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But I carry a significant
amount of stuff (writings, for example) that could be damaged by water;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>plus water-logged gear weighs a lot more
than dry!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Normally, given that I have
the choice, I tend to stay where I am if the weather is 'bad.'<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This might mean staying an extra day at
someone's house, or at least waiting for a break in the 'weather.'<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>If
I do find myself standing by the roadside beneath threatening clouds, while
recognizing that that storm spirits are my allies, I might also scope out where
I could go if the bottom drops out.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>This would usually be somewhere like an over-pass bridge or a restaurant
within walking distance.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>You never know
when a storm spirit ally might want to douse you for fun!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Plus, I could always pull out the rain fly
from my tent to stay dry if I really needed it.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Anyway,
I was standing there at Clairmont Road and I-85 south beneath a dark
thunder-head.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>My destination for the
day was just over a little beyond Six Flags, to my sister's house in
Winston.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I figured that two more rides
would be all I'd need:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>one down I-20
West, and one out to the Douglasville exit.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>But it was pretty dark, because of the clouds, even though another hour
of daylight remained;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I knew that if I
had to walk up the on-ramp to get out of the (possible) rain, it might get dark
on me.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This is another factor in
hitching;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I rarely hitch after dark,
unless I really want to expedite my arrival to where I'm going.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And even then, I only hitch from well-lit
ramps, which this one wasn't.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>I
wasn't exactly stressing, just hoping for someone to stop.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>All of a sudden a pick-up pulled over.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was loaded with gear for house
painting.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And he had a shit-load of
furnace filters up front.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This was Doug
Sikes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was on his way home up to
Marietta.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was a damn good dude.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>About five minutes after he picked me up the
rain started.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was pouring down
pretty hard, and my gear was in the back;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>but we were moving fast enough that it didn't matter.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Until we hit the traffic going to the
Brave's game!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But by then the rain
slacked off somewhat.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He fired up a
joint and we got a nice buzz as we conversed about all kinds of cool shit.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was basically headed over to get on 75
North when he got me, but went out of his way not only to take me over to where
20 West and 285 meet, but even further, all the way to the third Douglasville
exit, to within five miles of my sister's house!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Then he bought me a drink before heading up to Marietta.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>An excellent person.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>My
sister Susan and her two-and-a-half-year-old son Tyler came and got me.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We watched the giant orange solar disc
setting as we headed for the house.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I
spent two days with them, watching Leonard Nimoy's "In Search Of"
with her husband Dave (this particular episode was called 'The Sun Worshippers'
and was about the end of the fossil fuel age, alternative fuels, and solar
energy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Fascinating, Captain.)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Watching Tyler pitch the classic
"terrible two's" fit at Po' Folks, and doing hand-painted t-shirts
with her daughter Lindsay, who's six.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>My niece.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>"Uncle
Jeff."<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">hate</i> being called that.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>It's not that it makes me feel<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> old</i>
or anything (I mean, I just turned 36 but most people think I'm about 27);<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>it's just that I'm the only one in the
family who has two names.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There's <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;">well…<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>My
sister is the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">normal</i> one of my
parents' two children;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I am, of course,
the mutation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But we get along pretty
well.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As she was preparing to take me
out to the highway when I was leaving, she told me that I must have an
"excess of guardian angels" because I rarely get sick, don't have any
allergies, and always have good rides hitching.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I have always felt that a lot of beings are watching out for me,
but certainly I don't have an "excess" of assistance!<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Susan
drove me out to Carrollton after work (she's a speech and communications
therapist), leaving me in the warm glow of a North Georgia late spring
afternoon, on the threshold of Memorial Day weekend.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One of the things I really enjoy about hitch-hiking is being able
to spend time alone out in nature;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>if
you're along a highway kind of away from a city, and there's not much traffic,
it's pretty nice to be there.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As long
as you're not there for too long.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And
it's not sub-zero temperatures!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I have
developed a kind of sensibility about how long it's taking me to get a
ride.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A lot of times, if it seems like
a ride is long in coming, this means that the next ride will more than likely
be really good.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>I
would estimate that I waited maybe 45 minutes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Now, this is probably about average for the duration of a wait, maybe a
little long but not by a lot;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>two hours
would be really long!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A truck pulled
over but then kept on going.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This
happens occasionally.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I know I get
talked about on CB's sometimes;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I'd
like to hear what is actually said!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Most of it is just passing the word that "Rodger Dodger, ya gotta
hitch-hiker about eight miles southbound."<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Some of them might think I was a girl if they saw me from behind,
because of my hair.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Anyway,
a big yellow Ryder truck, probably the largest size they make, pulls over in
front of me.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This means I was spotted
from a distance and that a speedy decision was made.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was pulling a trailer with a car on it, too.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Charlie Gallion.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was going to Dallas.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Dallas?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Yeah, in Texas.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Around 800 miles!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was also a fellow North Carolinian, from Greensboro, close to
where I grew up.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Excellent!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was moving in with his new girlfriend,
who was paying for everything, including the move!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I saw a picture of her:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>a
real honey!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was kind of in a hurry
to get there (I wonder why!?);<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>those
rental trucks have governors which prevent their being driven at over 65
mph.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This is probably very sound
thinking.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I drove for several hours
throughout the night, and we got to Dallas just before rush hour.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In order to help me get through the
metropolitan area, Charlie drove me about 25 miles north, towards Denton (home
of NTU and where Heather, the blonde run-away chick from LA and I partied with
some frat people on the Fourth of July in 1987!).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Another damn good dude!<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Where
he dropped me was a sort of non-descript quasi-industrial/suburban area.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I walked<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>along the side road for about a quarter-mile, to get on the nearest
on-ramp.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Right over beside me was a
large grove of beautiful trees, oaks maybe.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>I stood hitching for a few minutes;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>but the trees were drawing me near…I had to find out why.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Those gentle voices I hear…explained it all
in a sigh!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I walked over and sat at a
picnic table for a few minutes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I
cannot explain the mystical feeling I had in that grove, but it was somehow
connected to the spirit of nature as a whole, and to the Indians who lived
there not all that long ago.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Their
presence is alive even now, to those who can perceive it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I feel that it is this force or
consciousness that puts me in the right place at the right time and connects me
with the right people.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>After changing
into long pants and looking at my road atlas (a customized, water-proofed 1984
Rand McNally), I felt it was time to get back onto the highway.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>After
a very short span of time, only five to ten minutes, a car pulled over. Paul
Jones, from Aubrey, very close to Denton.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>He had been doing some house-painting, but was on his way home.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was very into the Indians who had once
lived in this area, and spent a lot of time out by the streams collecting
various kinds of arrow-heads.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was a
very spiritual person.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He drove me up
to the north edge of town.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We went into
a convenience store and he bought me a bar-b-que sandwich.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We sat and talked for a while.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He drew me some pictures of the kinds of
arrowheads that were likely to be found in this area:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Washita, from around 500 A.D;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Fresno;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Clovis, from around
10,000 B.C;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>and the Adenz, from around
6,000 B.C.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Then he had to split because
of a court date:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>he had recently got
busted for growing that evil narcotic devil-weed hemp!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When I go back through that area he's going
to take me arrowhead hunting.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Yet
another damn good dude!<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>I
sat in the store a while, waiting for a break in the drizzle. I felt surrounded
by an aura of intensely positive spiritual vibes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was that living Indian nature energy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When the rain stopped, I walked up the side
road and onto the on-ramp.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A car pulled
over before I even got onto the highway.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>This was Matthew Tresp, from Whitesboro, about 30 miles up the road.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He had seen me in the store.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He had just got off work but was kind of
fooling around for a while before heading to the house, the wife and kids.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We drove through the rain, which was
moderate.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He offered to take me on into
Oklahoma, which was more than a few miles.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Just as we were reaching the exit where he had to turn around and go
back, the rain had diminished to naught!<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Standing
there amid the lush grassy plains of southern Oklahoma, I felt totally at one
with the land, the surrounding area, the spirits of the Indians who used to
live here, the herds of mightly buffalo.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>I felt totally at peace with everything.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I realized that I was at the southern end of what is known as
"tornado alley", a region several hundred miles wide which extends
from central Texas up through the Great Lakes area and into Canada.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Although the sky was overcast, I did not
perceive any serious storm precursors.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>By this time I was beginning to feel pretty beat, after driving all
through the night with Charlie Gallion.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>I decided that if I didn't get a ride fairly quickly, that I would go
down into the field next to me, pitch my tent, and catch a few z's.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was only around 10a.m.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I was running well ahead of
"schedule" (not that you can have an actual <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">schedule</i> when you're hitching, but I know how I'm doing compared to
previous experience;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>the scale of
comparison is based on what <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">driving time</i>
would be, which I compute at 65 mph plus stopping time for food and fuel…this
is about the fastest you can do the ground-travel thing, and to do <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">this</i> well at distances of over 1500
miles or so requires more than one driver), and could afford to take a break if
need be.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>But
after no more than 20 minutes a car pulled over.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Neal Brown.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He had been
living down in Mexico City for the past month, and was on his way to meet his
business partner, Les Powers, up at a place called Bob's Pig Shop in Paul's
Valley.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They represent musicians of
different kinds and as a team function as a sort of regional, smaller-scale
Bill Graham Productions of southern "tornado alley" country
musicians.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We arrived in Paul's Valley,
OK.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This was early afternoon on the Friday
of Memorial Day weekend.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By now I was
feeling like a brain-dead zombie;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Neal
suggested that I crash out in his car while they had their "business"
meeting, then come in and join them later.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>When I laid down I instantly zoned into a hyper-rem space;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>my degree of fatigue forced me to sleep, but
my innate wariness of being on the front seat of the car of someone I'd just
met less than an hour ago, and in a town I knew nothing about prevented the
sleep from being very deep.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>I
remained in this state of semi-sleep (I'm not sure exactly what kinds of
brain-waves I was generating…from the dreams I was having, they must've been a
full-spectrum combination of gamma, zeta, lambda, and pi!)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>for one or two hours of real time (this is
one of those commonly-used scientific expressions that I could digress on for
aeons!).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Neal came out and got
me.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I went into the bar and joined him
and his friend Les.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We started in on
drinking some Budweisers and eating bar-b-que and tamales and exchanging
stories about hitch-hiking, country music, life in Mexico city, and
chicks.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Primarily the latter.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We were also scoping out all the female
resources which passed through.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Did you
know that in Texas, if a girl is old enough to go to the store, she's old
enough to get bred?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>HaHa!!!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Seriously.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>What age would that be, 12?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I
guess it depends on if the store is close enough to walk to, or if she has to
drive, in which case it would be 16.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>"I heard that."<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That's
another colloquial Texanism I learned.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>We
drank quite a few Buds and exchanged quite a few tales.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>From what Neal was relating, life in Mexico
City is pretty damned cool.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I wouldn't
mind checking it out some time.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Neal
sounded like he was planning to spend a lot of time there.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By now it was around 5 p.m., and we had to
be on our ways.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Neal had to return
south into Texas, and Les was returning north up to Oklahoma City.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I loaded my gear into Les's car as he
donated some hemp-based pharmaceuticals to Neal's cause.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Then we were on our way, up I-35.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>We
burned one after we got on the interstate;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>after a while, my road fatigue set in again, and I started nodding
off.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By the time we got to OKC I still
had plenty of time to catch a ride, and Les was going to drop me over on the
west side of town;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>but then he said I
could come and crash at his house as long as I didn't slit his throat in the
middle of the night.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I said I wouldn't,
as long as he didn't try to fuck me up the ass or anything like that!<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>By
the time we got to his house in a nice suburban part of OKC I didn't feel
sleepy anymore.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Les's girlfriend and
her kids came over, as well as his friend Mike.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Like myself, Mike and Les design t-shirts. I showed them my line
of designs, and they showed me some of theirs.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>I played them some music they hadn't heard before (that's partly why my
back-pack weighs so much…I typically carry 10-12 cd's and maybe 80 cassettes!),
including my friends <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Samples</i> from
Boulder, and some William Orbit (his "Strange Cargo" disc has been my
favorite music of the past year).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We drank
a few Corona's, consumed some more cannabis, and acted silly with the kids.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>It
was at this point that I got to hear the infamous "Ass-whippin' "
tape.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I can't remember how they got
this tape, but it's by this dude back in Tennessee somewhere.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I don't know his real name, but on this tape
he uses three aliases:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Bill Morgan, Roy
Mullins, and Leroy Mercer.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>What he does
is to call up a store, like an automotive supply or a shoe store, and he tells
them that he recently bought something from them but that it fucked up somehow,
and now he wants a new one of whatever it was, and sometimes more.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Supposedly he is a "sophisticated
businessman", according to Les;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>but he speaks in the quintessential American redneck dialect.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It sounds real enough to me.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He's outrageously antagonistic to the store
peope, and makes incredible and unrealistic demands;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>but he begins with premises that are so outlandish that anyone
who even talks to him for long has to have patience on the order of infinite,
and/or have an acute lack of intelligence.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The funniest parts are when the store people disagree with him or say
they won't fulfil his demands, and he says,"Well, somebody's ass <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">could</i> get whipped over this…"<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>See, that's why they call it the
"ass-whippin'" tape.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Get it?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The
evening was deepening, and I felt the land of nod tugging at my
brainwaves.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I slept very soundly on
Les's sofa, awakening once in the middle of the night to a stressful scene in
some late-night science fiction movie.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Over the last few years I have grown quite accustomed to sleeping on
sofas.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Regardless of their length or
density, I can always manage to obtain some form of decent rest.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The next day was Saturday of Memorial Day
weekend.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Les had a lot of stuff to do,
so we took off around noon.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The day was
damp and overcast, but tranquil.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He
drove me out past Yukon (a tiny suburb of Oklahoma City…my only previous
experience there was when I was hitching through in the winter of '90…somehow I
was there after dark with no ride and it was colder than fuck…a waitress from a
restaurant where I had eaten and her boyfriend took me to what had used to be a
motel but was not a shelter of sorts for people on the road who needed a place
for a night…but they wouldn't let me stay there, however, because I was guess what
…a single male!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>So they drove me to a
truck-stop down the highway) and dropped me at a Love's (a kind of truck
stop/convenience store found throughout the Midwest).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I asked Les if he'd mind giving me a dollar or two for some
coffee.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I still had two sweet
roll/pastry-type things that Paul Jones had given me back down in Denton,
TX.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I knew they were probably still
edible because I've always heard that the shelf-life of a Twinkie is 9.2 years;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I've yet to test this figure.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I also remembering that Twinkies aren’t
actually cooked, but that they just sort of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">rise</i>
to the occasion!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Les said "No
problem", and added that since I might be an angel, he had better help me
out!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I felt surrounded by a powerful
aura of good vibes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>"May the force
be with you" I said as I got out of his car.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Was <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">he</i> an angel?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>A
little ways before we turned off I-40 to cross over to the Love's we saw a
hitch-hiker walking down the highway.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>He was a dude maybe ten years older than me, with a long, scraggly
beard, standard "road attire" (dark, somewhat soiled clothes with a
jacket bearing the emblem of an oil company, and matching hat), and an
Army-surplus duffle bag with a large reusable coffee mug dangling from it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I mean, I didn't register all this
information until I talked to him in the Love's.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>All I noticed when I first saw him walking was that he resembled
the typical hitch-hiker that people see and go "Ooh, I'd never let that
guy close to my car…", and the fact that he was hauling ass on foot.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>I
was sitting at a table, drinking my coffee, eating my sausage biscuit and
welll-preserved pastry, looking at my road atlas and enjoying the good vibes of
being in the middle of an excellent trip.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>I was taking my time, waiting for the drizzle to subside, reflecting on
the excellent "luck" I'd been having so far.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Then this dude comes in, the one I'd just
seen walking down the road.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He sits
down in the booth behind me.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Two of the
guys who worked there were sitting across from me;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>observing their response to him was interesting.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They knew that I, too, was a
hitch-hiker;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>they could see my sign and
my back-pack outside.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But their
response to me was somewhat different.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>They saw me as someone at the very least "on their
level,"<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>someone with whom they
could communicate;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I could tell that
they saw him as somewhat sketchy.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>I
think that most people I know would've seen this guy as sketchy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Regardless of<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>whether he was hitch-hiking or not.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He had a kind of wild, unkempt look.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Like he might be kind of…yes, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">crazy!</i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Now, this is a topic on which I could
digress at great length:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>the relativity
of the concept of "sanity."<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>To some people, anyone who hitch-hikes today is <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">obviously </i>insane;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>this
would be something that would constitute the very <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">definition </i>of "insane."<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>But people can tell from talking to me that, although I might be a
little crazy in a positive sense, I am not only not insane but that I am
probably a good deal saner than most people.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>I know plenty of people who would argue this;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>my point is that I actually am fairly <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">normal </i>(another topic of digression) and am perceived as such by
most people.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>But
this other hitch-hiker may easily have been perceived as a wing-nut by many
people.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I could tell from talking to
him and from looking into his eyes, however, that he was not insane, not mean
or crazy or someone to be afraid of.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In
fact, he seemed like a pretty damned good dude.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He did seem a little lost, and by his appearance he definitely
didn't "fit in" with the status quo.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Like myself, he didn't have much money.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>He was drinking some coffee, and I offered him one of my donor
Twinkies.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was really glad to have
it, saying that he hadn't eaten in a couple days.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His name was Chris;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>he
didn't have a specific destination, but was looking for some work harvesting
wheat.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>I
felt a great deal of compassion for this man.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>He seemed like an innocent soul that had been wounded by having to exist
in the disease of human society today;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>we didn't talk all that much, but we probably share an equally profound
disdain for much of what motivates people today.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He seemed like essentially a country person, which I, too,
am.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He looked at my atlas, and
complained about not getting rides.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I
suggested that he formulate a destination and make a sign.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>After
a while, the drizzle abated.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He left
before me.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By the time I hit the
on-ramp, he was gone.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I wonder on
occasion where he finally ended up;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>of
if he’s still walking the interstates of southern “tornado alley”, waiting for
that certain ride that will take him where he wants to go.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Maybe <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">he</i>
was an angel…in search of harvestable wheat.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>I
walked out across the interstate bridge and down the on-ramp to the edge of the
west-bound traffic.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>After a little
while a guy pulled over.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Jay.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Something or other.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was only going about 10-15 miles;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>sometimes short rides can be good in that
they can reposition you into a more suitable location.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Where I was was fine, but I went
anyway.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The difference between walking
five miles with a hundred-pound pack and being driven five miles is
significant, to say the least.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This
ride was one of those rare instances of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">encountering
the pervert.</i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This dude wasn’t
seriously twisted, not as far as I could tell, anyway;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>but after a few miles he started rubbing his
pud.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He seemed like an elementary
school teacher who might go after young boys.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>I could easily envision him doing it, plus I could sense the vibe.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At least he didn’t pull it out of his pants.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At that, I would’ve been forced to be let
out.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Luckily, this has never
happened.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I can always tell before they
ask me “the big question!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But this dude
just started in on a’strokin’ while we were in the middle of a conversation
about New Zealand.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This dichotomous
situation had an interesting effect on my mind;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>on the mental level, I was interested in the information he was
relating.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But on the gut, instinctual
level, I was recoiling.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I mean, he
wasn’t really going at it like he was serious;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>he seemed unsure of how far he was going.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I started wondering how much this depended on me;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I also kept willing him to stop it, beaming
my strongest telepathic laser beams at him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Finally a sense of relief:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>we
had reached his exit.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Just as we were
pulling over, he said “Do you mind if I ask you a question?”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I instantly replied “Don’t even
bother.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I politely thanked him for the
ride, and left him with my official motto of the 90’s:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Don’t fuck up, because fucking down is more
gravitationally efficient.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Then he was
on his merry way.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>I
looked around.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The middle of
nowhere.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>No stores, not even a service
station at this exit.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The clouds
weren’t really dark, but it did look like it could raining.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I wondered if I shouldn’t have stayed back
where I was.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But I felt really good
vibes all around.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A moderate cross-wind
was blowing out of the north;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>it kept
my hair in my face as I looked into the on-coming traffic.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I had just got my hair cut before I left
Athens, so I wasn’t looking quite as wild as I usually do.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I had on my blue and purple pull-over from
Australia that I got in Crested Butte back in March;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>if has aborigine-esque images on it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I felt at one with everything. I was expecting to be there for a
while.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>It’s
hard to describe the state I go into when I’m actually in the act of hitching,
standing there by the road-side with my thumb out.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If I’m unstressed and everything is taken care of, I think that
my mind kind of expands out into a larger domain.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At this particular time I was quite content to be there, maybe
just a little anxious to be picked up, because of the possibility of rain.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But I was very happy.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Once
when I was hitching down from Murfreesboro, Tennessee two summers ago I had the
experience of kind of seeing all the way up the highway for quite a long
distance.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I didn’t exactly see over
this distance in a visual sense;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>it was
more like a sort of nerve impulse that seemed to travel out from me and up the
road at very high velocity.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I was in a
kind of altered state;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I had a two-day
mid-summer cold virus, and had just ingested a dose of this stuff called
Thera-flu.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This day was warm but rainy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The nerve impulse thing is something that I
noticed more later on than at the time it occurred.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I don’t know the purpose it may have had;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I certainly didn’t will it to go out.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It reminded me of something out of Carlos
Castaneda crossed with the aboriginal “dream-time” continuum.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Anyway, standing there in Oklahoma that day,
I felt a similar connection.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>To
something I am a part of, yet which is infinitely vaster than me.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That is aware of me and watches over me.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>After
not very long, I looked up and saw a tractor-trailer pulling over in front of
me.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I had been immersed in thought and
failed to notice if he came off the on-ramp I was at the end of, or if he was
coming down the highway.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I wasn’t
positive that he had stopped for me;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>but when I saw him getting out and opening the passenger door, I knew I
had a ride.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Jim
Gwinn is probably the nicest truck-driver I’ve ever met, maybe even one of the
nicest people I’ve ever met.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Plus, he
gave me one of the best rides I’ve ever had.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>It was one of the top ten I’ve ever had in terms of length:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>over 1,000 miles, from just west of Oklahoma
City all the way to Denver;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>and it was
one of the top five in terms of the good vibes and quality of camaraderie we
shared.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>We
travelled all through the night, cutting up from Amarillo across northeast New
Mexico, and stopping to sleep in southeast Colorado.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The force was with us as we talked at length about the state of
the world and the hidden agenda of the “new world order”;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Jim related his intuition that a lot of people
in America were getting really fed up with the overall scenario of economic
oppression and corruption in leadership.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>I shared information I had gleaned from my college town friends and my
network of “intelligentsia” cohorts.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We
agreed that a higher force exists, one who is powerful and benevolent.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We cruised beneath bridges whose clearance
was two inches lower than the height<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>of
his truck!<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>At
sunrise on Sunday I awoke to the electric cobalt blue of the Colorado sky,
after a few hours of attempted sleep on the floor of the cab, entwined with my
back-pack and the gear-shift lever.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Jim
awakened shortly, and we had breakfast in the restaurant in whose lot we had
parked.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>I
will never forget the faces of his two grand-daughters.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He had pictures of them in his wallet.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They both looked exactly like little angels
who were looking up at someone or something really brilliant.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>All of his family, wife, daughters, and
sons, and their husbands and wives, looked like extremely nice and spiritual
people.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I felt blessed.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Jim
dropped me in Denver at Colfax Avenue (the longest street in America, being
over 30 miles long), a central thoroughfare of the Mile High City and the
Banking Capital of the West (as well as “air pollution capital of the
Rockies”).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This put me to within about
a quarter-mile walk of the RTD, which in turn I rode up to Boulder.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I left him with the “Oklahoma is Twister
Country” t-shirt that Les had given me.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Jim continued on I-70 east back up to the metropolis of Brush, to visit
his sister, as he had a day off.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We had
spent about 22 hours together on the road.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>I arrived in<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Boulder around
1:30pm.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I had left Carrollton, GA
approximately 67 hours earlier;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>subtracting the time I spent hanging out with Neal and Les in Oklahoma,
my trip took about 47 hours.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>This
trip put me over the 91,000 mile mark of hitch-hiking.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I remained in Boulder for around two weeks,
assembling visual information for the upcoming tour I was to do with a local
band, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Midnight Kitchen</i>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We left on June 9 to do a tour of New
England.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I did gigs with them in
Chicago, and at the Wetlands in New York City, where they opened for an Athens
band, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Allgood</i>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I did get to “drop some NYC” for the first
time;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I got to see Manhatten and
experience a full moon with lunar eclipse on my birthday.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Due to assorted personality conflicts with
some of the band members, my intolerance of their stupidity and idiocy, and the
fact that I wasn’t getting paid, I terminated the tour and returned to Athens
in mid-June, where I have been until now, July 7.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I have been doing a lot of writing and research, particularly on
the psychology of mass-media and the “conspiracy behind conspiracy
theories.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In NYC I by chance met with
the senior vice-president of Hill&Knowlton, the world’s largest public
relations firm;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>and upon returning to
Athens, I met with a former CBS news correspondent who teaches broadcast
journalism<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>and is working to start a
college cable news network based out of UGa.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>But all this is another story entirely.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Well, not <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">entirely</i>…but another
story!<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>In
my first article on hitching in 1984 I observed that the Jungian phenomenon of <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">synchronicity</b> is a fundamental aspect
of the hitch-hiking experience.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Synchronicity, together with uncertainty, movement, and encounter,
constitute the four-fold transform operators which are the basic substrate not
only of hitching, but of life itself;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>hitch-hiking makes these phenomena more salient and brings them into
sharp focus.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Synchronicity
is essentially the temporal conjunction, or <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">simultaneity</i>,
of two or more events which are causally unrelated but whose coincidence is
meaningful to the person experiencing them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>If a June-bug flies in your hair one day and you dreamed that this
happened the night before, this would be a synchronistic phenomenon to you;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>but to anyone else, it would be a “random”,
or less meaningful event (it wouldn’t be <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">meaningless</i>
because it would still mean that a June-bug flew into your hair!).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>My
hitch-hiking excursions are laden with positive synchronistic
improbabilities;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>to me, this is
evidence of a higher intelligence at work.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Dr. John C. Lilly, whose dolphin communication group I worked with for a
while in California in the early 80’s, even refers to “God”, in this domain of
the universe, as the “Earth Coincidence Control Office”, or <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">ECCO</b>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Someone who can <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">control
coincidences</i> would surely be pretty high up there!<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>This
last trip from Athens to Boulder contained a number of synchronicities on
different levels.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>First, the fact that
Rick Longenecker recognized me from the Human Rights Festival, and that we are
both really interested not only in the psychodynamics of the emerging
socio-political “order” but also in computer applications in art, music, and
multik-media performance/presentations.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Then,
that Jim Buffington had himself hitched a lot more than me, plus the fact that
he knew all about the use of propane as a fuel, and could even do the
installation himself.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This is something
that had been on my mind quite a bit;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I
had been wondering who to talk to about actually getting conversions done.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Even though I thoroughly enjoy hitch-hiking,
I would still like to get another vehicle, for certain practical reasons, like
the transportation of musical and visual hardware…but I promised myself that I
wouldn’t get another vehicle until I could get one that didn’t burn gasoline
exclusively.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Then
there’s the weather synchronization.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Getting picked up by Doug just minutes before the bottom dropped out,
and his being nice enough to got out of his way to take me beyond the rain and
close to my sister’s house.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And Matthew
Tresp taking me extra miles to beyond the edge of the rain-fall.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>At
my sister’s house, when I was watching TV with her husband, Dave, and “In
Search Of” was all about alternative energy sources, a topic of major concern
to me (and to every other living being on Earth!).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I even took notes on this show, jotting down the names and
companies of many of the people Nimoy interviewed.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Then
the next day, when my sister dropped me off in Carrollton, Charlie Gallion
picked me up.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That morning he had just
left from the exact area in North Carolina where my folks live, Concord, the
basic area where I lived for over 20 years of my life.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Paul
Jones being the amateur archaeologist interested in Indian artefacts and
attuned to the nature spirit-energy which is the fabric that connects all
living things, taking the time to draw arrowheads for me, and offering to take
me out by the rivers where they used to live.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Neal
Brown being into the music scene, and a fellow partyer;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Les Powers being into the music scene, and a
fellow partyer and t-shirt artist/entrepreneur.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And having a shirt with a tornado on it:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I’ve never actually seen a real tornado, but
they are probably the single most recurring theme in all the dreams I’ve ever
had.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Even
Gay Jay stroking his pud had some interesting things to relate about New
Zealand;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I’ve been wanting to go to
Australia and New Zealand for several years, to visit the aboriginal shamans.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>And
“farmer Jim”, one of the nicest people I’ve ever met on the road, taking me all
the way to Denver, and having grand-daughters who look like little angels;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>their pictures spoke to me that Sunday
morning in a way that I will never forget.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>A higher presence was beaming down on us.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>This
is a partial list of the more significant synchronicities of my last trek.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>To someone who has never hitch-hiked or been
alone on the road, these connections may not seem very impressive or even
noteworthy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But when you think of the
endless array of possibilities of who <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">could</i>
pick you up, of what <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">could</i> happen, of
how unsafe and impossible hitch-hiking in the Notorious Nineties is, just how
improbable<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> is</i> it for me to meet only
really nice people, many of whom have useful and relevant information or
stories to relate, and who go out of their way to be nice to me?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The
good luck I experience on the road is evidence to me that the world is
basically a much friendlier place than most people would like to believe, and
that a higher power does indeed exist, one who watches over and cares for
people who are living in tune with the matrix of life and who are working to
bring the human race back into harmony with the forces of the cosmos we have
always been an integral part of.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>In
this document I have begun what I hope to be a book about my hitch-hiking and
travel experiences.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I have many more
stories to tell from previous trips, many more insights to share and theories
to relate concerning the cosmological and psychological dimensions of living in
a quantum-relativistic/participant-observer omniverse.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Within two days of the completion of this
essay I will be headed out once again for Colorado, hitch-hiking probably along
the same route as on this trip.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Depending
on the rides I get, I am planning this time to come up through central New Mexico
so that I can visit some friends in Santa Fe and also visit the San Cristobal
site, an unexcavated Anasazi pueblo in the Galisteo basin about 30 miles north
of Clines Corner.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This is one of the
most magical places I have ever visited;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>it feels like a window opening out into an entire other universe of
unknown but friendly forces.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>From
there I will return to Boulder for a few days, to work on some art.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Highway 285 from Santa Fe to Denver is one
of the most beautiful drives I have ever been on.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>You have the Rockies to the west and the Sangre de Christo’s to
the east;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>both are over 14,000 feet
most of the way up.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This route also
takes you right by the Great Sand Dunes national monument in southern Colorado,
one of my favourite spots anywhere.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>After
Boulder I am planning to hitch up through northern New England to Maine, then
over to Newfoundland, then to return westward, hitching across southern Canada
all the way over to Alaska.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This trek
will put me over the 100,000 mile mark.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>After this, I’ll be ready to hitch on a continent other than North
America!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I think Australia will be
next, but probably not until next year.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>I have some visiting and business to do in California first.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>I
highly recommend hitch-hiking for anyone who is feeling bored with their life,
who is suffering from chronic ennui and/or lack of appreciation for all the
things you take for granted in your normal life.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Hitching kicks the ass of any sloth or malaise;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>it puts you into sharp focus through
interfacing you with the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">real world</b>
(by definition, “the domain of possibility in which stuff you don’t like or
can’t predict can happen.”)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Hitching is
the polar opposite of sitting home watching television, vegging to election
year rhetoric, public relations propaganda, consumption persuasion and mindless
mediocrity.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Theoretically,
you can <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">go anywhere</b> and <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">do anything</b>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Even if you don’t have much money or own a vehicle.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The people who give you rides are already
going that way anyway, and I’ve yet to have a ride from anyone who expected me
to have more than a few dollars.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>People
are nice;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>you won’t starve to
death.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>You can always find some place
you want to go…Oregon, British Columbia, Idaho, Alaska, Maine…get there, find
some work, meet some people.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Get a new
life.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>As
far as you know, this is the only life you will ever have, so make something of
it instead of sitting around worrying about stupid shit and complaining about
how fucked up things are.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Get out and
see beautiful North America before we destroy it all!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Hitching is economical fuel-wise, too…when someone picks you up,
they instantly double their people-miles per gallon.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>You can even help them pay for it if you want!<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Remember:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>you are traveling through both time and
space even while you are sitting still.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>By the way, our solar system is moving toward a point in the
constellation Hercules, directly overhead in the summer sky.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If you happen to see me in the vicinity of
the Arcturan Star System with my thumb out…how about a ride?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Yes,
I do use my thumb when performing road-side solicitation of relocation
assistance!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When I’m standing at the
highway/on-ramp vertex, my right thumb becomes a sign, a symbol, an instrument,
an antenna, and a friend in this travel-oriented art, science, adventure and
exercise in interpersonal encounter and relinquishment of total control over
the immediate aspects of my situation, otherwise known as hitch-hiking!<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>In
the immortal words of J. Paul Serengeti:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">“The only thing that’s faster than
light is simultaneity.”<o:p></o:p></i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"> <o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;">p.s.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Carry a towel, read lots of Vogon poetry, use the number “42” as a
mantra…and maybe you’ll meet Zaphod Beeblebrox, president of the galaxy!<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;">Jeff
Phillips<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;">Athens
Georgia<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;">7
July 1992<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;">Earth<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"> <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;">Word
count:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>12875<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"> <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"> <o:p></o:p></p>
</div>Jeff Weffersonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16055962946869392042noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-30418363.post-20641299539329937822021-02-22T18:21:00.000-08:002021-02-22T18:21:34.829-08:00'THE COOTIE FROM ANDROMEDA'...the continuing adventures of...JEFF PHILLIPS :)<p style="text-align: center;"> <br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-cpqtCgVfAEc/YDRlk0XvecI/AAAAAAAAMkE/cxnMT7t-_aInemIeeRZjrLK38axws6UVQCLcBGAsYHQ/s504/LORAX.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="504" data-original-width="504" height="320" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-cpqtCgVfAEc/YDRlk0XvecI/AAAAAAAAMkE/cxnMT7t-_aInemIeeRZjrLK38axws6UVQCLcBGAsYHQ/s320/LORAX.jpg" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><b>THE COOTIE FROM ANDROMEDA</b></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">"I was over at the airport just the other day<br />When I saw a little cootie crawling on the run-way.<br />I said 'Mr.Cootie, may I give you a hand?'<br />He said 'That would be lovely, you're kind for a man...<br /><br />I've come from Andromeda, it's a bit of a strain,<br />My mission to Mars was all in vain<br />When my craft was side-swiped by Elon's satellite,<br />Forcing my landing in New Zealand tonight.<br /><br />Take me to your leader. That's what you could do...'<br />But Orange was busy, and Scomo, too...<br />So I took him to Jacinda thinking she'd understand<br />This microbial being from a distant land..."</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">"Now Bill and Jacinda were already seated, and<br />Mr. Cootie was handsomely greeted, <br />With a mask and some spray and some hand-sanitizer,<br />The mask from Monsanto and the spray from Pfizer.<br /><br />"By Jove" said Jacinda, "you've no hands but six feet...<br />Some foot disinfectant and you'll be sweet..."<br />"And a jab from my vax, to make sure you stay well,<br />You won't feel a thing, and it probably won't swell...<br /><br />The Pope's coming soon, we must confess, <br />We'll hand out some towels, it could be a mess!<br />'Don't Covid thy neighbour's wife', he said,<br />'And if you don't take the jab you're as good as dead!'<br /><br />Bill rose from his chair, oozing ecto-chagrin,<br />"Mr. Cootie, Jacinda, now let us begin...<br />It's come to our attention that you're not from here,<br />Mr. Cootie, your home, is it far or near?"<br /><br />"I come from a planet, a star far away,<br />In a distant galaxy like your Milky Way.<br />A world of oceans and whales, and guess what?<br />You call her Andromeda, but the strain I am not."<br /><br />But they'd seen the movie and read the book,<br />And hypochondriacally started feeling quite crook.<br />Jacinda said 'Let's impose a lock-down', <br />And Bill said "Let's pass the vax-jabs around!"<br /><br />"Now hold it right there! Let me give you the facts.<br />I guess you should know I'm the Son of Lorax.<br />My dear darling dad came to Earth long ago<br />A Truffula-tree perma-culture forest to grow...<br /><br />But Gates clan ancestors chopped them all down but one,<br />Left to try to survive in the hot desert sun.<br />Like my dad, they're from <em>Thalion</em> in the <em>Arcturan</em> system,<br />And when they were gone all the folks really missed 'em!<br /><br />We've no chip on our shoulders, nor axes to grind.<br /><em>Au contraire</em>, we're forgiving, and besides you will find<br />That the steps we have taken since our Truffula demise<br />Have helped to make Mother Earth healthy and wise.<br /><br />Wealthy's for you, if you know what I mean.<br />Your philanthrogenics has yet to be seen<br />To be anything more than a global blight,<br />A rich-man's conspiracy-parasite.<br /><br />I'll pass on the jab, but thanks just the same.<br />As you may suspect, I'm aware of your game.<br />My dad taught me well, and his Truffula-love<br />Lives on through me, yes, I've come from above.<br /><br />My craft was shot down by Elon's space probe,<br />And a neura-link chip for my frontal lobe<br />Was deftly deflected and rendered inert,<br />And his AI suppository failed to insert!<br /><br />My mission to Mars has prioritization,<br />To fend off invasive colonization<br />By Musk, and D.A.R.P.A. and <a data-cke-saved-href="https://mailchi.mp/006187711ebe/on-the-brink-radio-335-infecting-mars-contaminating-the-helio-cosm-operation-frankenseed-exo-toxicity-and-playing-godkakadu-whalesca-fires" href="https://mailchi.mp/006187711ebe/on-the-brink-radio-335-infecting-mars-contaminating-the-helio-cosm-operation-frankenseed-exo-toxicity-and-playing-godkakadu-whalesca-fires" target="_blank">Franken-steel</a>,<br />To whose over-lord malice we'll never kneel.<br /><br />Yes, my dad taught me well, your agenda, you see<br />Is clear as a bell and transparent to me:<br />Your kill-juice cocktail for world vaccination<br />Is no more than a weapon for depopulation.<br /><br />GMO guinea pigs are who life's become,<br />Vaxy-jab poisons for most, but some<br />May receive merely saline with their nano-ID,<br />To become the drone-slaves of the Gates family.<br /><br />You invited me here as I've come from afar,<br />From the system of an unpronounceable star.<br />Your goal: to have an experimental E.T...<br />Who comes from out there and looks quite like ME!"<br /><br />Bill lunged with his drag-net, his shiny steel trap,<br />But Cootie was on it, and avoided mishap<br />By beaming himself to his craft, now repaired,<br />To head for Mars. Jacinda just stared<br /><br />At her smart-phone as she gave an address<br />To the sheeple on how her lock-downs progress.<br />Bill was irate, and feeling unwell,<br />As he'd lost his one chance to try, do tell<br /><br />His brand new GMO D.A.R.P.A. joy juice<br />On Earth's first E.T., who somehow got loose!<br />He opted instead to try it himself,<br />So he fired it right up, saying 'HERE'S TO HEALTH!' "<br /><strong><br /></strong></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><strong><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"> (to be continued...)</span><br /></strong></div><p></p>Jeff Weffersonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16055962946869392042noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-30418363.post-29870944858570303702021-01-10T12:56:00.004-08:002021-01-10T12:56:46.859-08:002020 IN HINDSIGHT: EXIT STAGE LEFT...30 MILLION LIGHT YEARS FROM REALITY AND CLOSING FAST/SURFING WITH THE RETARD<p style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-2z7FhLkc790/X_tp4R2Ur5I/AAAAAAAAMiM/YOd0HNUGHfAVMEBZ-5rRZlESsbdsRPmaQCLcBGAsYHQ/s336/retard.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="296" data-original-width="336" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-2z7FhLkc790/X_tp4R2Ur5I/AAAAAAAAMiM/YOd0HNUGHfAVMEBZ-5rRZlESsbdsRPmaQCLcBGAsYHQ/s320/retard.gif" width="320" /></a></p><p style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-b9-KXEcW7hE/X_tprE5FwKI/AAAAAAAAMiE/5Z_OlfJUi0Q6mJPGGhf-LFW70j2iF-iOQCLcBGAsYHQ/s750/0%2B%2B5G%2B49726512_2367119213306366_6538101630913478656_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="642" data-original-width="750" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-b9-KXEcW7hE/X_tprE5FwKI/AAAAAAAAMiE/5Z_OlfJUi0Q6mJPGGhf-LFW70j2iF-iOQCLcBGAsYHQ/s320/0%2B%2B5G%2B49726512_2367119213306366_6538101630913478656_n.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><p></p>Jeff Weffersonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16055962946869392042noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-30418363.post-56840522873122963502020-05-28T18:15:00.004-07:002020-05-30T03:31:04.959-07:00'LOST IN THE COSMOS', PART ONE of 'A SHORT HISTORY OF NEARLY EVERYTHING', BILL BRYSON (2003)<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-cznuSRQv0b4/XtBiDTNDqbI/AAAAAAAAMUk/3D0paJ0uRZEjFLY9k_385cQ8u7CbpyvBACLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/vpa9NXy_aRXJPk-ArndUQFdaUGDkNJAWkypWtBLDsYw.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="540" data-original-width="960" height="225" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-cznuSRQv0b4/XtBiDTNDqbI/AAAAAAAAMUk/3D0paJ0uRZEjFLY9k_385cQ8u7CbpyvBACLcBGAsYHQ/s400/vpa9NXy_aRXJPk-ArndUQFdaUGDkNJAWkypWtBLDsYw.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b>WE ARE HERE :)</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b><br /></b></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b><br /></b></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b><a href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780965738408">https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780965738408</a></b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div class="p1">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">PART I <b>LOST IN THE COSMOS </b></span></div>
<div class="p1">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="p2">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">They’re all in the same plane. </span></b></div>
<div class="p2">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">They’re all going around in the </span></b></div>
<div class="p2">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">same direction. . . . It’s perfect, </span></b></div>
<div class="p2">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">you know. It’s gorgeous. It’s </span></b></div>
<div class="p2">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">almost uncanny. </span></b></div>
<div class="p2">
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Astronomer Geoffrey Marcy </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span class="s1"><b>1 </b></span><b>HOW TO BUILD A UNIVERSE </b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">NO MATTER HOW hard you try you will never be able to grasp just how tiny, how spatially unassuming, is a proton. It is just way too small.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">A proton is an infinitesimal part of an atom, which is itself of course an insubstantial thing. Protons are so small that a little dib of ink like the dot on this <i>i </i>can hold something in the region of 500,000,000,000 of them, rather more than the number of seconds contained in half a million years. So protons are exceedingly microscopic, to say the very least. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Now imagine if you can (and of course you can’t) shrinking one of those protons down to a billionth of its normal size into a space so small that it would make a proton look enormous. Now pack into that tiny, tiny space about an ounce of matter. Excellent. You are ready to start a universe. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">I’m assuming of course that you wish to build an inflationary universe. If you’d prefer instead to build a more old-fashioned, standard Big Bang universe, you’ll need additional materials. In fact, you will need to gather up everything there is every last mote and particle of matter between here and the edge of creation and squeeze it into a spot so infinitesimally compact that it has no dimensions at all. It is known as a singularity. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">In either case, get ready for a really big bang. Naturally, you will wish to retire to a safe place to observe the spectacle. Unfortunately, there is nowhere to retire to because outside the singularity there is no <i>where</i>. When the universe begins to expand, it won’t be spreading out to fill a larger emptiness. The only space that exists is the space it creates as it goes. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">It is natural but wrong to visualize the singularity as a kind of pregnant dot hanging in a dark, boundless void. But there is no space, no darkness. The singularity has no “around” around it. There is no space for it to occupy, no place for it to be. We can’t even ask how long it has been there—whether it has just lately popped into being, like a good idea, or whether it has been there forever, quietly awaiting the right moment. Time doesn’t exist. There is no past for it to emerge from.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">And so, from nothing, our universe begins. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">In a single blinding pulse, a moment of glory much too swift and expansive for any form of words, the singularity assumes heavenly dimensions, space beyond conception. In the first lively second (a second that many cosmologists will devote careers to shaving into ever-finer wafers) is produced gravity and the other forces that govern physics. In less than a minute the universe is a million billion miles across and growing fast. There is a lot of heat now, ten billion degrees of it, enough to begin the nuclear reactions that create the lighter elements—principally hydrogen and helium, with a dash (about one atom in a hundred million) of lithium. In three minutes, 98 percent of all the matter there is or will ever be has been produced. We have a universe. It is a place of the most wondrous and gratifying possibility, and beautiful, too. And it was all done in about the time it takes to make a sandwich. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">When this moment happened is a matter of some debate. Cosmologists have long argued over whether the moment of creation was 10 billion years ago or twice that or something in between. The consensus seems to be heading for a figure of about 13.7 billion years, but these things are notoriously difficult to measure, as we shall see further on. All that can really be said is that at some indeterminate point in the very distant past, for reasons unknown, there came the moment known to science as <i>t </i>= 0. We were on our way. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">There is of course a great deal we don’t know, and much of what we think we know we haven’t known, or thought we’ve known, for long. Even the notion of the Big Bang is quite a recent one. The idea had been kicking around since the 1920s, when Georges Lemaître, a Belgian priest-scholar, first tentatively proposed it, but it didn’t really become an active notion in cosmology until the mid-1960s when two young radio astronomers made an extraordinary and inadvertent discovery.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Their names were Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson. In 1965, they were trying to make use of a large communications antenna owned by Bell Laboratories at Holmdel, New Jersey, but they were troubled by a persistent background noise—a steady, steamy hiss that made any experimental work impossible. The noise was unrelenting and unfocused. It came from every point in the sky, day and night, through every season. For a year the young astronomers did everything they could think of to track down and eliminate the noise. They tested every electrical system. They rebuilt instruments, checked circuits, wiggled wires, dusted plugs. They climbed into the dish and placed duct tape over every seam and rivet. They climbed back into the dish with brooms and scrubbing brushes and carefully swept it clean of what they referred to in a later paper as “white dielectric material,” or what is known more commonly as bird shit. Nothing they tried worked. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Unknown to them, just thirty miles away at Princeton University, a team of scientists led by Robert Dicke was working on how to find the very thing they were trying so diligently to get rid of. The Princeton researchers were pursuing an idea that had been suggested in the 1940s by the Russian-born astrophysicist George Gamow that if you looked deep enough into space you should find some cosmic background radiation left over from the Big Bang. Gamow calculated that by the time it crossed the vastness of the cosmos, the radiation would reach Earth in the form of microwaves. In a more recent paper he had even suggested an instrument that might do the job: the Bell antenna at Holmdel. Unfortunately, neither Penzias and Wilson, nor any of the Princeton team, had read Gamow’s paper. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The noise that Penzias and Wilson were hearing was, of course, the noise that Gamow had postulated. They had found the edge of the universe, or at least the visible part of it, 90 billion trillion miles away. They were “seeing” the first photons—the most ancient light in the universe—though time and distance had converted them to microwaves, just as Gamow had predicted. In his book <i>The Inflationary Universe </i>, Alan Guth provides an analogy that helps to put this finding in perspective. If you think of peering into the depths of the universe as like looking down from the hundredth floor of the Empire State Building (with the hundredth floor representing now and street level representing the moment of the Big Bang), at the time of Wilson and Penzias’s discovery the most distant galaxies anyone had ever detected were on about the sixtieth floor, and the most distant things—quasars—were on about the twentieth. Penzias and Wilson’s finding pushed our acquaintance with the visible universe to within half an inch of the sidewalk. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Still unaware of what caused the noise, Wilson and Penzias phoned Dicke at Princeton and described their problem to him in the hope that he might suggest a solution. Dicke realized at once what the two young men had found. “Well, boys, we’ve just been scooped,” he told his colleagues as he hung up the phone. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Soon afterward the <i>Astrophysical Journal </i>published two articles: one by Penzias and Wilson describing their experience with the hiss, the other by Dicke’s team explaining its nature. Although Penzias and Wilson had not been looking for cosmic background radiation, didn’t know what it was when they had found it, and hadn’t described or interpreted its character in any paper, they received the 1978 Nobel Prize in physics. The Princeton researchers got only sympathy. According to Dennis Overbye in <i>Lonely Hearts of the Cosmos </i>, neither Penzias nor Wilson altogether understood the significance of what they had found until they read about it in the <i>New York Times </i>. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Incidentally, disturbance from cosmic background radiation is something we have all experienced. Tune your television to any channel it doesn’t receive, and about 1 percent of the dancing static you see is accounted for by this ancient remnant of the Big Bang. The next time you complain that there is nothing on, remember that you can always watch the birth of the universe. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Although everyone calls it the Big Bang, many books caution us not to think of it as an explosion in the conventional sense. It was, rather, a vast, sudden expansion on a whopping scale. So what caused it? </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">One notion is that perhaps the singularity was the relic of an earlier, collapsed universe—that we’re just one of an eternal cycle of expanding and collapsing universes, like the bladder on an oxygen machine. Others attribute the Big Bang to what they call “a false vacuum” or “a scalar field” or “vacuum energy”— some quality or thing, at any rate, that introduced a measure of instability into the nothingness that was. It seems impossible that you could get something from nothing, but the fact that once there was nothing and now there is a universe is evident proof that you can. It may be that our universe is merely part of many larger universes, some in different dimensions, and that Big Bangs are going on all the time all over the place. Or it may be that space and time had some other forms altogether before the Big Bang—forms too alien for us to imagine—and that the Big Bang represents some sort of transition phase, where the universe went from a form we can’t understand to one we almost can. “These are very close to religious questions,” Dr. Andrei Linde, a cosmologist at Stanford, told the <i>New York Times </i>in 2001. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The Big Bang theory isn’t about the bang itself but about what happened after the bang. Not long after, mind you. By doing a lot of math and watching carefully what goes on in particle accelerators, scientists believe they can look back to 10<span class="s1"><sup>-43 </sup></span>seconds after the moment of creation, when the universe was still so small that you would have needed a microscope to find it. We mustn’t swoon over every extraordinary number that comes before us, but it is perhaps worth latching on to one from time to time just to be reminded of their ungraspable and amazing breadth. Thus 10<span class="s1"><sup>-43</sup></span>is 0.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000001, or one 10 million trillion trillion trillionths of a second.<span class="s1"><sup>* </sup></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><i>*A word on scientific notation: Since very large numbers are cumbersome to write and nearly impossible to read, scientists use a shorthand involving powers (or multiples) of ten in which, for instance, 10,000,000,000 is written 1010 and 6,500,000 becomes 6.5 x 106. The principle is based very simply on multiples of ten: 10 x 10 (or 100) becomes 102; 10 x 10 x 10 (or 1,000) is 103; and so on, obviously and indefinitely. The little superscript number signifies the number of zeroes following the larger principal number. Negative notations provide latter in print (especially essentially a mirror image, with the superscript number indicating the number of spaces to the right of the decimal point (so 10-4 means 0.0001). Though I salute the principle, it remains an amazement to me that anyone seeing "1.4 x 109 km3’ would see at once that that signifies 1.4 </i></span><i><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">billion cubic kilometers, and no less a wonder that they would choose the former over the in a book designed for the general reader, where the example was found). On the assumption that many general readers are as unmathematical as I am, I will use them sparingly, though they are occasionally unavoidable, not least in a chapter dealing with things on a cosmic scale.</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> </span></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Most of what we know, or believe we know, about the early moments of the universe is thanks to an idea called inflation theory first propounded in 1979 by a junior particle physicist, then at Stanford, now at MIT, named Alan Guth. He was thirty-two years old and, by his own admission, had never done anything much before. He would probably never have had his great theory except that he happened to attend a lecture on the Big Bang given by none other than Robert Dicke. The lecture inspired Guth to take an interest in cosmology, and in particular in the birth of the universe.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The eventual result was the inflation theory, which holds that a fraction of a moment after the dawn of creation, the universe underwent a sudden dramatic expansion. It inflated—in effect ran away with itself, doubling in size every 10<span class="s1"><sup>-34</sup></span>seconds. The whole episode may have lasted no more than 10<span class="s1"><sup>-30</sup></span>seconds—that’s one million million million million millionths of a second—but it changed the universe from something you could hold in your hand to something at least 10,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 times bigger. Inflation theory explains the ripples and eddies that make our universe possible. Without it, there would be no clumps of matter and thus no stars, just drifting gas and everlasting darkness. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">According to Guth’s theory, at one ten-millionth of a trillionth of a trillionth of a trillionth of a second, gravity emerged. After another ludicrously brief interval it was joined by electromagnetism and the strong and weak nuclear forces—the stuff of physics. These were joined an instant later by swarms of elementary particles—the stuff of stuff. From nothing at all, suddenly there were swarms of photons, protons, electrons, neutrons, and much else—between 10<span class="s1"><sup>79</sup></span>and 10<span class="s1"><sup>89</sup></span>of each, according to the standard Big Bang theory.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Such quantities are of course ungraspable. It is enough to know that in a single cracking instant we were endowed with a universe that was vast—at least a hundred billion light-years across, according to the theory, but possibly any size up to infinite—and perfectly arrayed for the creation of stars, galaxies, and other complex systems. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">What is extraordinary from our point of view is how well it turned out for us. If the universe had formed just a tiny bit differently—if gravity were fractionally stronger or weaker, if the expansion had proceeded just a little more slowly or swiftly—then there might never have been stable elements to make you and me and the ground we stand on. Had gravity been a trifle stronger, the universe itself might have collapsed like a badly erected tent, without precisely the right values to give it the right dimensions and density and component parts. Had it been weaker, however, nothing would have coalesced. The universe would have remained forever a dull, scattered void. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">This is one reason that some experts believe there may have been many other big bangs, perhaps trillions and trillions of them, spread through the mighty span of eternity, and that the reason we exist in this particular one is that this is one we <i>could </i>exist in. As Edward P. Tryon of Columbia University once put it: “In answer to the question of why it happened, I offer the modest proposal that our Universe is simply one of those things which happen from time to time.” To which adds Guth: “Although the creation of a universe might be very unlikely, Tryon emphasized that no one had counted the failed attempts.” </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Martin Rees, Britain’s astronomer royal, believes that there are many universes, possibly an infinite number, each with different attributes, in different combinations, and that we simply live in one that combines things in the way that allows us to exist. He makes an analogy with a very large clothing store: “If there is a large stock of clothing, you’re not surprised to find a suit that fits. If there are many universes, each governed by a differing set of numbers, there will be one where there is a particular set of numbers suitable to life. We are in that one.” </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Rees maintains that six numbers in particular govern our universe, and that if any of these values were changed even very slightly things could not be as they are. For example, for the universe to exist as it does requires that hydrogen be converted to helium in a precise but comparatively stately manner—specifically, in a way that converts seven one-thousandths of its mass to energy. Lower that value very slightly—from 0.007 percent to 0.006 percent, say—and no transformation could take place: the universe would consist of hydrogen and nothing else. Raise the value very slightly—to 0.008 percent—and bonding would be so wildly prolific that the hydrogen would long since have been exhausted. In either case, with the slightest tweaking of the numbers the universe as we know and need it would not be here. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">I should say that everything is just right <i>so far</i>. In the long term, gravity may turn out to be a little too strong, and one day it may halt the expansion of the universe and bring it collapsing in upon itself, till it crushes itself down into another singularity, possibly to start the whole process over again. On the other hand it may be too weak and the universe will keep racing away forever until everything is so far apart that there is no chance of material interactions, so that the universe becomes a place that is inert and dead, but very roomy. The third option is that gravity is just right—“critical density” is the cosmologists’ term for it—and that it will hold the universe together at just the right dimensions to allow things to go on indefinitely. Cosmologists in their lighter moments sometimes call this the Goldilocks effect—that everything is just right. (For the record, these three possible universes are known respectively as closed, open, and flat.) </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Now the question that has occurred to all of us at some point is: what would happen if you traveled out to the edge of the universe and, as it were, put your head through the curtains? Where would your head <i>be </i>if it were no longer in the universe? What would you find beyond? The answer, disappointingly, is that you can never get to the edge of the universe. That’s not because it would take too long to get there—though of course it would—but because even if you traveled outward and outward in a straight line, indefinitely and pugnaciously, you would never arrive at an outer boundary. Instead, you would come back to where you began (at which point, presumably, you would rather lose heart in the exercise and give up). The reason for this is that the universe bends, in a way we can’t adequately imagine, in conformance with Einstein’s theory of relativity (which we will get to in due course). For the moment it is enough to know that we are not adrift in some large, ever-expanding bubble. Rather, space curves, in a way that allows it to be boundless but finite. Space cannot even properly be said to be expanding because, as the physicist and Nobel laureate Steven Weinberg notes, “solar systems and galaxies are not expanding, and space itself is not expanding.” Rather, the galaxies are rushing apart. It is all something of a challenge to intuition. Or as the biologist J. B. S. Haldane once famously observed: “The universe is not only queerer than we suppose; it is queerer than we can suppose.”</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The analogy that is usually given for explaining the curvature of space is to try to imagine someone from a universe of flat surfaces, who had never seen a sphere, being brought to Earth. No matter how far he roamed across the planet’s surface, he would never find an edge. He might eventually return to the spot where he had started, and would of course be utterly confounded to explain how that had happened. Well, we are in the same position in space as our puzzled flatlander, only we are flummoxed by a higher dimension. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Just as there is no place where you can find the edge of the universe, so there is no place where you can stand at the center and say: “This is where it all began. This is the centermost point of it all.” We are <i>all </i>at the center of it all. Actually, we don’t know that for sure; we can’t prove it mathematically. Scientists just assume that we can’t really be the center of the universe—think what that would imply—but that the phenomenon must be the same for all observers in all places. Still, we don’t actually know.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">For us, the universe goes only as far as light has traveled in the billions of years since the universe was formed. This visible universe—the universe we know and can talk about—is a million million million million (that’s 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000) miles across. But according to most theories the universe at large—the meta-universe, as it is sometimes called—is vastly roomier still. According to Rees, the number of light-years to the edge of this larger, unseen universe would be written not “with ten zeroes, not even with a hundred, but with millions.” In short, there’s more space than you can imagine already without going to the trouble of trying to envision some additional beyond. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">For a long time the Big Bang theory had one gaping hole that troubled a lot of people—namely that it couldn’t begin to explain how we got here. Although 98 percent of all the matter that exists was created with the Big Bang, that matter consisted exclusively of light gases: the helium, hydrogen, and lithium that we mentioned earlier. Not one particle of the heavy stuff so vital to our own being—carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and all the rest—emerged from the gaseous brew of creation. But—and here’s the troubling point—to forge these heavy elements, you need the kind of heat and energy of a Big Bang. Yet there has been only one Big Bang and it didn’t produce them. So where did they come from? </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Interestingly, the man who found the answer to that question was a cosmologist who heartily despised the Big Bang as a theory and coined the term “Big Bang” sarcastically, as a way of mocking it. We’ll get to him shortly, but before we turn to the question of how we got here, it might be worth taking a few minutes to consider just where exactly “here” is. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b><a href="http://dolphinmatrix.com/Jeff">'SUN-LIFE' JEFF PHILLIPS (1993)</a></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span class="s1"><b>2 </b></span><b>WELCOME TO THE SOLAR SYSTEM </b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">ASTRONOMERS THESE DAYS can do the most amazing things. If someone struck a match on the Moon, they could spot the flare. From the tiniest throbs and wobbles of distant stars they can infer the size and character and even potential habitability of planets much too remote to be seen—planets so distant that it would take us half a million years in a spaceship to get there. With their radio telescopes they can capture wisps of radiation so preposterously faint that the <i>total </i>amount of energy collected from outside the solar system by all of them together since collecting began (in 1951) is “less than the energy of a single snowflake striking the ground,” in the words of Carl Sagan.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">In short, there isn’t a great deal that goes on in the universe that astronomers can’t find when they have a mind to. Which is why it is all the more remarkable to reflect that until 1978 no one had ever noticed that Pluto has a moon. In the summer of that year, a young astronomer named James Christy at the U.S. Naval Observatory in Flagstaff, Arizona, was making a routine examination of photographic images of Pluto when he saw that there was something there—something blurry and uncertain but definitely other than Pluto. Consulting a colleague named Robert Harrington, he concluded that what he was looking at was a moon. And it wasn’t just any moon. Relative to the planet, it was the biggest moon in the solar system. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">This was actually something of a blow to Pluto’s status as a planet, which had never been terribly robust anyway. Since previously the space occupied by the moon and the space occupied by Pluto were thought to be one and the same, it meant that Pluto was much smaller than anyone had supposed—smaller even than Mercury. Indeed, seven moons in the solar system, including our own, are larger.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Now a natural question is why it took so long for anyone to find a moon in our own solar system. The answer is that it is partly a matter of where astronomers point their instruments and partly a matter of what their instruments are designed to detect, and partly it’s just Pluto. Mostly it’s where they point their instruments. In the words of the astronomer Clark Chapman: “Most people think that astronomers get out at night in observatories and scan the skies. That’s not true. Almost all the telescopes we have in the world are designed to peer at very tiny little pieces of the sky way off in the distance to see a quasar or hunt for black holes or look at a distant galaxy. The only real network of telescopes that scans the skies has been designed and built by the military.” </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">We have been spoiled by artists’ renderings into imagining a clarity of resolution that doesn’t exist in actual astronomy. Pluto in Christy’s photograph is faint and fuzzy—a piece of cosmic lint—and its moon is not the romantically backlit, crisply delineated companion orb you would get in a <i>National Geographic </i>painting, but rather just a tiny and extremely indistinct hint of additional fuzziness. Such was the fuzziness, in fact, that it took seven years for anyone to spot the moon again and thus independently confirm its existence. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">One nice touch about Christy’s discovery was that it happened in Flagstaff, for it was there in 1930 that Pluto had been found in the first place. That seminal event in astronomy was largely to the credit of the astronomer Percival Lowell. Lowell, who came from one of the oldest and wealthiest Boston families (the one in the famous ditty about Boston being the home of the bean and the cod, where Lowells spoke only to Cabots, while Cabots spoke only to God), endowed the famous observatory that bears his name, but is most indelibly remembered for his belief that Mars was covered with canals built by industrious Martians for purposes of conveying water from polar regions to the dry but productive lands nearer the equator. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Lowell’s other abiding conviction was that there existed, somewhere out beyond Neptune, an undiscovered ninth planet, dubbed Planet X. Lowell based this belief on irregularities he detected in the orbits of Uranus and Neptune, and devoted the last years of his life to trying to find the gassy giant he was certain was out there. Unfortunately, he died suddenly in 1916, at least partly exhausted by his quest, and the search fell into abeyance while Lowell’s heirs squabbled over his estate. However, in 1929, partly as a way of deflecting attention away from the Mars canal saga (which by now had become a serious embarrassment), the Lowell Observatory directors decided to resume the search and to that end hired a young man from Kansas named Clyde Tombaugh. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Tombaugh had no formal training as an astronomer, but he was diligent and he was astute, and after a year’s patient searching he somehow spotted Pluto, a faint point of light in a glittery firmament. It was a miraculous find, and what made it all the more striking was that the observations on which Lowell had predicted the existence of a planet beyond Neptune proved to be comprehensively erroneous. Tombaugh could see at once that the new planet was nothing like the massive gasball Lowell had postulated, but any reservations he or anyone else had about the character of the new planet were soon swept aside in the delirium that attended almost any big news story in that easily excited age. This was the first American-discovered planet, and no one was going to be distracted by the thought that it was really just a distant icy dot. It was named Pluto at least partly because the first two letters made a monogram from Lowell’s initials. Lowell was posthumously hailed everywhere as a genius of the first order, and Tombaugh was largely forgotten, except among planetary astronomers, who tend to revere him.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">A few astronomers continue to think there may be a Planet X out there—a real whopper, perhaps as much as ten times the size of Jupiter, but so far out as to be invisible to us. (It would receive so little sunlight that it would have almost none to reflect.) The idea is that it wouldn’t be a conventional planet like Jupiter or Saturn—it’s much too far away for that; we’re talking perhaps 4.5 trillion miles—but more like a sun that never quite made it. Most star systems in the cosmos are binary (double-starred), which makes our solitary sun a slight oddity.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">As for Pluto itself, nobody is quite sure how big it is, or what it is made of, what kind of atmosphere it has, or even what it really is. A lot of astronomers believe it isn’t a planet at all, but merely the largest object so far found in a zone of galactic debris known as the Kuiper belt. The Kuiper belt was actually theorized by an astronomer named F. C. Leonard in 1930, but the name honors Gerard Kuiper, a Dutch native working in America, who expanded the idea. The Kuiper belt is the source of what are known as short-period comets—those that come past pretty regularly—of which the most famous is Halley’s comet. The more reclusive long-period comets (among them the recent visitors Hale-Bopp and Hyakutake) come from the much more distant Oort cloud, about which more presently. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">It is certainly true that Pluto doesn’t act much like the other planets. Not only is it runty and obscure, but it is so variable in its motions that no one can tell you exactly where Pluto will be a century hence. Whereas the other planets orbit on more or less the same plane, Pluto’s orbital path is tipped (as it were) out of alignment at an angle of seventeen degrees, like the brim of a hat tilted rakishly on someone’s head. Its orbit is so irregular that for substantial periods on each of its lonely circuits around the Sun it is closer to us than Neptune is. For most of the 1980s and 1990s, Neptune was in fact the solar system’s most far-flung planet. Only on February 11, 1999, did Pluto return to the outside lane, there to remain for the next 228 years. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">So if Pluto really is a planet, it is certainly an odd one. It is very tiny: just one-quarter of 1 percent as massive as Earth. If you set it down on top of the United States, it would cover not quite half the lower forty-eight states. This alone makes it extremely anomalous; it means that our planetary system consists of four rocky inner planets, four gassy outer giants, and a tiny, solitary iceball. Moreover, there is every reason to suppose that we may soon begin to find other even larger icy spheres in the same portion of space. Then we <i>will </i>have problems. After Christy spotted Pluto’s moon, astronomers began to regard that section of the cosmos more attentively and as of early December 2002 had found over six hundred additional Trans-Neptunian Objects, or Plutinos as they are alternatively called. One, dubbed Varuna, is nearly as big as Pluto’s moon. Astronomers now think there may be billions of these objects. The difficulty is that many of them are awfully dark. Typically they have an albedo, or reflectiveness, of just 4 percent, about the same as a lump of charcoal—and of course these lumps of charcoal are about four billion miles away. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">And how far is that exactly? It’s almost beyond imagining. Space, you see, is just enormous—just enormous. Let’s imagine, for purposes of edification and entertainment, that we are about to go on a journey by rocketship. We won’t go terribly far—just to the edge of our own solar system—but we need to get a fix on how big a place space is and what a small part of it we occupy.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Now the bad news, I’m afraid, is that we won’t be home for supper. Even at the speed of light, it would take seven hours to get to Pluto. But of course we can’t travel at anything like that speed. We’ll have to go at the speed of a spaceship, and these are rather more lumbering. The best speeds yet achieved by any human object are those of the <i>Voyager 1 </i>and<i>2 </i>spacecraft, which are now flying away from us at about thirty-five thousand miles an hour. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The reason the <i>Voyager </i>craft were launched when they were (in August and September 1977) was that Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune were aligned in a way that happens only once every 175 years. This enabled the two <i>Voyagers </i>to use a “gravity assist” technique in which the craft were successively flung from one gassy giant to the next in a kind of cosmic version of “crack the whip.” Even so, it took them nine years to reach Uranus and a dozen to cross the orbit of Pluto. The good news is that if we wait until January 2006 (which is when NASA’s <i>New Horizons </i>spacecraft is tentatively scheduled to depart for Pluto) we can take advantage of favorable Jovian positioning, plus some advances in technology, and get there in only a decade or so—though getting home again will take rather longer, I’m afraid. At all events, it’s going to be a long trip. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Now the first thing you are likely to realize is that space is extremely well named and rather dismayingly uneventful. Our solar system may be the liveliest thing for trillions of miles, but all the visible stuff in it—the Sun, the planets and their moons, the billion or so tumbling rocks of the asteroid belt, comets, and other miscellaneous drifting detritus—fills less than a trillionth of the available space. You also quickly realize that none of the maps you have ever seen of the solar system were remotely drawn to scale. Most schoolroom charts show the planets coming one after the other at neighborly intervals—the outer giants actually cast shadows over each other in many illustrations—but this is a necessary deceit to get them all on the same piece of paper. Neptune in reality isn’t just a little bit beyond Jupiter, it’s way beyond Jupiter—five times farther from Jupiter than Jupiter is from us, so far out that it receives only 3 percent as much sunlight as Jupiter.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Such are the distances, in fact, that it isn’t possible, in any practical terms, to draw the solar system to scale. Even if you added lots of fold-out pages to your textbooks or used a really long sheet of poster paper, you wouldn’t come close. On a diagram of the solar system to scale, with Earth reduced to about the diameter of a pea, Jupiter would be over a thousand feet away and Pluto would be a mile and a half distant (and about the size of a bacterium, so you wouldn’t be able to see it anyway). On the same scale, Proxima Centauri, our nearest star, would be almost ten thousand miles away. Even if you shrank down everything so that Jupiter was as small as the period at the end of this sentence, and Pluto was no bigger than a molecule, Pluto would still be over thirty-five feet away. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">So the solar system is really quite enormous. By the time we reach Pluto, we have come so far that the Sun—our dear, warm, skin-tanning, life-giving Sun—has shrunk to the size of a pinhead. It is little more than a bright star. In such a lonely void you can begin to understand how even the most significant objects—Pluto’s moon, for example—have escaped attention. In this respect, Pluto has hardly been alone. Until the <i>Voyager </i>expeditions, Neptune was thought to have two moons; <i>Voyager </i>found six more. When I was a boy, the solar system was thought to contain thirty moons. The total now is “at least ninety,” about a third of which have been found in just the last ten years.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The point to remember, of course, is that when considering the universe at large we don’t actually know what is in our own solar system. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Now the other thing you will notice as we speed past Pluto is that we are speeding past Pluto. If you check your itinerary, you will see that this is a trip to the edge of our solar system, and I’m afraid we’re not there yet. Pluto may be the last object marked on schoolroom charts, but the system doesn’t end there. In fact, it isn’t even close to ending there. We won’t get to the solar system’s edge until we have passed through the Oort cloud, a vast celestial realm of drifting comets, and we won’t reach the Oort cloud for another—I’m so sorry about this—ten thousand years. Far from marking the outer edge of the solar system, as those schoolroom maps so cavalierly imply, Pluto is barely one-fifty-thousandth of the way. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Of course we have no prospect of such a journey. A trip of 240,000 miles to the Moon still represents a very big undertaking for us. A manned mission to Mars, called for by the first President Bush in a moment of passing giddiness, was quietly dropped when someone worked out that it would cost $450 billion and probably result in the deaths of all the crew (their DNA torn to tatters by high-energy solar particles from which they could not be shielded).</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Based on what we know now and can reasonably imagine, there is absolutely no prospect that any human being will ever visit the edge of our own solar system—ever. It is just too far. As it is, even with the Hubble telescope, we can’t see even into the Oort cloud, so we don’t actually know that it is there. Its existence is probable but entirely hypothetical.<span class="s1"><sup>* </sup></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">About all that can be said with confidence about the Oort cloud is that it starts somewhere beyond Pluto and stretches some two light-years out into the cosmos. The basic unit of measure in the solar system is the Astronomical Unit, or AU, representing the distance from</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><i><span class="s2"><sup>* </sup></span>Properly called the Opik-Oort cloud, it is named for the Estonian astronomer Ernst Opik, who hypothesized its existence in 1932, and for the Dutch astronomer Jan Oort, who refined the calculations eighteen years later. <span class="s3"> </span></i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">the Sun to the Earth. Pluto is about forty AUs from us, the heart of the Oort cloud about fifty thousand. In a word, it is remote. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">But let’s pretend again that we have made it to the Oort cloud. The first thing you might notice is how very peaceful it is out here. We’re a long way from anywhere now—so far from our own Sun that it’s not even the brightest star in the sky. It is a remarkable thought that that distant tiny twinkle has enough gravity to hold all these comets in orbit. It’s not a very strong bond, so the comets drift in a stately manner, moving at only about 220 miles an hour. From time to time some of these lonely comets are nudged out of their normal orbit by some slight gravitational perturbation—a passing star perhaps. Sometimes they are ejected into the emptiness of space, never to be seen again, but sometimes they fall into a long orbit around the Sun. About three or four of these a year, known as long-period comets, pass through the inner solar system. Just occasionally these stray visitors smack into something solid, like Earth. That’s why we’ve come out here now—because the comet we have come to see has just begun a long fall toward the center of the solar system. It is headed for, of all places, Manson, Iowa. It is going to take a long time to get there—three or four million years at least—so we’ll leave it for now, and return to it much later in the story. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">So that’s your solar system. And what else is out there, beyond the solar system? Well, nothing and a great deal, depending on how you look at it. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">In the short term, it’s nothing. The most perfect vacuum ever created by humans is not as empty as the emptiness of interstellar space. And there is a great deal of this nothingness until you get to the next bit of something. Our nearest neighbor in the cosmos, Proxima Centauri, which is part of the three-star cluster known as Alpha Centauri, is 4.3 light-years away, a sissy skip in galactic terms, but that is still a hundred million times farther than a trip to the Moon. To reach it by spaceship would take at least twenty-five thousand years, and even if you made the trip you still wouldn’t be anywhere except at a lonely clutch of stars in the middle of a vast nowhere. To reach the next landmark of consequence, Sirius, would involve another 4.6 light-years of travel. And so it would go if you tried to star-hop your way across the cosmos. Just reaching the center of our own galaxy would take far longer than we have existed as beings. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Space, let me repeat, is enormous. The average distance between stars out there is 20 million million miles. Even at speeds approaching those of light, these are fantastically challenging distances for any traveling individual. Of course, it is <i>possible </i>that alien beings travel billions of miles to amuse themselves by planting crop circles in Wiltshire or frightening the daylights out of some poor guy in a pickup truck on a lonely road in Arizona (they must have teenagers, after all), but it does seem unlikely. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Still, statistically the probability that there are other thinking beings out there is good. Nobody knows how many stars there are in the Milky Way—estimates range from 100 billion or so to perhaps 400 billion—and the Milky Way is just one of 140 billion or so other galaxies, many of them even larger than ours. In the 1960s, a professor at Cornell named Frank Drake, excited by such whopping numbers, worked out a famous equation designed to calculate the chances of advanced life in the cosmos based on a series of diminishing probabilities. Under Drake’s equation you divide the number of stars in a selected portion of the universe by the number of stars that are likely to have planetary systems; divide that by the number of planetary systems that could theoretically support life; divide that by the number on which life, having arisen, advances to a state of intelligence; and so on. At each such division, the number shrinks colossally—yet even with the most conservative inputs the number of advanced civilizations just in the Milky Way always works out to be somewhere in the millions.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">What an interesting and exciting thought. We may be only one of millions of advanced civilizations. Unfortunately, space being spacious, the average distance between any two of these civilizations is reckoned to be at least two hundred light-years, which is a great deal more than merely saying it makes it sound. It means for a start that even if these beings know we are here and are somehow able to see us in their telescopes, they’re watching light that left Earth two hundred years ago. So they’re not seeing you and me. They’re watching the French Revolution and Thomas Jefferson and people in silk stockings and powdered wigs—people who don’t know what an atom is, or a gene, and who make their electricity by rubbing a rod of amber with a piece of fur and think that’s quite a trick. Any message we receive from them is likely to begin “Dear Sire,” and congratulate us on the handsomeness of our horses and our mastery of whale oil. Two hundred light-years is a distance so far beyond us as to be, well, just beyond us. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">So even if we are not really alone, in all practical terms we are. Carl Sagan calculated the number of probable planets in the universe at large at 10 billion trillion—a number vastly beyond imagining. But what is equally beyond imagining is the amount of space through which they are lightly scattered. “If we were randomly inserted into the universe,” Sagan wrote, “the chances that you would be on or near a planet would be less than one in a billion trillion trillion.” (That’s 10<span class="s1"><sup>33</sup></span>, or a one followed by thirty-three zeroes.) “Worlds are precious.” </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Which is why perhaps it is good news that in February 1999 the International Astronomical Union ruled officially that Pluto is a planet. The universe is a big and lonely place. We can do with all the neighbors we can get. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b><a href="http://dolphinmatrix.com/Jeff">'MAGELLANIC DREAMING' JEFF PHILLIPS (2006)</a></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span class="s1"><b>3 </b></span><b>THE REVEREND EVANS’S UNIVERSE </b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">WHEN THE SKIES are clear and the Moon is not too bright, the Reverend Robert Evans, a quiet and cheerful man, lugs a bulky telescope onto the back deck of his home in the Blue Mountains of Australia, about fifty miles west of Sydney, and does an extraordinary thing. He looks deep into the past and finds dying stars. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Looking into the past is of course the easy part. Glance at the night sky and what you see is history and lots of it—the stars not as they are now but as they were when their light left them. For all we know, the North Star, our faithful companion, might actually have burned out last January or in 1854 or at any time since the early fourteenth century and news of it just hasn’t reached us yet. The best we can say—can ever say—is that it was still burning on this date 680 years ago. Stars die all the time. What Bob Evans does better than anyone else who has ever tried is spot these moments of celestial farewell. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">By day, Evans is a kindly and now semiretired minister in the Uniting Church in Australia, who does a bit of freelance work and researches the history of nineteenth-century religious movements. But by night he is, in his unassuming way, a titan of the skies. He hunts supernovae.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Supernovae occur when a giant star, one much bigger than our own Sun, collapses and then spectacularly explodes, releasing in an instant the energy of a hundred billion suns, burning for a time brighter than all the stars in its galaxy. “It’s like a trillion hydrogen bombs going off at once,” says Evans. If a supernova explosion happened within five hundred light-years of us, we would be goners, according to Evans—“it would wreck the show,” as he cheerfully puts it. But the universe is vast, and supernovae are normally much too far away to harm us. In fact, most are so unimaginably distant that their light reaches us as no more than the faintest twinkle. For the month or so that they are visible, all that distinguishes them from the other stars in the sky is that they occupy a point of space that wasn’t filled before. It is these anomalous, very occasional pricks in the crowded dome of the night sky that the Reverend Evans finds.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">To understand what a feat this is, imagine a standard dining room table covered in a black tablecloth and someone throwing a handful of salt across it. The scattered grains can be thought of as a galaxy. Now imagine fifteen hundred more tables like the first one—enough to fill a Wal-Mart parking lot, say, or to make a single line two miles long—each with a random array of salt across it. Now add one grain of salt to any table and let Bob Evans walk among them. At a glance he will spot it. That grain of salt is the supernova.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Evans’s is a talent so exceptional that Oliver Sacks, in <i>An Anthropologist on Mars</i>, devotes a passage to him in a chapter on autistic savants—quickly adding that “there is no suggestion that he is autistic.” Evans, who has not met Sacks, laughs at the suggestion that he might be either autistic or a savant, but he is powerless to explain quite where his talent comes from. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">“I just seem to have a knack for memorizing star fields,” he told me, with a frankly apologetic look, when I visited him and his wife, Elaine, in their picture-book bungalow on a tranquil edge of the village of Hazelbrook, out where Sydney finally ends and the boundless Australian bush begins. “I’m not particularly good at other things,” he added. “I don’t remember names well.” </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">“Or where he’s put things,” called Elaine from the kitchen. He nodded frankly again and grinned, then asked me if I’d like to see his telescope. I had imagined that Evans would have a proper observatory in his backyard—a scaled-down version of a Mount Wilson or Palomar, with a sliding domed roof and a mechanized chair that would be a pleasure to maneuver. In fact, he led me not outside but to a crowded storeroom off the kitchen where he keeps his books and papers and where his telescope—a white cylinder that is about the size and shape of a household hot-water tank—rests in a homemade, swiveling plywood mount. When he wishes to observe, he carries them in two trips to a small deck off the kitchen. Between the overhang of the roof and the feathery tops of eucalyptus trees growing up from the slope below, he has only a letter-box view of the sky, but he says it is more than good enough for his purposes. And there, when the skies are clear and the Moon not too bright, he finds his supernovae. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The term <i>supernova </i>was coined in the 1930s by a memorably odd astrophysicist named Fritz Zwicky. Born in Bulgaria and raised in Switzerland, Zwicky came to the California Institute of Technology in the 1920s and there at once distinguished himself by his abrasive personality and erratic talents. He didn’t seem to be outstandingly bright, and many of his colleagues considered him little more than “an irritating buffoon.” A fitness buff, he would often drop to the floor of the Caltech dining hall or other public areas and do one-armed pushups to demonstrate his virility to anyone who seemed inclined to doubt it. He was notoriously aggressive, his manner eventually becoming so intimidating that his closest collaborator, a gentle man named Walter Baade, refused to be left alone with him. Among other things, Zwicky accused Baade, who was German, of being a Nazi, which he was not. On at least one occasion Zwicky threatened to kill Baade, who worked up the hill at the Mount Wilson Observatory, if he saw him on the Caltech campus.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">But Zwicky was also capable of insights of the most startling brilliance. In the early 1930s, he turned his attention to a question that had long troubled astronomers: the appearance in the sky of occasional unexplained points of light, new stars. Improbably he wondered if the neutron—the subatomic particle that had just been discovered in England by James Chadwick, and was thus both novel and rather fashionable—might be at the heart of things. It occurred to him that if a star collapsed to the sort of densities found in the core of atoms, the result would be an unimaginably compacted core. Atoms would literally be crushed together, their electrons forced into the nucleus, forming neutrons. You would have a neutron star. Imagine a million really weighty cannonballs squeezed down to the size of a marble and—well, you’re still not even close. The core of a neutron star is so dense that a single spoonful of matter from it would weigh 200 billion pounds. A spoonful! But there was more. Zwicky realized that after the collapse of such a star there would be a huge amount of energy left over—enough to make the biggest bang in the universe. He called these resultant explosions supernovae. They would be—they are—the biggest events in creation.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">On January 15, 1934, the journal <i>Physical Review </i>published a very concise abstract of a presentation that had been conducted by Zwicky and Baade the previous month at Stanford University. Despite its extreme brevity—one paragraph of twenty-four lines—the abstract contained an enormous amount of new science: it provided the first reference to supernovae and to neutron stars; convincingly explained their method of formation; correctly calculated the scale of their explosiveness; and, as a kind of concluding bonus, connected supernova explosions to the production of a mysterious new phenomenon called cosmic rays, which had recently been found swarming through the universe. These ideas were revolutionary to say the least. Neutron stars wouldn’t be confirmed for thirty-four years. The cosmic rays notion </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">though considered plausible, hasn’t been verified yet. Altogether, the abstract was, in the words of Caltech astrophysicist Kip S. Thorne, “one of the most prescient documents in the history of physics and astronomy.”</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Interestingly, Zwicky had almost no understanding of why any of this would happen. According to Thorne, “he did not understand the laws of physics well enough to be able to substantiate his ideas.” Zwicky’s talent was for big ideas. Others—Baade mostly—were left to do the mathematical sweeping up.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Zwicky also was the first to recognize that there wasn’t nearly enough visible mass in the universe to hold galaxies together and that there must be some other gravitational influence—what we now call dark matter. One thing he failed to see was that if a neutron star shrank enough it would become so dense that even light couldn’t escape its immense gravitational pull. You would have a black hole. Unfortunately, Zwicky was held in such disdain by most of his colleagues that his ideas attracted almost no notice. When, five years later, the great Robert Oppenheimer turned his attention to neutron stars in a landmark paper, he made not a single reference to any of Zwicky’s work even though Zwicky had been working for years on the same problem in an office just down the hall. Zwicky’s deductions concerning dark matter wouldn’t attract serious attention for nearly four decades. We can only assume that he did a lot of pushups in this period.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Surprisingly little of the universe is visible to us when we incline our heads to the sky. Only about 6,000 stars are visible to the naked eye from Earth, and only about 2,000 can be seen from any one spot. With binoculars the number of stars you can see from a single location rises to about 50,000, and with a small two-inch telescope it leaps to 300,000. With a sixteen-inch telescope, such as Evans uses, you begin to count not in stars but in galaxies. From his deck, Evans supposes he can see between 50,000 and 100,000 galaxies, each containing tens of billions of stars. These are of course respectable numbers, but even with so much to take in, supernovae are extremely rare. A star can burn for billions of years, but it dies just once and quickly, and only a few dying stars explode. Most expire quietly, like a campfire at dawn. In a typical galaxy, consisting of a hundred billion stars, a supernova will occur on average once every two or three hundred years. Finding a supernova therefore was a little bit like standing on the observation platform of the Empire State Building with a telescope and searching windows around Manhattan in the hope of finding, let us say, someone lighting a twenty-first-birthday cake.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">So when a hopeful and softspoken minister got in touch to ask if they had any usable field charts for hunting supernovae, the astronomical community thought he was out of his mind. At the time Evans had a ten-inch telescope—a very respectable size for amateur stargazing but hardly the sort of thing with which to do serious cosmology—and he was proposing to find one of the universe’s rarer phenomena. In the whole of astronomical history before Evans started looking in 1980, fewer than sixty supernovae had been found. (At the time I visited him, in August of 2001, he had just recorded his thirty-fourth visual discovery; a thirty-fifth followed three months later and a thirty-sixth in early 2003.)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Evans, however, had certain advantages. Most observers, like most people generally, are in the northern hemisphere, so he had a lot of sky largely to himself, especially at first. He also had speed and his uncanny memory. Large telescopes are cumbersome things, and much of their operational time is consumed with being maneuvered into position. Evans could swing his little sixteen-inch telescope around like a tail gunner in a dogfight, spending no more than a couple of seconds on any particular point in the sky. In consequence, he could observe perhaps four hundred galaxies in an evening while a large professional telescope would be lucky to do fifty or sixty.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Looking for supernovae is mostly a matter of not finding them. From 1980 to 1996 he averaged two discoveries a year—not a huge payoff for hundreds of nights of peering and peering. Once he found three in fifteen days, but another time he went three years without finding any at all.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">“There is actually a certain value in not finding anything,” he said. “It helps cosmologists to work out the rate at which galaxies are evolving. It’s one of those rare areas where the absence of evidence <i>is </i>evidence.” </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">On a table beside the telescope were stacks of photos and papers relevant to his pursuits, and he showed me some of them now. If you have ever looked through popular astronomical publications, and at some time you must have, you will know that they are generally full of richly luminous color photos of distant nebulae and the like—fairy-lit clouds of celestial light of the most delicate and moving splendor. Evans’s working images are nothing like that. They are just blurry black-and-white photos with little points of haloed brightness. One he showed me depicted a swarm of stars with a trifling flare that I had to put close to my face to see. This, Evans told me, was a star in a constellation called Fornax from a galaxy known to astronomy as NGC1365. (NGC stands for New General Catalogue, where these things are recorded. Once it was a heavy book on someone’s desk in Dublin; today, needless to say, it’s a database.) For sixty million silent years, the light from the star’s spectacular demise traveled unceasingly through space until one night in August of 2001 it arrived at Earth in the form of a puff of radiance, the tiniest brightening, in the night sky. It was of course Robert Evans on his eucalypt-scented hillside who spotted it.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">“There’s something satisfying, I think,” Evans said, “about the idea of light traveling for millions of years through space and <i>just </i>at the right moment as it reaches Earth someone looks at the right bit of sky and sees it. It just seems right that an event of that magnitude should be witnessed.” </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Supernovae do much more than simply impart a sense of wonder. They come in several types (one of them discovered by Evans) and of these one in particular, known as a Ia supernova, is important to astronomy because it always explodes in the same way, with the same critical mass. For this reason it can be used as a standard candle to measure the expansion rate of the universe. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">In 1987 Saul Perlmutter at the Lawrence Berkeley lab in California, needing more Ia supernovae than visual sightings were providing, set out to find a more systematic method of searching for them. Perlmutter devised a nifty system using sophisticated computers and charge-coupled devices—in essence, really good digital cameras. It automated supernova hunting. Telescopes could now take thousands of pictures and let a computer detect the telltale bright spots that marked a supernova explosion. In five years, with the new technique, Perlmutter and his colleagues at Berkeley found forty-two supernovae. Now even amateurs are finding supernovae with charge-coupled devices. “With CCDs you can aim a telescope at the sky and go watch television,” Evans said with a touch of dismay. “It took all the romance out of it.” </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">I asked him if he was tempted to adopt the new technology. “Oh, no,” he said, “I enjoy my way too much. Besides”—he gave a nod at the photo of his latest supernova and smiled—“I can still beat them sometimes.”</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The question that naturally occurs is “What would it be like if a star exploded nearby?” Our nearest stellar neighbor, as we have seen, is Alpha Centauri, 4.3 light-years away. I had imagined that if there were an explosion there we would have 4.3 years to watch the light of this magnificent event spreading across the sky, as if tipped from a giant can. What would it be like if we had four years and four months to watch an inescapable doom advancing toward us, knowing that when it finally arrived it would blow the skin right off our bones? Would people still go to work? Would farmers plant crops? Would anyone deliver them to the stores? </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Weeks later, back in the town in New Hampshire where I live, I put these questions to John Thorstensen, an astronomer at Dartmouth College. “Oh no,” he said, laughing. “The news of such an event travels out at the speed of light, but so does the destructiveness, so you’d learn about it and die from it in the same instant. But don’t worry because it’s not going to happen.” </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">For the blast of a supernova explosion to kill you, he explained, you would have to be “ridiculously close”—probably within ten light-years or so. “The danger would be various types of radiation—cosmic rays and so on.” These would produce fabulous auroras, shimmering curtains of spooky light that would fill the whole sky. This would not be a good thing. Anything potent enough to put on such a show could well blow away the magnetosphere, the magnetic zone high above the Earth that normally protects us from ultraviolet rays and other cosmic assaults. Without the magnetosphere anyone unfortunate enough to step into sunlight would pretty quickly take on the appearance of, let us say, an overcooked pizza. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The reason we can be reasonably confident that such an event won’t happen in our corner of the galaxy, Thorstensen said, is that it takes a particular kind of star to make a supernova in the first place. A candidate star must be ten to twenty times as massive as our own Sun and “we don’t have anything of the requisite size that’s that close. The universe is a mercifully big place.” The nearest likely candidate he added, is Betelgeuse, whose various sputterings have for years suggested that something interestingly unstable is going on there. But Betelgeuse is fifty thousand light-years away.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Only half a dozen times in recorded history have supernovae been close enough to be visible to the naked eye. One was a blast in 1054 that created the Crab Nebula. Another, in 1604, made a star bright enough to be seen during the day for over three weeks. The most recent was in 1987, when a supernova flared in a zone of the cosmos known as the Large Magellanic Cloud, but that was only barely visible and only in the southern hemisphere—and it was a comfortably safe 169,000 light-years away.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Supernovae are significant to us in one other decidedly central way. Without them we wouldn’t be here. You will recall the cosmological conundrum with which we ended the first chapter—that the Big Bang created lots of light gases but no heavy elements. Those came later, but for a very long time nobody could figure out <i>how </i>they came later. The problem was that you needed something really hot—hotter even than the middle of the hottest stars—to forge carbon and iron and the other elements without which we would be distressingly immaterial. Supernovae provided the explanation, and it was an English cosmologist almost as singular in manner as Fritz Zwicky who figured it out. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">He was a Yorkshireman named Fred Hoyle. Hoyle, who died in 2001, was described in an obituary in <i>Nature </i>as a “cosmologist and controversialist” and both of those he most certainly was. He was, according to <i>Nature </i>’s obituary, “embroiled in controversy for most of his life” and “put his name to much rubbish.” He claimed, for instance, and without evidence, that the Natural History Museum’s treasured fossil of an Archaeopteryx was a forgery along the lines of the Piltdown hoax, causing much exasperation to the museum’s paleontologists, who had to spend days fielding phone calls from journalists from all over the world. He also believed that Earth was not only seeded by life from space but also by many of its diseases, such as influenza and bubonic plague, and suggested at one point that humans evolved projecting noses with the nostrils underneath as a way of keeping cosmic pathogens from falling into them.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">It was he who coined the term “Big Bang,” in a moment of facetiousness, for a radio broadcast in 1952. He pointed out that nothing in our understanding of physics could account for why everything, gathered to a point, would suddenly and dramatically begin to expand. Hoyle favored a steady-state theory in which the universe was constantly expanding and continually creating new matter as it went. Hoyle also realized that if stars imploded they would liberate huge amounts of heat—100 million degrees or more, enough to begin to generate the heavier elements in a process known as nucleosynthesis. In 1957, working with others, Hoyle showed how the heavier elements were formed in supernova explosions. For this work, W. A. Fowler, one of his collaborators, received a Nobel Prize. Hoyle, shamefully, did not. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">According to Hoyle’s theory, an exploding star would generate enough heat to create all the new elements and spray them into the cosmos where they would form gaseous clouds—the interstellar medium as it is known—that could eventually coalesce into new solar systems. With the new theories it became possible at last to construct plausible scenarios for how we got here. What we now think we know is this: </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">About 4.6 billion years ago, a great swirl of gas and dust some 15 billion miles across accumulated in space where we are now and began to aggregate. Virtually all of it—99.9 percent of the mass of the solar system—went to make the Sun. Out of the floating material that was left over, two microscopic grains floated close enough together to be joined by electrostatic forces. This was the moment of conception for our planet. All over the inchoate solar system, the same was happening. Colliding dust grains formed larger and larger clumps. Eventually the clumps grew large enough to be called planetesimals. As these endlessly bumped and collided, they fractured or split or recombined in endless random permutations, but in every encounter there was a winner, and some of the winners grew big enough to dominate the orbit around which they traveled.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">It all happened remarkably quickly. To grow from a tiny cluster of grains to a baby planet some hundreds of miles across is thought to have taken only a few tens of thousands of years. In just 200 million years, possibly less, the Earth was essentially formed, though still molten and subject to constant bombardment from all the debris that remained floating about.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">At this point, about 4.5 billion years ago, an object the size of Mars crashed into Earth, blowing out enough material to form a companion sphere, the Moon. Within weeks, it is thought, the flung material had reassembled itself into a single clump, and within a year it had formed into the spherical rock that companions us yet. Most of the lunar material, it is thought, came from the Earth’s crust, not its core, which is why the Moon has so little iron while we have a lot. The theory, incidentally, is almost always presented as a recent one, but in fact it was first proposed in the 1940s by Reginald Daly of Harvard. The only recent thing about it is people paying any attention to it.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">When Earth was only about a third of its eventual size, it was probably already beginning to form an atmosphere, mostly of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, methane, and sulfur. Hardly the sort of stuff that we would associate with life, and yet from this noxious stew life formed. Carbon dioxide is a powerful greenhouse gas. This was a good thing because the Sun was significantly dimmer back then. Had we not had the benefit of a greenhouse effect, the Earth might well have frozen over permanently, and life might never have gotten a toehold. But somehow life did. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">For the next 500 million years the young Earth continued to be pelted relentlessly by comets, meteorites, and other galactic debris, which brought water to fill the oceans and the components necessary for the successful formation of life. It was a singularly hostile environment and yet somehow life got going. Some tiny bag of chemicals twitched and became animate. We were on our way. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Four billion years later people began to wonder how it had all happened. And it is there that our story next takes us. </span></div>
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Jeff Weffersonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16055962946869392042noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-30418363.post-71578511564827835162020-05-13T17:16:00.002-07:002020-05-13T17:16:36.260-07:00'FROM THALION, WITH LOVE' JEFF PHILLIPS (1989) Chapter 13, 'Vlad's 'near-religious' experience' :)<div style="text-align: center;">
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>J.PAUL SERENGETI ON THE BRINK,</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>GRAND CANYON, 1993</b></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">FROM THALION, WITH LOVE<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">CHAPTER THIRTEEN:
<i>"Vlad's 'near-religious'
experience"<o:p></o:p></i></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b><u>NOTE:</u></b><b>
This is a chapter from a comedy science-fiction novel I wrote in
Colorado in 1989 which takes place in a near-future world which has been
illuminated by the "megaflash."
Free-lance intelligence agent J. Paul Serengeti and Arcturan cyber-chick
Jane-bot la Wig join forces to combat the insidious Infotoxin Command, or
INFOCOM, led by Prime Minister of Infotoxin Vladischlock Skrulusky and his
super-computer PAL. In this chapter we
glimpse the inner workings of a personality acutely distorted from multiple
hyper-moons of professional infotoxicity and rectose addiction, as Vlad
recounts a molecularly-induced "near religious experience" which he
had never spoken of before…or since.<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> Meanwhile, on Recton, Vlad and Jorve had just arrived
with a contingent of associates, technicians, and other assorted mutants. They had come not only for a short vacation,
but also to conduct a surprise inspection of the spore incubation facilities. In addition, they planned to meet the first
generation of the Mark III sporeborgs, who were just coming on-line. These marvels of genetic engineering and
state-of-the-art biotechnology had been created by Igtorpian subgenii with the
assistance of an interstellar network of PAL-12000 computers. This network of solid-state hardware
functioned as if it had one discrete mind, even though it consisted of several
tens of separate systems. And this mind
was, of course, PAL.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> One PAL was more than enough, Vlad had thought more than
once. But, he realized, without good
old PAL and all his peripheral hard- and software, Vlad and his entire INFOCOM
would be little more important than, well, than a mere unengineered and
unmutated biological life-form. Whole, healthy,
unengineered and unmutated biological life-forms were totally meaningless to
Igtorpians and agents of INFOCOM. In
fact, they were regarded as heinous atrocities.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> The brand-spanking new Mark III sporeborgs were truly
wonders of contemporary craftsmanship.
Originally conceived as house-hold pets and visiting guests for each
Igtorpian family unit, their primary function was to chant "Look out for
Number One!" early each morning, and to cash the monthly checks received
by each and every citizen of Igtorp, thereby relieving the Reptocrats of the
undue stress of having to fulfill these demanding duties, and lightening the
burden of their oppressive existence, affording them greater leisure for
form-filling and lava-bathing.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> The sporeborgs quite closely resembled actual
cyber-homunculi in structure and function, being almost indistinguishable from
the real thing except under surgical conditions. What they really were, rather than one living being or a mutation
thereof, was a macro-conglomeration of individual spores of assorted species
which joined together for the express purpose of resembling actual
cyber-homunculi in structure and function, much the same as Shikastan
mitochondria were believed by A.HuM. zoologists to have been independent,
individual, free-swimming oceanic entities in the millions of epochs A.HuM.,
which, in later stages of history joined together in colonial structures to
form multicellular organisms, remaining within each cell of said organisms to
perform the strategic and highly significant functions of transducing energy
from assimilated molecules into a form usable by the cellular systems of the
organism. Or something like that. At any rate, the new sporeborgs were hard to
tell from a real hominid.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> Vlad, although having long ago decided to import several
of the new Mark III's for residence at INFOCOM headquarters, to perform various
clerical, entertainment, and reproductive functions, had recently hit upon a
hot new idea which could be his ticket
to the paradise of hyper-glam, fame, and fortune, as well as increased
respect in the optical sensors of his superiors. He planned to obtain several additional sporeborg units and train
them as radical search-and-destroy field agents who he would send to find
Jane-bot and J. Paul. "God knows
where they might be," he often reflected.
"Not even PAL and his multiple/peripheral selves can help me on
this one." If Vlad could bring
them in, unharmed but subservient, there was no telling what his reward might
be. He could probably have anything he
wanted: an entire ARMY of slaves and
servants to cater to his every fantasy and desire; as much rectose as he could possibly assimilate intravenously
and/or export to alien star-systems.
Megatons, perhaps. Or even…and
he hesitated even to think this thought because it represented what was perhaps
his very deepest fantasy…to own his very own rectose manufacturing
facility. Maybe even his own planet.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> Vlad could hardly be expected to know that rectose was
not a manufactured substance, but was in actuality a living and conscious
entity which grew under its own volition, being a product of sporozoic basal
metabolism.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> "Look, Jorve.
Isn't it beautiful? Just look at
those long rows of fission-powered incubators.
Such a soothing orange glow.
Such wonderful Sporezak. We must
have the happiest spores in the cosmos, dontcha think?"<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> "Well, I guess.
But to be honest, I'm much more impressed by the new sporeborgs. They surely are awesomely indistinguishable
from real cyber-homunculi. I still
don't see how they do it. Those
Igtorpian genetic engineers must be true subgenii. Ya know, it's too bad we can't engineer spores to make
rectose. Wouldn't that be
something? With spores that made
rectose, we could rule the universe."<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> Little did they kn</span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">ow.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> "Say, Jorve, wanna do some rectose? I could use a blast."<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> "Sure, but how much do we have? I don't want to be left high and dry
half-way through our visit to Recton.
You know as well as I do that it's not easy to score any molecules of
any kind here, much less pure rectose.
These Igtorpians like their forms and their lava, but they're not much
on molecule abuse."<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> Right you are, but guess the fuck what? Not only did I bring 13 kilo's of uncut
stuff, I'm also having several gigagrams shipped via United Phase Resonance
Node Parcel Service. That should be
here any micro-light-parsec. And, hey,
I've got a little surprise for you, too.
Have you ever done any rectolax?"<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> "Dude. You
don't have any of THAT do you? God,
it's been ages. But, yes, I think I did
do some once. I was out of my mind,
partying in a club on Ozma. The
Cogithir, I believe it was called.
Happening spot. Anyway, though,
I was doing multiple molecule abuse that night, so I can't really remember the
specific effect of the rectolax itself.
I was higher than an ion-plasma exchange, though."<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> "Jorve, I didn't know you were one for multiple
molecule abuse."<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> "Well, it's not something I practice more often than
every few hyper-moons. How about
yourself? You have quite a reputation
in partying circles, ya know?"<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> Vlad paused in a silent but momentary trance.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> "Ya know, Jorve, I've never talked about this to
anyone before, but since you're an admitted and fellow multipe molecule abuser,
I guess I can open up.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> About 2.5 light-parsecs ago I was travelling incognito on
an undercover mission to Planet Claire.
I was really bored, and was just hanging out in my hotel room one
night. I decided to really go for it, and
amp out the old CNS. So I booted about
3 kilo's of rectose plus around 45cc's of 30-weight high-detergent 40-molar
nitric acid directly into my jugular vein.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> I just sat there for several minutes, expecting an
instantaneous effect. Then, all of a
sudden my palms started to get all cold and sweaty. I started to convulse as if I were having a <i>grand mal</i> seizure. My teeth
were chattering and my jaw was clinching like a Rimulakian mind-vice. 'This is going to be great' I thought to
myself. Soon, I began to puke up
several liters of blood and mucus, and vast quantities of pus gushed out of my
ears. My stomach felt like it was tied
in several high-pressure Gordian knots.
I noticed that my limbs and appendages were very stiff, and my skin was
a greenish-gray hue. When I moved,
which I could do in an erratic and spasmodic way, my joints creaked as if they
were made of rusted tin which needed a serious lube job.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> And this was only the first five seconds of getting
off! I was ready for the time of my
life.</span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">I managed to get in front of the
bathroom mirror.</span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">My eyes were bulging
out of their sockets;</span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">they looked like
the pressure behind them was about 650psi.</span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">
</span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">My lips were pinkish-green, and all dried and cracked, just like the
surface of the baked hemisphere of Igtorp.</span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">
</span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">My tongue had become forked, and it felt like 80-grit sandpaper, only
with</span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">hairs growing out of it.</span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">And it was darting in and out of my mouth at
a frequency of approximately 6 hertz.</span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">I
remember thinking at this moment 'Gee, Linda Blair would be jealous!'</span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">I was also committing first-order flatulence
at around 120dB.</span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The aroma resembled a
cross between butyric acid, paving asphalt, and Chanel No.-0.3.</span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">I was flying.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> Now, Jorve, this was predominantly a physical trip, if
you know what I mean. After the pus
stopped gushing out of my ears, thick, black smoke started billowing out of
them. I glanced down at my hands. My nails had grown into long metallic
scalpels, except that my thumbs had become hyperdermic syringes about 3cm in
diameter, with 30-gauge needles. The
thumb syringes were filling with a dark, viscous liquid. I looked back in the mirror. My face was covered with scales, and my
teeth were long and pointed. My upper
canines were over 4cm long, and dripping with a phlegm-like fluid. Awesome.
Also, a stringy yellow substance with adhesive qualities was flowing out
of my nostrils into my continuously-open mouth, and my darting tongue
involuntarily lapped it in. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Yummy!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> When I could no longer stand, I fell to the floor,
writhinig in an unsurpassed spasm of ecstatic transcendence. My entire body was covered with long hairs,
only they were made of a high-tensile metallic substance, and sparks shot out
of the tip of each one.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> I felt like I was having several simultaneous
hyper-orgasms. I drooled, as my eyes
rolled back in my head. It felt as
though bolts of powerful lightning were discharging throughout my entire
nervous system. And I somehow noticed
that the hairs on my head were standing on end, as if I were gripping a fully
charged Tesla coil.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> At this point I was sort of drifting in and out of
consciousness. The purely physical
aspects of the trip, while still strong, began to give way to a more ethereal
experience. I found myself floating
over a sort of impressionistic daydream landscape of bombed ruins and
factories, of slum-like villages and industrial facilities. At the edge of the structures was a vast
plain of seething calderas of molten lava, just like on Igtorp. The sky was beautiful: reddish-orange clouds reflecting the light
from the molten rock below. The clouds
seemed to have a pH of around, say 0.7:
very pleasing to the eyes and mucus membranes!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> As I was losing the remnants of my memory and identity, I
wondered to myself what I had ever done to deserve such wonderful
transcendental experiences. To whom did
I owe allegiance for such a vast and magnanimous reward? I was kind of fading in and out of assorted
fantasies when I began to hear a voice calling to me. It sounded like PAL, but the syntonic pharyngeal modulations were
of a different quality.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> Then, all of a sudden, I was jerked from my reverie, and
I found myself seated at a very sophisticated-looking control console of some
kind of computer. I sat in brief
bewilderment. Utilizing my
scalpel-nailed fingers, I entered what I believed to be a kind of universal
disencryption logon which I believed would access the operational capacities of
the system. Even though I had no idea
whatsoever what I was really doing.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> In a brilliant flash of light, my own countenance
appeared on the monitor. I was
awe-struck. I had never believed myself
to be quite so handsome. I looked pretty much the same as before, only
moreso. When I peered down into the
back of my throat, I could see the same reddish-orange glow which illuminated
the clouds of Igtorp. My tongue, while
still articulating the adhesive strands, was licking my entire facial
topology. It felt good. I was a veritable demigod of physical
beauty. I also became aware that my
large and small intestines were undergoing rapid-fire peristalsis at close to
Mach 3. And my anal sphincter was
alternately squeezing down to a pinhole, and dilating to the diameter of a
medium-sized grapefruit.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> I was wondering what to enter into the computer
next, when a mighty voice issued forth
from deep within its circuitry.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> "What the fuck do you want, Jack?"<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> Totally dumbfounded, I reeled in amazement. My name wasn't Jack, was it? My mind felt all flibberty-gibberty. My cognitional functions were askew. But before I had time to engage myself in a
problem-solving dialectic, it spoke again.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> "OK, Jack, you have ten seconds to enter your BIG
REQUEST. You have one chance to ask for
anything you want, and it shall be granted.
But HURRY THE FUCK UP, OK? I'm
really busy."<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> "Um…um…….let's see…Um…I've got it! I would like to see the MASTER PLAN for
control and domination of the intergalactic spore market. Is that an appro…"<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> "One moment, please. On-line processing.
Loading. Cyber-scan
operative…"<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> And then, in another brilliant flash of light, a most
amazing sequence of images and schematics, of data and blueprints, of facts,
figures, numbers, strange and indecipherable hieroglyphs, rows and columns,
little pictures, cuneiform-looking things, notations, strange patterns, anomalous
instructions, strategic encryptions, and assorted other forms of information began
to stream forth and past my optical sensors, on the monitor screen.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> And then it was over.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> "See ya, Jack.
It's been real."<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> I had just seen the for-real MASTER PLAN for the control
and domination of the intergalactic spore market. In about 18 seconds. I
couldn't remember a thing. It all blew
by so fast, I consciously comprehended absolutely nothing.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">"Oh, computer, or whoever you are, um, I have
another question.</span></div>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><div style="text-align: center;">
"Shoot, dude. But make it snappy. My computational capacity is about
spent."</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> "Um, I can't seem to remember any of the MASTER PLAN
you just showed me."<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> "So?"<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> "Well, how can I implement it if I can't remember
it?"<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> "Get a clue, Jack.
All you asked for was to SEE it, remember?"<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> "But…but…"<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> "Listen, I'll make a DEAL with you, Jack. If at some future point in your life you can
manage to make it back here, to the central Hadean core, then I'll grant you
one further request. Just ask for a
PREFRONTAL CORTICAL IMPLANT. This will
enable you to enhance your cognitional abilities enough so you might be able to
understand the MASTER PLAN. I'll just
add that you are not the first to request fhis information. In fact, several others actually have
it…"<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> "But computer, who are they?"<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> "Sorry, Jack.
Make it back again, ask another question. Your time's up."<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> And in a third brilliant flash of light I found myself
lying on the floor of my hotel room on Planet Claire, dazed, confused, totally
back to my pre-injection self, and feeling about as happy as if someone had
dumped the entire universal supply of rectose into a caldera of molten
lava. Plus, I had an insatiable craving
for a big bowl of Igtorpian homunculus butter.
But I knew it wasn't to be had."<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> "Gee, Vlad…that's some trip. It sounds like a RELIGIOUS EXPERIENCE to me,
huh?"<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> "Hang on, Jorve.
That's not quite all. I was
lying there on the floor of that hotel room, basking in the warm
after-glow. Suddenly I noticed that
although every aspect of my physical demeanor seemed to have returned to
normal, my thumbs were still the hypodermic syringes filled with a dark
liquid. I was still feeling
adventurous, so I thrust both thumb-needles into my quaking gluteus maximi, and
gave them the plunge. It took my breath
away.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> Everything seemed normal for a while, but then an
extremely high-pitched scream began to resound within my very brain-stem. It grew and grew, and although rather
pleasing at first, the volume to which it expanded threatened to implode the
structure of every molecule in my body.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> But then, RELIEF.
It stopped, and I crumpled in an inhalation of relaxation.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> But, then, something more sinister, vile, heinous, and
evil began, a multi-dimensional experience akin to a true revelation, only the
opposite. The opposite of a religious
experience. Imagine that, if you dare,
my dear Jorve.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> The aspects of this experiential antithesis to my earlier
Hadean excursion which aftected me most severely, and which I most remember,
were the acoustic dimensions. Now, the
best way for me to describe this to you, en lieu of being able to reproduce the
sounds…and, believe me, I would NEVER do that!...is to go back a few
light-parsecs when I was a post-doc at the Dildario Institute for Psychological
Warfare at Johns Hopkins University. Of
course, we didn't really use the real name;
the institute was officially known as the Dildario Center for the
Advancement of Cognitional Capabilities, or DICACOC, acronymously. Anyway, at the institute one of the main
things we studied was the use of sound patterns for debilitating and subverting
the cognitive processes of hominid populations, chiefly using mass-media.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> And since music is the most widely-spread form of sonic
mass-media, we focussed on that. What
we did was to force ourselves to listen to the music of all major composers of
the several centuries A.HuM., thereby enabling ourselves to construct simulated
music which resembled the works of these composers, whose works were worshipped
by the Shikastan public-at-large. Our
'music', if you could call it that, was merely a hollow shell which only on the
very surface vaguely resembled the real thing:
devoid of emotion, artistic quality, or any semblance of true beauty, it
was not only an empty product, it also contained encoded enervation vectors and
subliminal encryptions geared to debilitate and atrophy the mental processes of
any mind that processed it. Needless to
say, we were quite successful. By 3.2
A.HuM., our sounds could be heard almost constantly on any radio station, in
any fast-food restaurant, in any department store or shopping mall, in any elevator,
as the soundtrack to just about any TV show or film, or even on the lips of
hominids walking down the street. It
was SICK!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> At any rate, however, Jorve, the music I most greatly
detested, and which was most highly loved by the Shikastan populus, was the
works of the composers Beethoven, Mozart, Debussy, Cage and Zappa.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> Within milliseconds of the termination of the scream, an
acoustic experience began which I cannot possibly communicate to you, except to
say that it sounded like a synthesis of all the music that I hated the absolute
most. It sounded like a symphony
composed by a synergetic fusion of the minds of all these composers, combined
with songs of the humpback whales of Shikasta.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> And as if that weren't enough, these horrific and nauseating
sounds were intermingled with lines of poetry or prophecy, something like<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> 'The
final solution shall appear as a beast<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> rising
from the sea, descending from the sky-vault,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> accompanied
by piercing wind-vortices and hail,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> manifesting
in utmost frivolity,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> her veil
an ACOUSTIC TSUNAMI, suspended in mid-flight<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> the
empress of the deep spaces…'<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> I lay there on the hotel room floor, screaming in
tortured agony. I actually passed out
from the pain of these sounds, and woke up several hours later in a cold sweat.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> "Vlad, dude.
But what did you learn from it all?
Would you do it again? I mean,
boot that rectose/nitiric acid solution into your jugular?"<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> "Of course, my dear Jorve. I MUST have that MASTER PLAN, you know? It's a risk I must take. After
all, it was a heavenly experience, to use a metaphor of antithesis! It didn't turn bad until I booted up the
thumb-syringes."<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> "Well, it certainly was phantasmagoric. Sort of like a cross between Dante and
Thomas de Quincey, eh?"<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> "Sorry, Jorve.
I never was one for literary infotoxins. What say we climb upstairs and and do a few lines of
rectose. I could use a big blast."<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> "Sounds good to me, comrade. I'd like to meet the sporeborgs, too."<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> "Yes, and I'd like for Igor to meet his
cousins."<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> Igor was a rev 3.2 Mark II sporeborg. Practical, friendly, subservient.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> And so it was. As
Vlad, Igor, and Jorve climbed the stairs to the SPORE COMMAND, in a distant arm
of the galaxy on a beautiful planet Jane-bot, Gal, and company swam peacefully
in the blue waters of the Baja Pacific, listening to recordings of A.HuM.
humpback whale songs, enjoying true friendship.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> Bands were blazing and parties were raging at the
Cogithir and at Nobot's.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> PAL was fine-tuning his anti-static generators, and
whining.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> And on Thalion, Gal's cetacean friends prepared for the
brief but intense journey to Shikasta, via the interstellar phase resonance
node transcription-reassembly continuum, which spanned all intergalactic
abysses, and conjoined all spatio-temporal monadic holonomes in every
incarnation of the cosmos.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">VOCABULARY<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">1) CYBER-CHICK: Jane-bot la
wig is the paragon of this species of being.
Cyber-beings are of extremely highly advanced neurocybernetic and
creative capabilities. 'Cyber' comes
from the Greek word kybernetes, which means guide or steersman, as of a boat or
ship; implies metaprogramming and
navigational functions. Cyber-beings
occur in many star systems, but occur most frequently in the Arcturan Star
system.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">2) FREE-LANCE INTELLIGENCE AGENT:
this is what most cyber-beings functioned as, by virtue of their
enhanced interest in the development and n-dimensional health of all life-forms
in the cosmos; officially 'employed' by
no one, they constitute the fabric of the Galactic Synapse Command, which is
overseen by several octaves of hygexim<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">3) IGTORPIANS: also known as
reptocrats, they are the inhabitants of the Planet Igtorp (a planet in the
Scalian star system resembling Mercury;
its moons are Recton and Recton II;
unusual in that the planet rotates retrograde one day per week and in
that its core consists of molten dildonium which gives the planet an intense
x-ray ionosphere); quasi-reptilian
hominids who got this name because they are all employees of their government,
but they do nothing except fill out forms;
also, if they live for more than a few hours outside of an intense x-ray
field, they begin to mutate into normal Shikastan hominids<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">4) INFOCOM: the INFOTOXIN
COMMAND; in the land of Jane-bot the
Shikastan advertising and intelligence communities have fused into a sarcomic
singularity, ruled by the Executive Producer and its array of sycophantic
super-computers<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">5) RECTON: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">©1989</span></div>
Jeff Weffersonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16055962946869392042noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-30418363.post-23955833092666936992020-04-08T03:44:00.002-07:002020-04-11T03:11:12.155-07:00BILL GATE'S CORONAVIRUS VACCINE CV 667: COMING SOON TO AN ORIFICE NEAR YOU :)<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-gLZfOW_z0NE/Xo2bPdnMpLI/AAAAAAAAMNw/oP5KtxgraDYsDbRmV0EkRr1Cbt2UyGz0ACLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/GATES%2B91b92119-235e-4249-bd3f-4a26a0d0a765.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="946" data-original-width="1600" height="236" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-gLZfOW_z0NE/Xo2bPdnMpLI/AAAAAAAAMNw/oP5KtxgraDYsDbRmV0EkRr1Cbt2UyGz0ACLcBGAsYHQ/s400/GATES%2B91b92119-235e-4249-bd3f-4a26a0d0a765.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>"WE'RE OFFERING IT IN SUPPOSITORY FORM...</b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>WATCH, I'LL PUT IT IN MY MOUTH TO DEMONSTRATE..."</b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-2JvTiG1yDhs/Xo2cvotfsuI/AAAAAAAAMN8/Gdo790wna1AAfpsZkRwdjvn8mJn5jISNACLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/gates.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="792" data-original-width="1025" height="308" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-2JvTiG1yDhs/Xo2cvotfsuI/AAAAAAAAMN8/Gdo790wna1AAfpsZkRwdjvn8mJn5jISNACLcBGAsYHQ/s400/gates.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>'IF IT DOESN'T KILL YOU, IT MAKES YOU STRONGER...</b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>AND IF IT MAKES YOU REALLY SICK, WE MAKE A LOT OF MONEY!"</b></span></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-_xaht_rpA6w/Xo2c0HxJF7I/AAAAAAAAMOA/Swb1LV489AoYRx6HpFOwkhGw8NN-Ih2FQCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Vaccine-polymorphic-sites-are-present-throughout-the-genome-with-notable-clusters-in-ORFS.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="843" data-original-width="850" height="396" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-_xaht_rpA6w/Xo2c0HxJF7I/AAAAAAAAMOA/Swb1LV489AoYRx6HpFOwkhGw8NN-Ih2FQCLcBGAsYHQ/s400/Vaccine-polymorphic-sites-are-present-throughout-the-genome-with-notable-clusters-in-ORFS.png" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>GENOME MAP OF A VACCINE</b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b>BILL GATES' NEW <i>CV667</i> CORONAVIRUS VACCINE:</b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b><i>SECRET INGREDIENTS LEAKED BY FORMER LAB TECH</i></b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b><i><br /></i></b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">An unnamed former technician for Microsoft's top-secret <i>Nano-Weapons for the Master Race</i> lab has put his/her/its life on the line by releasing to the press a partial list of the ingredients in Bill Gates' new vaccine for the coronavirus that is wreaking havoc on minds and bodies around the world.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">This vaccine, believed to be on the verge of approval by the W.H.O., believed to have been given the 'swastika of approval' by macro-eugenics consultant Henry Kissinger, and to be manufactured by a consortium of pharmaceutical corporations led by Bayer and Abbot Industries, is capable of rapid deployment into just about any body orifice.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">A partial list of ingredients includes (not in order of % composition):</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">1) <b>Roundup</b>...aka glyphosate, only kills bad weeds</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">2) <b>Lysol</b>...sanitary disinfectant, keeps your bowl fresh</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">3) <b>DDT</b>...dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane...the original bio-cide</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">4) <b>1080</b>...sodium monofluoroacetate...only kills bad pests in drawn-out agony</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">5) <b>glue</b> (super, Elmer's, epoxy and liquid nails)...helps you stick to it!</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">6) <b>fluoride</b>..gives balls, backbones, brains and a sense of rebellion!</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">7) <b>mercury, lead, zinc, arsenic, hexavalent chromium</b>...essential heavy metals</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">8) <b>plutonium, Americium-241, Technicium-97</b>...extended half-lives for mutagens</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">9) <b>sugar</b>...ultra-white ultra-refined cane sucrose</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">10) <b>Rectose</b>..."It's the REAL butt-sugar"...the original information placebo</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">11) <b>insect parts, rodent hair, feces</b>...vax extender, adds body</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">12) <b>mold spores</b>...can survive in a vacuum and close to absolute zero</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">13) <b>ionizable metallic salts</b>...for conducting microwaves more efficiently</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">14) <b>sparkler dust</b>...helps you 'go up in smoke' more readily</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">15) <b>glow-in-the-dark stuff</b>...aids in nocturnal surveillance</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">16) <b>dust from the Grand Wazoo.</b>..courtesy of Frank Zappa</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">17) <b>bear bile</b>...ancient Chinese remedy for just about everything</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">18) <b>bat phlegm</b>...effective only if bat is uncooked</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">19) <b>eye of newt</b>...traditional medieval potion ingredient</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">20) <b>gluten</b>...because, because, because, because, because...</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">21) <b>DMT</b>...so you can SEE IT ALL clearly for a few minutes</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">22) <b>nano-particles</b>...helps your reconfiguration into trans-human</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">23) <b>Morgellon's fibers</b>...added...fiber</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">24) <b>fiberglass</b>...adds strength to your inner surf-board & kayak</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">25) <b>battery acid</b>...dissolves anything you no longer need</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">26) <b>chlorine</b>...purifies the gene pool and bleaches your hair</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">27) <b>nail-polish remover.</b>..so the next colour can be applied!</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">28) <b>moon-shine</b>...keeps the radiator clean</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">29) <b>anti-freeze</b>...preferred lethal beverage of cats</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">30) <b>petrol</b> (gasoline, 97 octane)..for sniffing or combustion</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">31) <b>caffeine, nicotine</b>...keeps your monkeys awake and steady</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">32) <b>carbon dioxide</b>...helps you to photosynthesize</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">33) <b>fentanyl</b>...to ease the pain</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">34) <b>lithium</b>...to lift your spirits</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">35) <b>Prozac</b>...'once were worriers'</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">36) <b>thorazine</b>...when the day is done and you wanna run...</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">37) <b>MSG</b>...Mono-Sodium GLUtamate</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">38) <b>aspartame</b>...an artificially sweet first-order carcinogen</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">39) <b>'tincture of tenderness'</b>...Milton the Monster got the whole vial</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">40) <b>rabies</b>...frothing induced by fear of water</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">41) <b>clap</b>...what is the sound of one genitalia with clap?</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">42) <b>herpes</b>...found in conjunction with HISpes?</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">43) <b>measles</b>...childhood outbreaks of epidermal sores</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">44) <b>mumps</b>...childhood swelling of lymph nodes</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">45) <b>influenza</b>...new strains appear every 11.2 years</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">46) <b>small pox</b>...prefers to live in woolen blankets</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">47) <b>malaria</b>...mosquitos don't get it, why do we?</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">48) <b>cholera</b>...many beautiful remote tourst destinations need this</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">49) <b>ebola</b>...similar to flesh-bacteria</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">50) <b>the Andromeda Strain</b>...it's a crystal, silly wabbit</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">51) <b>Raid</b>...'kills bugs dead!'</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">52) <b>WD-40</b>...unfreezes lock-down</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">53) <b>Mycoxaflopin</b>...helps you to stand firm</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">53) <b>Aborted fetus tissue</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">54) <b>Embryonic stem-cells</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">55) <b>pus</b> from inflamed dairy cow udders</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">56) <b>thawed microbes</b> from 256 million year old Antarctica ice core sample</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">57) <b>reanimation compound</b>...brought zombies to life in <i>Night of the Living Dead</i></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">58) <b>Ephemerol</b>...drug that created Scanners</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
Jeff Weffersonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16055962946869392042noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-30418363.post-46470985319874888472020-03-23T03:58:00.000-07:002020-03-23T03:58:01.954-07:00'SMALL WORLD', chapter, BILL BRYSON, 'A SHORT HISTORY OF NEARLY EVERYTHING' (2003)<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-1RlXO6Pvsjc/XniTyKEks6I/AAAAAAAAML0/JMPEEgckYnA7E8IXMMU5g3c4cCnxmkjNgCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/OSC_Microbio_01_03_sizes.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="770" data-original-width="1300" height="236" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-1RlXO6Pvsjc/XniTyKEks6I/AAAAAAAAML0/JMPEEgckYnA7E8IXMMU5g3c4cCnxmkjNgCLcBGAsYHQ/s400/OSC_Microbio_01_03_sizes.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>VARIETIES OF MICROBES</b></span></div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pYEt38OAj2w/XniU2bkWu_I/AAAAAAAAML8/-y2FFyk-SbApY_PzO8bjgBgIMnvFhf3SgCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/800wm.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="554" data-original-width="800" height="276" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pYEt38OAj2w/XniU2bkWu_I/AAAAAAAAML8/-y2FFyk-SbApY_PzO8bjgBgIMnvFhf3SgCLcBGAsYHQ/s400/800wm.jpeg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>SPIROCHETES</b></span></div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-hkgEMePTYWc/XniU66nON3I/AAAAAAAAMMA/MEWbohJc0eY1BP7DQLsUR_dsIn6usxMkACLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/CYANOBACT.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b><img border="0" data-original-height="411" data-original-width="1200" height="136" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-hkgEMePTYWc/XniU66nON3I/AAAAAAAAMMA/MEWbohJc0eY1BP7DQLsUR_dsIn6usxMkACLcBGAsYHQ/s400/CYANOBACT.jpg" width="400" /></b></span></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b> CYANOBACTERIA</b></span></div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-4WkHB0i3fvk/XniU7izYR8I/AAAAAAAAMME/fkq3ASF02ocdopLqLO4bA4Ekwc9UggB-gCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/drawing-structure-cell-bacillus-type.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b><img border="0" data-original-height="1102" data-original-width="1599" height="275" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-4WkHB0i3fvk/XniU7izYR8I/AAAAAAAAMME/fkq3ASF02ocdopLqLO4bA4Ekwc9UggB-gCLcBGAsYHQ/s400/drawing-structure-cell-bacillus-type.jpg" width="400" /></b></span></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b> BACILLUS</b></span></div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-SsqutbgrYew/XniVBfKTGkI/AAAAAAAAMMI/slxt6Inf5xs7FCcnBPimWl1H6hwINn1pgCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/origin.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b><img border="0" data-original-height="612" data-original-width="1000" height="243" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-SsqutbgrYew/XniVBfKTGkI/AAAAAAAAMMI/slxt6Inf5xs7FCcnBPimWl1H6hwINn1pgCLcBGAsYHQ/s400/origin.jpg" width="400" /></b></span></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>GEOBACTER</b></span></div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">from Bill Bryson, <u>A Short History of Nearly Everything</u>, 2003</span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">20 <i>SMALL WORLD <o:p></o:p></i></span></b></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">IT’S PROBABLY NOT a good idea to take too personal an
interest in your microbes. Louis Pasteur, the great French chemist and
bacteriologist, became so preoccupied with them that he took to peering
critically at every dish placed before him with a magnifying glass, a habit
that presumably did not win him many repeat invitations to dinner. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">In fact, there is no point in trying to hide from your
bacteria, for they are on and around you always, in numbers you can’t conceive.
If you are in good health and averagely diligent about hygiene, you will have a
herd of about one trillion bacteria grazing on your fleshy plains—about a
hundred thousand of them on every square centimeter of skin. They are there to
dine off the ten billion or so flakes of skin you shed every day, plus all the
tasty oils and fortifying minerals that seep out from every pore and fissure.
You are for them the ultimate food court, with the convenience of warmth and
constant mobility thrown in. By way of thanks, they give you B.O. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">And those are just the bacteria that inhabit your skin.
There are trillions more tucked away in your gut and nasal passages, clinging
to your hair and eyelashes, swimming over the surface of your eyes, drilling
through the enamel of your teeth. Your digestive system alone is host to more
than a hundred trillion microbes, of at least four hundred types. Some deal
with sugars, some with starches, some attack other bacteria. A surprising
number, like the ubiquitous intestinal spirochetes, have no detectable function
at all. They just seem to like to be with you. Every human body consists of
about 10 quadrillion cells, but about 100 quadrillion bacterial cells. They
are, in short, a big part of us. From the bacteria’s point of view, of course,
we are a rather small part of them. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Because we humans are big and clever enough to produce and
utilize antibiotics and disinfectants, it is easy to convince ourselves that we
have banished bacteria to the fringes of existence. Don’t you believe it.
Bacteria may not build cities or have interesting social lives, but they will
be here when the Sun explodes. This is their planet, and we are on it only
because they allow us to be. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b>Bacteria, never forget, got along for billions of years
without us. We couldn’t survive a day without them. They process our wastes and
make them usable again; without their diligent munching nothing would rot. They
purify our water and keep our soils productive. Bacteria synthesize vitamins in
our gut, convert the things we eat into useful sugars and polysaccharides, and
go to war on alien microbes that slip down our gullet. <o:p></o:p></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US"><b>We depend totally on bacteria to pluck nitrogen from the air
and convert it into useful nucleotides and amino acids for us.</b> It is a
prodigious and gratifying feat. As Margulis and Sagan note, to do the same
thing industrially (as when making fertilizers) manufacturers must heat the
source materials to 500 degrees centigrade and squeeze them to three hundred
times normal pressures. Bacteria do it all the time without fuss, anank
goodness, for no larger organism </span>could survive
without the nitrogen they pass on. Above all, microbes continue to provide us
with the air we breathe and to keep the atmosphere stable. Microbes, including
the modern versions of cyanobacteria, supply the greater part of the planet’s
breathable oxygen. Algae and other tiny organisms bubbling away in the sea blow
out about 150 billion kilos of the stuff every year.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US">And they are amazingly prolific. The more frantic among them
can yield a new generation in less than ten minutes; <i>Clostridium perfringens</i></span><span lang="EN-US">, the
disagreeable little organism that causes gangrene, can reproduce in nine
minutes. At such a rate, a single bacterium could theoretically produce more
offspring in two days than there are protons in the universe. “Given an
adequate supply of nutrients, a single bacterial cell can generate 280,000
billion individuals in a single day,” according to the Belgian biochemist and
Nobel laureate Christian de Duve. In the same period, a human cell can just
about manage a single division. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">About once every million divisions, they produce a mutant.
Usually this is bad luck for the mutant—change is always risky for an
organism—but just occasionally the new bacterium is endowed with some
accidental advantage, such as the ability to elude or shrug off an attack of
antibiotics. With this ability to evolve rapidly goes another, even scarier
advantage. Bacteria share information. Any bacterium can take pieces of genetic
coding from any other. Essentially, as Margulis and Sagan put it, all bacteria
swim in a single gene pool. Any adaptive change that occurs in one area of the
bacterial universe can spread to any other. It’s rather as if a human could go
to an insect to get the necessary genetic coding to sprout wings or walk on
ceilings. It means that from a genetic point of view bacteria have become a
single superorganism—tiny, dispersed, but invincible.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US">They will live and thrive on almost anything you spill,
dribble, or shake loose. Just give them a little moisture—as when you run a
damp cloth over a counter—and they will bloom as if created from nothing. They
will eat wood, the glue in wallpaper, the metals in hardened paint. Scientists
in Australia found microbes known as <i>Thiobacillus concretivorans </i></span><span lang="EN-US">that lived
in—indeed, could not live without—concentrations of sulfuric acid strong enough
to dissolve metal. A species called <i>Micrococcus radiophilus </i></span><span lang="EN-US">was found
living happily in the waste tanks of nuclear reactors, gorging itself on
plutonium and whatever else was there. Some bacteria break down chemical
materials from which, as far as we can tell, they gain no benefit at all. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US">They have been found living in boiling mud pots and lakes of
caustic soda, deep inside rocks, at the bottom of the sea, in hidden pools of
icy water in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica, and seven miles down in the
Pacific Ocean where pressures are more than a thousand times greater than at
the surface, or equivalent to being squashed beneath fifty jumbo jets. Some of
them seem to be practically indestructible. <i>Deinococcus radiodurans </i></span><span lang="EN-US">is, according
to the<i>Economist </i></span><span lang="EN-US">, “almost immune to radioactivity.” Blast its
DNA with radiation, and the pieces immediately reform “like the scuttling limbs
of an undead creature from a horror movie.” <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US">Perhaps the most extraordinary survival yet found was that
of a <i>Streptococcus </i></span><span lang="EN-US">bacterium that was recovered from the sealed
lens of a camera that had stood on the Moon for two years. In short, there are
few environments in which bacteria aren’t prepared to live. “They are finding
now that when they push probes into ocean vents so hot that the probes actually
start to melt, there are bacteria even there,” Victoria Bennett told me. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b><span lang="EN-US">In the 1920s two scientists at the University of Chicago,
Edson Bastin and Frank Greer, announced that they had isolated from oil wells
strains of bacteria that had been living at </span><span lang="EN-US">depths of two
thousand feet. The notion was dismissed as fundamentally preposterous—there was
nothing to live <i>on </i></span><span lang="EN-US">at two thousand feet—and for fifty years it was
assumed that their samples had been contaminated with surface microbes. We now
know that there are a lot of microbes living deep within the Earth, many of
which have nothing at all to do with the organic world. They eat rocks or,
rather, the stuff that’s in rocks—iron, sulfur, manganese, and so on. And they
breathe odd things too—iron, chromium, cobalt, even uranium. Such processes may
be instrumental in concentrating gold, copper, and other precious metals, and
possibly deposits of oil and natural gas. It has even been suggested that their
tireless nibblings created the Earth’s crust.</span></b></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b>Some scientists now think that there could be as much as 100
trillion tons of bacteria living beneath our feet in what are known as
subsurface litho-autotrophic microbial ecosystems—SLiME for short. Thomas Gold
of Cornell has estimated that if you took all the bacteria out of the Earth’s
interior and dumped it on the surface, it would cover the planet to a depth of
five feet. If the estimates are correct, there could be more life under the
Earth than on top of it.</b> <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US">At depth microbes shrink in size and become extremely
sluggish. The liveliest of them may divide no more than once a century, some no
more than perhaps once in five hundred years. As the <i>Economist </i></span><span lang="EN-US">has put it:
“The key to long life, it seems, is not to do too much.” When things are really
tough, bacteria are prepared to shut down all systems and wait for better
times. In 1997 scientists successfully activated some anthrax spores that had
lain dormant for eighty years in a museum display in Trondheim, Norway. Other
microorganisms have leapt back to life after being released from a 118-year-old
can of meat and a 166-year-old bottle of beer. In 1996, scientists at the
Russian Academy of Science claimed to have revived bacteria frozen in Siberian
permafrost for three million years. But the record claim for durability so far
is one made by Russell Vreeland and colleagues at West Chester University in
Pennsylvania in 2000, when they announced that they had resuscitated
250-million-year-old bacteria called <i>Bacillus permians </i></span><span lang="EN-US">that had been
trapped in salt deposits two thousand feet underground in Carlsbad, New Mexico.
If so, this microbe is older than the continents. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US">The report met with some understandable dubiousness. Many
biochemists maintained that over such a span the microbe’s components would
have become uselessly degraded unless the bacterium roused itself from time to
time. However, if the bacterium did stir occasionally there was no plausible
internal source of energy that could have lasted so long. The more doubtful
scientists suggested that the sample may have been contaminated, if not during
its retrieval then perhaps while still buried. In 2001, a team from Tel Aviv
University argued that <i>B. permians </i></span><span lang="EN-US">were almost identical to
a strain of modern bacteria, <i>Bacillus marismortui</i></span><span lang="EN-US">, found in
the Dead Sea. Only two of its genetic sequences differed, and then only
slightly. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US">“Are we to believe,” the Israeli researchers wrote, “that in
250 million years <i>B. permians </i></span><span lang="EN-US">has accumulated the same amount of
genetic differences that could be achieved in just 3–7 days in the laboratory?”
In reply, Vreeland suggested that “bacteria evolve faster in the lab than they
do in the wild.” <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Maybe. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US">It is a remarkable fact that well into the space age, most
school textbooks divided the world of the living into just two categories—plant
and animal. Microorganisms hardly featured. Amoebas and similar single-celled
organisms were treated as proto-animals and algae as </span><span lang="EN-US">proto-plants.
Bacteria were usually lumped in with plants, too, even though everyone knew
they didn’t belong there. As far back as the late nineteenth century the German
naturalist Ernst Haeckel had suggested that bacteria deserved to be placed in a
separate kingdom, which he called Monera, but the idea didn’t begin to catch on
among biologists until the 1960s and then only among some of them. (I note that
my trusty <i>American Heritage </i></span><span lang="EN-US">desk dictionary from 1969 doesn’t
recognize the term.)</span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Many organisms in the visible world were also poorly served by
the traditional division. Fungi, the group that includes mushrooms, molds,
mildews, yeasts, and puffballs, were nearly always treated as botanical
objects, though in fact almost nothing about them—how they reproduce and
respire, how they build themselves—matches anything in the plant world.
Structurally they have more in common with animals in that they build their
cells from chitin, a material that gives them their distinctive texture. The
same substance is used to make the shells of insects and the claws of mammals,
though it isn’t nearly so tasty in a stag beetle as in a Portobello mushroom.
Above all, unlike all plants, fungi don’t photosynthesize, so they have no
chlorophyll and thus are not green. Instead they grow directly on their food
source, which can be almost anything. Fungi will eat the sulfur off a concrete
wall or the decaying matter between your toes—two things no plant will do.
Almost the only plantlike quality they have is that they root. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Even less comfortably susceptible to categorization was the
peculiar group of organisms formally called myxomycetes but more commonly known
as slime molds. The name no doubt has much to do with their obscurity. An
appellation that sounded a little more dynamic—“ambulant self-activating
protoplasm,” say—and less like the stuff you find when you reach deep into a
clogged drain would almost certainly have earned these extraordinary entities a
more immediate share of the attention they deserve, for slime molds are, make
no mistake, among the most interesting organisms in nature. When times are
good, they exist as one-celled individuals, much like amoebas. But when
conditions grow tough, they crawl to a central gathering place and become,
almost miraculously, a slug. The slug is not a thing of beauty and it doesn’t
go terribly far—usually just from the bottom of a pile of leaf litter to the
top, where it is in a slightly more exposed position—but for millions of years
this may well have been the niftiest trick in the universe. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">And it doesn’t stop there. Having hauled itself up to a more
favorable locale, the slime mold transforms itself yet again, taking on the
form of a plant. By some curious orderly process the cells reconfigure, like
the members of a tiny marching band, to make a stalk atop of which forms a bulb
known as a fruiting body. Inside the fruiting body are millions of spores that,
at the appropriate moment, are released to the wind to blow away and become
single-celled organisms that can start the process again. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">For years slime molds were claimed as protozoa by zoologists
and as fungi by mycologists, though most people could see they didn’t really
belong anywhere. When genetic testing arrived, people in lab coats were
surprised to find that slime molds were so distinctive and peculiar that they weren’t
directly related to anything else in nature, and sometimes not even to each
other. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US">In 1969, in an attempt to bring some order to the growing
inadequacies of classification, an ecologist from Cornell University named R.
H. Whittaker unveiled in the journal <i>Science </i></span><span lang="EN-US">a proposal to divide
life into five principal branches—kingdoms, as they are known—called Animalia,
Plantae, Fungi, Protista, and Monera. Protista, was a modification of an
earlier <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US">term, <i>Protoctista</i></span><span lang="EN-US">, which had
been suggested a century earlier by a Scottish biologist named John Hogg, and
was meant to describe any organisms that were neither plant nor animal. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Though Whittaker’s new scheme was a great improvement,
Protista remained ill defined. Some taxonomists reserved it for large unicellular
organisms—the eukaryotes—but others treated it as the kind of odd sock drawer
of biology, putting into it anything that didn’t fit anywhere else. It included
(depending on which text you consulted) slime molds, amoebas, and even seaweed,
among much else. By one calculation it contained as many as 200,000 different
species of organism all told. That’s a lot of odd socks. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Ironically, just as Whittaker’s five-kingdom classification
was beginning to find its way into textbooks, a retiring academic at the University
of Illinois was groping his way toward a discovery that would challenge
everything. His name was Carl Woese (rhymes with rose), and since the
mid-1960s—or about as early as it was possible to do so—he had been quietly
studying genetic sequences in bacteria. In the early days, this was an
exceedingly painstaking process. Work on a single bacterium could easily
consume a year. At that time, according to Woese, only about 500 species of
bacteria were known, which is fewer than the number of species you have in your
mouth. Today the number is about ten times that, though that is still far short
of the 26,900 species of algae, 70,000 of fungi, and 30,800 of amoebas and
related organisms whose biographies fill the annals of biology. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">It isn’t simple indifference that keeps the total low.
Bacteria can be exasperatingly difficult to isolate and study. Only about 1
percent will grow in culture. Considering how wildly adaptable they are in
nature, it is an odd fact that the one place they seem not to wish to live is a
petri dish. Plop them on a bed of agar and pamper them as you will, and most
will just lie there, declining every inducement to bloom. Any bacterium that
thrives in a lab is by definition exceptional, and yet these were, almost
exclusively, the organisms studied by microbiologists. It was, said Woese,
“like learning about animals from visiting zoos.” <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Genes, however, allowed Woese to approach microorganisms
from another angle. As he worked, Woese realized that there were more
fundamental divisions in the microbial world than anyone suspected. A lot of
little organisms that looked like bacteria and behaved like bacteria were
actually something else altogether—something that had branched off from
bacteria a long time ago. Woese called these organisms archaebacteria, later
shortened to archaea.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">It has be said that the attributes that distinguish archaea
from bacteria are not the sort that would quicken the pulse of any but a
biologist. They are mostly differences in their lipids and an absence of something
called peptidoglycan. But in practice they make a world of difference.
Archaeans are more different from bacteria than you and I are from a crab or
spider. Singlehandedly Woese had discovered an unsuspected division of life, so
fundamental that it stood above the level of kingdom at the apogee of the
Universal Tree of Life, as it is rather reverentially known. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">In 1976, he startled the world—or at least the little bit of
it that was paying attention—by redrawing the tree of life to incorporate not
five main divisions, but twenty-three. These he grouped under three new
principal categories—Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya (sometimes spelled
Eucarya)—which he called domains. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US">Woese’s new divisions did not take the biological world by
storm. Some dismissed them as much too heavily weighted toward the microbial.
Many just ignored them. Woese, according </span>to Frances
Ashcroft, “felt bitterly disappointed.” But slowly his new scheme began to
catch on among microbiologists. Botanists and zoologists were much slower to
admire its virtues. It’s not hard to see why. On Woese’s model, the worlds of
botany and zoology are relegated to a few twigs on the outermost branch of the
Eukaryan limb. Everything else belongs to unicellular beings.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">“These folks were brought up to classify in terms of gross
morphological similarities and differences,” Woese told an interviewer in 1996.
“The idea of doing so in terms of molecular sequence is a bit hard for many of
them to swallow.” In short, if they couldn’t see a difference with their own
eyes, they didn’t like it. And so they persisted with the traditional
five-kingdom division—an arrangement that Woese called “not very useful” in his
milder moments and “positively misleading” much of the rest of the time.
“Biology, like physics before it,” Woese wrote, “has moved to a level where the
objects of interest and their interactions often cannot be perceived through
direct observation.” <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US">In 1998 the great and ancient Harvard zoologist Ernst Mayr
(who then was in his ninety-fourth year and at the time of my writing is
nearing one hundred and still going strong) stirred the pot further by
declaring that there should be just two prime divisions of life—“empires” he
called them. In a paper published in the <i>Proceedings of the National Academy
of Sciences</i></span><span lang="EN-US">, Mayr said that Woese’s findings were interesting but
ultimately misguided, noting that “Woese was not trained as a biologist and
quite naturally does not have an extensive familiarity with the principles of
classification,” which is perhaps as close as one distinguished scientist can
come to saying of another that he doesn’t know what he is talking about. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US">The specifics of Mayr’s criticisms are too technical to need
extensive airing here—they involve issues of meiotic sexuality, Hennigian
cladification, and controversial interpretations of the genome of <i>Methanobacterium
thermoautrophicum</i></span><span lang="EN-US">, among rather a lot else—but essentially he
argues that Woese’s arrangement unbalances the tree of life. The bacterial
realm, Mayr notes, consists of no more than a few thousand species while the
archaean has a mere 175 named specimens, with perhaps a few thousand more to be
found—“but hardly more than that.” By contrast, the eukaryotic realm—that is,
the complicated organisms with nucleated cells, like us—numbers already in the
millions. For the sake of “the principle of balance,” Mayr argues for combining
the simple bacterial organisms in a single category, Prokaryota, while placing
the more complex and “highly evolved” remainder in the empire Eukaryota, which
would stand alongside as an equal. Put another way, he argues for keeping
things much as they were before. This division between simple cells and complex
cells “is where the great break is in the living world.” <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US">The distinction between halophilic archaeans and
methanosarcina or between flavobacteria and gram-positive bacteria clearly will
never be a matter of moment for most of us, but it is worth remembering that
each is as different from its neighbors as animals are from plants. If Woese’s
new arrangement teaches us anything it is that life really is various and that
most of that variety is small, unicellular, and unfamiliar. It is a natural
human impulse to think of evolution as a long chain of improvements, of a
never-ending advance toward largeness and complexity—in a word, toward us. We
flatter ourselves. Most of the real diversity in evolution has been
small-scale. We large things are just flukes—an interesting side branch. Of the
twenty-three main divisions of life, only three—plants, animals, and fungi—are
large enough to be seen by the human eye, and even they contain species that
are microscopic. Indeed, according to Woese, if you totaled up all the biomass
of the planet—every living </span>thing, plants included—microbes would account for at least
80 percent of all there is, perhaps more. The world belongs to the very
small—and it has for a very long time.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">So why, you are bound to ask at some point in your life, do microbes so often want to hurt us? What possible satisfaction could there be to a microbe in having us grow feverish or chilled, or disfigured with sores, or above all expire? A dead host, after all, is hardly going to provide long-term hospitality. </span></div>
<div class="p1">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="p1">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b>To begin with, it is worth remembering that most microorganisms are neutral or even beneficial to human well-being.</b> The most rampantly infectious organism on Earth, a bacterium called Wolbachia, doesn’t hurt humans at all—or, come to that, any other vertebrates—but if you are a shrimp or worm or fruit fly, it can make you wish you had never been born. Altogether, only about one microbe in a thousand is a pathogen for humans, according to <i>National Geographic </i>—though, knowing what some of them can do, we could be forgiven for thinking that that is quite enough. Even if mostly benign, microbes are still the number-three killer in the Western world, and even many less lethal ones of course make us deeply rue their existence. </span></div>
<div class="p1">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="p1">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Making a host unwell has certain benefits for the microbe. The symptoms of an illness often help to spread the disease. Vomiting, sneezing, and diarrhea are excellent methods of getting out of one host and into position for another. The most effective strategy of all is to enlist the help of a mobile third party. Infectious organisms love mosquitoes because the mosquito’s sting delivers them directly to a bloodstream where they can get straight to work before the victim’s defense mechanisms can figure out what’s hit them. This is why so many grade-A diseases—malaria, yellow fever, dengue fever, encephalitis, and a hundred or so other less celebrated but often rapacious maladies—begin with a mosquito bite. It is a fortunate fluke for us that HIV, the AIDS agent, isn’t among them—at least not yet. Any HIV the mosquito sucks up on its travels is dissolved by the mosquito’s own metabolism. When the day comes that the virus mutates its way around this, we may be in real trouble. </span></div>
<div class="p1">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="p1">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">It is a mistake, however, to consider the matter too carefully from the position of logic because microorganisms clearly are not calculating entities. They don’t care what they do to you any more than you care what distress you cause when you slaughter them by the millions with a soapy shower or a swipe of deodorant. The only time your continuing well-being is of consequence to a pathogen is when it kills you too well. If they eliminate you before they can move on, then they may well die out themselves. This in fact sometimes happens. History, Jared Diamond notes, is full of diseases that “once caused terrifying epidemics and then disappeared as mysteriously as they had come.” He cites the robust but mercifully transient English sweating sickness, which raged from 1485 to 1552, killing tens of thousands as it went, before burning itself out. Too much efficiency is not a good thing for any infectious organism. </span></div>
<div class="p1">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">A great deal of sickness arises not because of what the organism has done to you but what your body is trying to do to the organism. In its quest to rid the body of pathogens, the immune system sometimes destroys cells or damages critical tissues, so often when you are unwell what you are feeling is not the pathogens but your own immune responses. Anyway, getting sick is a sensible response to infection. Sick people retire to their beds and thus are less of a threat to the wider community. Resting also frees more of the body’s resources to attend to the infection. </span></div>
<div class="p1">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="p1">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b>Because there are so many things out there with the potential to hurt you, your body holds lots of different varieties of defensive white cells—some ten million types in all, each designed to identify and destroy a particular sort of invader. It would be impossibly inefficient to maintain ten million separate standing armies, so each variety of white cell keeps only a few scouts on active duty. When an infectious agent—what’s known as an antigen—invades, relevant scouts identify the attacker and put out a call for reinforcements of the right type. While your body is manufacturing these forces, you are likely to feel wretched. The onset of recovery begins when the troops finally swing into action. </b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b>White cells are merciless and will hunt down and kill every last pathogen they can find.</b> To avoid extinction, attackers have evolved two elemental strategies. Either they strike quickly and move on to a new host, as with common infectious illnesses like flu, or they disguise themselves so that the white cells fail to spot them, as with HIV, the virus responsible for AIDS, which can sit harmlessly and unnoticed in the nuclei of cells for years before springing into action. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">One of the odder aspects of infection is that microbes that normally do no harm at all sometimes get into the wrong parts of the body and “go kind of crazy,” in the words of Dr. Bryan Marsh, an infectious diseases specialist at Dartmouth–Hitchcock Medical Center in Lebanon, New Hamphire. “It happens all the time with car accidents when people suffer internal injuries. Microbes that are normally benign in the gut get into other parts of the body—the bloodstream, for instance—and cause terrible havoc.” </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The scariest, most out-of-control bacterial disorder of the moment is a disease called <i>necrotizing fasciitis </i>in which bacteria essentially eat the victim from the inside out, devouring internal tissue and leaving behind a pulpy, noxious residue. Patients often come in with comparatively mild complaints—a skin rash and fever typically—but then dramatically deteriorate. When they are opened up it is often found that they are simply being consumed. The only treatment is what is known as “radical excisional surgery”—cutting out every bit of infected area. Seventy percent of victims die; many of the rest are left terribly disfigured. The source of the infection is a mundane family of bacteria called Group A Streptococcus, which normally do no more than cause strep throat. Very occasionally, for reasons unknown, some of these bacteria get through the lining of the throat and into the body proper, where they wreak the most devastating havoc. They are completely resistant to antibiotics. About a thousand cases a year occur in the United States, and no one can say that it won’t get worse. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Precisely the same thing happens with meningitis. At least 10 percent of young adults, and perhaps 30 percent of teenagers, carry the deadly meningococcal bacterium, but it lives quite harmlessly in the throat. Just occasionally—in about one young person in a hundred thousand—it gets into the bloodstream and makes them very ill indeed. In the worst cases, death can come in twelve hours. That’s shockingly quick. “You can have a person who’s in perfect health at breakfast and dead by evening,” says Marsh. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">We would have much more success with bacteria if we weren’t so profligate with our best weapon against them: antibiotics. Remarkably, by one estimate some 70 percent of the antibiotics used in the developed world are given to farm animals, often routinely in stock feed, simply to promote growth or as a precaution against infection. Such applications give bacteria every opportunity to evolve a resistance to them. It is an opportunity that they have enthusiastically seized. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">In 1952, penicillin was fully effective against all strains of staphylococcus bacteria, to such an extent that by the early 1960s the U.S. surgeon general, William Stewart, felt confident enough to declare: “The time has come to close the book on infectious diseases. We have basically wiped out infection in the United States.” Even as he spoke, however, some 90 percent of those strains were in the process of developing immunity to penicillin. Soon one of these new strains, called Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus, began to show up in hospitals. Only one type of antibiotic, vancomycin, remained effective against it, but in 1997 a hospital in Tokyo reported the appearance of a strain that could resist even that. Within months it had spread to six other Japanese hospitals. All over, the microbes are beginning to win the war again: in U.S. hospitals alone, some fourteen thousand people a year die from infections they pick up there. As James Surowiecki has noted, given a choice between developing antibiotics that people will take every day for two weeks or antidepressants that people will take every day forever, drug companies not surprisingly opt for the latter. Although a few antibiotics have been toughened up a bit, the pharmaceutical industry hasn’t given us an entirely new antibiotic since the 1970s. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Our carelessness is all the more alarming since the discovery that many other ailments may be bacterial in origin. The process of discovery began in 1983 when Barry Marshall, a doctor in Perth, Western Australia, found that many stomach cancers and most stomach ulcers are caused by a bacterium called <i>Helicobacter pylori</i>. Even though his findings were easily tested, the notion was so radical that more than a decade would pass before they were generally accepted. America’s National Institutes of Health, for instance, didn’t officially endorse the idea until 1994. “Hundreds, even thousands of people must have died from ulcers who wouldn’t have,” Marshall told a reporter from <i>Forbes </i>in 1999. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Since then further research has shown that there is or may well be a bacterial component in all kinds of other disorders—heart disease, asthma, arthritis, multiple sclerosis, several types of mental disorders, many cancers, even, it has been suggested (in<i>Science </i>no less), obesity. The day may not be far off when we desperately require an effective antibiotic and haven’t got one to call on. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">It may come as a slight comfort to know that bacteria can themselves get sick. They are sometimes infected by bacteriophages (or simply phages), a type of virus. A virus is a strange and unlovely entity—“a piece of nucleic acid surrounded by bad news” in the memorable phrase of the Nobel laureate Peter Medawar. Smaller and simpler than bacteria, viruses aren’t themselves alive. In isolation they are inert and harmless. But introduce them into a suitable host and they burst into busyness—into life. About five thousand types of virus are known, and between them they afflict us with many hundreds of diseases, ranging from the flu and common cold to those that are most invidious to human well-being: smallpox, rabies, yellow fever, ebola, polio, and the human immunodeficiency virus, the source of AIDS. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Viruses prosper by hijacking the genetic material of a living cell and using it to produce more virus. They reproduce in a fanatical manner, then burst out in search of more cells to invade. Not being living organisms themselves, they can afford to be very simple. Many, including HIV, have ten genes or fewer, whereas even the simplest bacteria require several thousand. They are also very tiny, much too small to be seen with a conventional microscope. It wasn’t until 1943 and the invention of the electron microscope that science got its first look at them. But they can do immense damage. Smallpox in the twentieth century alone killed an estimated 300 million people. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">They also have an unnerving capacity to burst upon the world in some new and startling form and then to vanish again as quickly as they came. In 1916, in one such case, people in Europe and America began to come down with a strange sleeping sickness, which became known as encephalitis lethargica. Victims would go to sleep and not wake up. They could be roused without great difficulty to take food or go to the lavatory, and would answer questions sensibly—they knew who and where they were—though their manner was always apathetic. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">However, the moment they were permitted to rest, they would sink at once back into deepest slumber and remain in that state for as long as they were left. Some went on in this manner for months before dying. A very few survived and regained consciousness but not their former liveliness. They existed in a state of profound apathy, “like extinct volcanoes,” in the words of one doctor. In ten years the disease killed some five million people and then quietly went away. It didn’t get much lasting attention because in the meantime an even worse epidemic—indeed, the worst in history—swept across the world. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">It is sometimes called the Great Swine Flu epidemic and sometimes the Great Spanish Flu epidemic, but in either case it was ferocious. World War I killed twenty-one million people in four years; swine flu did the same in its first four months. Almost 80 percent of American casualties in the First World War came not from enemy fire, but from flu. In some units the mortality rate was as high as 80 percent. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Swine flu arose as a normal, nonlethal flu in the spring of 1918, but somehow over the following months—no one knows how or where—it mutated into something more severe. A fifth of victims suffered only mild symptoms, but the rest became gravely ill and often died. Some succumbed within hours; others held on for a few days. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">In the United States, the first deaths were recorded among sailors in Boston in late August 1918, but the epidemic quickly spread to all parts of the country. Schools closed, public entertainments were shut down, people everywhere wore masks. It did little good. Between the autumn of 1918 and spring of the following year, 548,452 people died of the flu in America. The toll in Britain was 220,000, with similar numbers dead in France and Germany. No one knows the global toll, as records in the Third World were often poor, but it was not less than 20 million and probably more like 50 million. Some estimates have put the global total as high as 100 million. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b>In an attempt to devise a vaccine, medical authorities conducted tests on volunteers at a military prison on Deer Island in Boston Harbor. The prisoners were promised pardons if they survived a battery of tests. These tests were rigorous to say the least. First the subjects were injected with infected lung tissue taken from the dead and then sprayed in the eyes, nose, and mouth with infectious aerosols. If they still failed to succumb, they had their throats swabbed with discharges taken from the sick and dying. If all else failed, they were required to sit open-mouthed while a gravely ill victim was helped to cough into their faces. </b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Out of—somewhat amazingly—three hundred men who volunteered, the doctors chose sixty-two for the tests. None contracted the flu—not one. The only person who did grow ill was the ward doctor, who swiftly died. The probable explanation for this is that the epidemic had passed through the prison a few weeks earlier and the volunteers, all of whom had survived that visitation, had a natural immunity.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Much about the 1918 flu is understood poorly or not at all. One mystery is how it erupted suddenly, all over, in places separated by oceans, mountain ranges, and other earthly </span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">impediments. A virus can survive for no more than a few hours outside a host body, so how could it appear in Madrid, Bombay, and Philadelphia all in the same week?</span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The probable answer is that it was incubated and spread by people who had only slight symptoms or none at all. Even in normal outbreaks, about 10 percent of people have the flu but are unaware of it because they experience no ill effects. And because they remain in circulation they tend to be the great spreaders of the disease. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">That would account for the 1918 outbreak’s widespread distribution, but it still doesn’t explain how it managed to lay low for several months before erupting so explosively at more or less the same time all over. Even more mysterious is that it was primarily devastating to people in the prime of life. Flu normally is hardest on infants and the elderly, but in the 1918 outbreak deaths were overwhelmingly among people in their twenties and thirties. Older people may have benefited from resistance gained from an earlier exposure to the same strain, but why the very young were similarly spared is unknown. The greatest mystery of all is why the 1918 flu was so ferociously deadly when most flus are not. We still have no idea. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">From time to time certain strains of virus return. A disagreeable Russian virus known as H1N1 caused severe outbreaks over wide areas in 1933, then again in the 1950s, and yet again in the 1970s. Where it went in the meantime each time is uncertain. One suggestion is that viruses hide out unnoticed in populations of wild animals before trying their hand at a new generation of humans. No one can rule out the possibility that the Great Swine Flu epidemic might once again rear its head. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">And if it doesn’t, others well might. New and frightening viruses crop up all the time. Ebola, Lassa, and Marburg fevers all have tended to flare up and die down again, but no one can say that they aren’t quietly mutating away somewhere, or simply awaiting the right opportunity to burst forth in a catastrophic manner. It is now apparent that AIDS has been among us much longer than anyone originally suspected. Researchers at the Manchester Royal Infirmary in England discovered that a sailor who had died of mysterious, untreatable causes in 1959 in fact had AIDS. But for whatever reasons the disease remained generally quiescent for another twenty years. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The miracle is that other such diseases haven’t gone rampant. Lassa fever, which wasn’t first detected until 1969, in West Africa, is extremely virulent and little understood. In 1969, a doctor at a Yale University lab in New Haven, Connecticut, who was studying Lassa fever came down with it. He survived, but, more alarmingly, a technician in a nearby lab, with no direct exposure, also contracted the disease and died. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Happily the outbreak stopped there, but we can’t count on such good fortune always. Our lifestyles invite epidemics. Air travel makes it possible to spread infectious agents across the planet with amazing ease. An ebola virus could begin the day in, say, Benin, and finish it in New York or Hamburg or Nairobi, or all three. It means also that medical authorities increasingly need to be acquainted with pretty much every malady that exists everywhere, but of course they are not. In 1990, a Nigerian living in Chicago was exposed to Lassa fever on a visit to his homeland, but didn’t develop symptoms until he had returned to the United States. He died in a Chicago hospital without diagnosis and without anyone taking any special precautions in treating him, unaware that he had one of the most lethal and infectious diseases on the planet. Miraculously, no one else was infected. We may not be so lucky next time. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">And on that sobering note, it’s time to return to the world of the visibly living. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b>DOWNLOAD A PDF OF THE BOOK HERE</b></span><b style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><a href="https://archive.org/details/AShortHistoryofNearlyEverything_201706/page/n3/mode/2up">https://archive.org/details/AShortHistoryofNearlyEverything_201706/page/n3/mode/2up</a></b></div>
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Jeff Weffersonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16055962946869392042noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-30418363.post-33016580754637510082019-07-13T21:26:00.001-07:002019-07-13T21:26:17.827-07:00THE ENCKE WINDOW (PART 2): EPISODIC BOMBARDMENT, KOYAANISQATSI, & 'CATACLYSMIC EVOLUTION' - A TELEOLOGICAL SYNCHRONICITY<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-2OLi242bwm4/XSqunzDTVQI/AAAAAAAAL5k/5hbgR3b9vDA1m2wdTl1qqekFDTiMvByeQCLcBGAs/s1600/285-1%2Bb3387ae2-d77e-48c4-ab94-104fa536f664.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="472" data-original-width="500" height="377" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-2OLi242bwm4/XSqunzDTVQI/AAAAAAAAL5k/5hbgR3b9vDA1m2wdTl1qqekFDTiMvByeQCLcBGAs/s400/285-1%2Bb3387ae2-d77e-48c4-ab94-104fa536f664.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>TOTAL SOLAR ECLIPSE, 2 JULY, AS SEEN FROM CHILE</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">"As Steven Ostro of the <em>Jet Propulsion Laboratory</em>
has put it, 'Suppose that there was a button you could push and you
could light up all the Earth-crossing asteroids larger than about ten
meters, <strong>there would be over 100 million of these objects in the
sky.' In short, you would see not a couple of thousand distant twinkling
stars, but millions upon millions upon millions of nearer, randomly
moving objects</strong>—'all of which are capable of colliding with the
Earth and all of which are moving on slightly different courses through
the sky at different rates. It would be deeply unnerving.' Well, be
unnerved because it is there. We just can’t see it."</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><strong>from 'Bang', <u>A Short History of Nearly Everything</u>, Bill Bryson (2003)</strong></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica neue,helvetica,sans-serif;">"Clear the battlefield and let me see,<br />
all the profit from our victory.<br />
You talk of freedom, starving children fall,<br />
are you deaf when you hear the seasons call?<br />
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Were you there to watch the Earth be scorched,<br />
did you stand beside the spectral torch?<br />
Know the leaves of sorrow turned their face,<br />
scattered on the ashes of disgrace.<br />
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Every blade is sharp, the arrows fly,<br />
where the victims of your armies lie.<br />
Where the blades of grass and arrows reign,<br />
there will be no sorrow, be no pain."<br />
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'Battlefield', <em>Tarkus</em>, Emerson Lake and Palmer (1972)</span></span></div>
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Jeff Weffersonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16055962946869392042noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-30418363.post-88255325050835135752019-06-30T02:00:00.002-07:002020-07-01T15:19:09.341-07:00THE ENCKE WINDOW (PART 1): COMETS, ASTEROIDS and ROGUE CIVILIZATIONS - AN ON THE BRINK SPECIAL REPORT<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-k8LTZCDEhVE/XRh0sOYSaOI/AAAAAAAAL3E/1Sxo-ZvLuvU7UHbAaSSP0jzq-b0PsAVoACLcBGAs/s1600/Corbis-EN001001_umzqks.webp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1131" data-original-width="1600" height="282" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-k8LTZCDEhVE/XRh0sOYSaOI/AAAAAAAAL3E/1Sxo-ZvLuvU7UHbAaSSP0jzq-b0PsAVoACLcBGAs/s400/Corbis-EN001001_umzqks.webp" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>HALE-BOPP (1997)</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">"Comet, comet shining bright</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">On the highways of the night,</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">What immortal hand or eye</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Dare comprehend your starry sky?</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Comet, comet shooting fast,</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Borne in distant aeons past,</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Bringing water, ice and stone,</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">And maybe life: are we 'alone'?</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Comet, comet please come quick,</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Mother Earth is very sick.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Comet, comet please come now</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">To cleanse the Earth of us, somehow."</span><br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-fKeOucgU6Hg/XSqZvHlIg0I/AAAAAAAAL4A/8cO8EzJsk_Al-rzd_A2l8io_ekAtjOVrQCLcBGAs/s1600/284-3%2B6416b891-330f-4ac0-a559-f899d26486c8.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="484" data-original-width="720" height="268" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-fKeOucgU6Hg/XSqZvHlIg0I/AAAAAAAAL4A/8cO8EzJsk_Al-rzd_A2l8io_ekAtjOVrQCLcBGAs/s400/284-3%2B6416b891-330f-4ac0-a559-f899d26486c8.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>PLEIADES/MATARIKI/SUBARU/'SEVEN SISTERS'</b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">"Think of the Earth’s orbit as a kind of freeway on which we are the only vehicle, but which is crossed regularly by pedestrians who don’t know enough to look before stepping off the curb. At least 90 percent of these pedestrians are quite unknown to us. We don’t know where they live, what sort of hours they keep, how often they come our way. All we know is that at some point, at uncertain intervals, they trundle across the road down which we are cruising at sixty-six thousand miles an hour."</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b>from 'Bang', <u>A Short History of Nearly Everything</u>, Bill Bryson (2003)</b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px;">Welcome to broadcast #284 of <em>On the Brink</em>
Radio, recorded beneath Grandmother Pohutakawa here on Aotea, Great
Barrier Island, New Zealand. Today is the 111th anniversary of the <em>Tunguska</em>
event, and this show is about what I am calling 'the Encke Window' and
the huge role that comets and asteroids have played and continue to play
in the existence, evolution and extinction of life as we know her here
on the only planet we know for sure who has life as we know her. This
topic is astounding in scope and significance for being here now, yet
due to its somewhat heavy implications is not on the public radar or
even on peoples' minds much other than mine and a few dozen assorted
astronomers and paleo-catastrophists.<br />
<br />
This area of inquiry is of great personal significance to me, and in
honour of that I am working on a comprehensive blog post that will be in
progress all this coming week. I will also being Part Two of this show
next week, going into greater detail and sharing the work of some
leading researchers in this area.<br />
<br />
<em>Encke</em> was the name of the astronomer who first calculated its
orbit, and it was the second periodic comet to be discovered after
Halley's. Encke comes around every 3.3 years and at its brightest is
almost visible to the naked eye. Of the thousands of comets known today,
Encke is unique not only in the frequency and proximity of its
terrestrial encounters, but more importantly, due to its peculiar
orbital characteristics, unlike most of the other comets who pass within
the solar system, it is not gravitationally affected by Jupiter or
Saturn. These gas giant planets are major drivers of cometary and
asteroidal perturbation and/or eventual ejection from the heliocosm, but
Encke is immune to these influences.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px;">Very interestingly, the Encke of today is
believed to be a mere remnant or 'daughter fragment' of what was once a
true super-comet with a nucleus of 100 km in diameter. This is an
Earth-shattering story, forgive the pun, and I won't go too deeply into
it here, but in my blog post and next week's show I will be elaborating
on the work of legendary UK astronomers <strong>Victor Clube</strong> and <strong>William Napier</strong>, whose brilliant research paved the way for the whole 'impact origin of mass-extinctions' theory, which the father-son team of <strong>George and Luis Alvarez</strong> got most of the credit for.</span></span><br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-GjP0tIABeuc/XSqZ_6u9lhI/AAAAAAAAL4I/fqxYVlVPjrknNQbwrsUx9fu0vuUiLA3qwCLcBGAs/s1600/chicxulub.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="720" data-original-width="1280" height="225" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-GjP0tIABeuc/XSqZ_6u9lhI/AAAAAAAAL4I/fqxYVlVPjrknNQbwrsUx9fu0vuUiLA3qwCLcBGAs/s400/chicxulub.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-WBbm9RZMxaY/XSqZ_5uXmHI/AAAAAAAAL4M/oC00-7rm2-4UxB4Pby4tDs0CkCOesXZEgCLcBGAs/s1600/Chicxulub395.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="744" data-original-width="1366" height="217" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-WBbm9RZMxaY/XSqZ_5uXmHI/AAAAAAAAL4M/oC00-7rm2-4UxB4Pby4tDs0CkCOesXZEgCLcBGAs/s400/Chicxulub395.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-yhgBRk8K7gY/XSqaDby3wxI/AAAAAAAAL4Q/0Bcc75DBO4QcaYGtq_I-4ArPAMYypxbIwCLcBGAs/s1600/cratergrav-large.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="542" data-original-width="418" height="400" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-yhgBRk8K7gY/XSqaDby3wxI/AAAAAAAAL4Q/0Bcc75DBO4QcaYGtq_I-4ArPAMYypxbIwCLcBGAs/s400/cratergrav-large.jpg" width="307" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><strong>CHICXLULB, YUCATAN PENINSULA MEXICO<br />
<a href="http://discovermagazine.com/2016/oct/drilling-to--doomsday" style="color: #007c89;" target="_blank">http://discovermagazine.com/2016/oct/drilling-to--doomsday</a></strong></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px;">I am learning more about this every day,
but as I understand it now, the Alvarez's work focused primarily on one
impact event which is now known as the <em>Chicxulub</em> site on the
Yucatan peninsula of Mexico, and is believed to be what triggered the
mass-extinction sequence of 65-66 million years ago. The work of Clube
and Napier, both of whom are professional astronomers unlike the Alvarez
team, on the other hand, investigates a much bigger picture involving
the origin of super-comets as a function of the sun's motion through the
arms of the Milky Way. Clube and Napier's work, moreover, enables a
degree of chronological awareness providing a predictive capability.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><br /><span style="font-family: verdana,geneva,sans-serif;">In a nutshell, the Earth intersects the orbit of Encke twice a year, which I am calling the 'Encke windows'. Right now on 30 June we are smack in the middle of one of these windows, which runs from late June into early July, and is associated with the beta Taurid and zeta Perseid daytime meteor showers, detectable by radar. I am giving it a week each way, but what we're describing is a probability distribution more than an astronomical alignment. The other 'Encke window' is in late October and early November; this is when the northern and southern <em>Taurid </em>meteor showers occur.</span></span></span><br />
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These two periods of time are when the Earth passes through the path of
all the fragments and debris that remain from the disintegration of the
primary super-comet body; logically, these are the most likely times
that we would experience an impact from any Encke-related object.</span></span><br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-YAY0zc7dqHo/XSqaY-0wxMI/AAAAAAAAL4c/eCEHNlLApzApcKyeSfVjVDbTDgclx3eFACLcBGAs/s1600/lake%2Bcheko%2Binformation_items_5316.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="460" data-original-width="720" height="255" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-YAY0zc7dqHo/XSqaY-0wxMI/AAAAAAAAL4c/eCEHNlLApzApcKyeSfVjVDbTDgclx3eFACLcBGAs/s400/lake%2Bcheko%2Binformation_items_5316.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>LAKE CHEKO, TUNGUSKA, SIBERIA</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px;">Note that today, 30 June, is the 111th anniversary of the <strong>Tunguska</strong>
Siberia event, the largest explosion ever witnessed or recorded on
Earth. Believed to be an airburst from an inbound comet or asteroid,
entire forests were leveled and burned for thousands of square
kilometers and seismic shock waves measured around the world. No object
remained for examination, but a circular lake marks the spot today.</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">"</span><span style="color: white; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; line-height: 30px;">One hundred and eleven years ago, [on 30 June 1908] hundreds of reindeer and a few dozen humans witnessed an </span><a class="textTag" href="https://phys.org/tags/asteroid+impact/" rel="tag" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 30px; text-decoration: none;">asteroid impact</a><span style="color: white; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; line-height: 30px;">—although they didn't know it at the time. An explosion left a scene in Siberia, Russia, with little evidence of its origin except flattening 500,000 acres of uninhabited forest, scorching the land, creating "glowing clouds" and producing </span><a class="textTag" href="https://phys.org/tags/shock+waves/" rel="tag" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 30px; text-decoration: none;">shock waves</a><span style="color: white; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; line-height: 30px;"> that were detected around the world. Newspapers reported this may have been a volcanic explosion or a mining accident or—a far-fetched idea—that this might have been an asteroid or comet hitting Earth."</span><span style="font-size: 18px;"><br />
<br />
<strong><a href="https://phys.org/news/2019-06-tunguska-revisited-year-old-mystery-impact.html" style="color: #007c89;" target="_blank">https://phys.org/news/2019-06-tunguska-revisited-year-old-mystery-impact.html</a></strong><br />
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Two years ago a team of Czech astronomers published the results of their
research which led them to believe that a great number of large
daughter-fragments of Encke exist but are not visible to us due to being
obscured by clouds of dust and debris, making another Tunguska-level
event much more probable than had previously been believed.<br />
<br />
I had a very freaky experience in 2015 here on <em>Aotea</em>. I'd been
swimming with a pod of dolphins every day for a week right here, and was
deeply connected with them...something I cannot put into words but
could...and can...feel quite powerfully. One afternoon I had just
returned from the ocean and was sitting at my art table when WHAM! Out
of the blue this extraordinarily clear image appeared in my mind's eye,
unlike anything I'd ever experienced before. I knew that this image had
been telepathically transmitted to me by the dolphins (they are known
for this kind of thing), but what really blew me away was not just that
it was from them, but what it was an image of: it was an impression of
what a comet or asteroid might look like seconds before impact if it
were on a trajectory directly toward the observer, that is, coming
straight at you. Implicit in this transmission was not only that
ancestors of the dolphins of today had witnessed something like this and
had lived to share it (and now its stored within their collective
memory) but even more significantly, that something like this was about
to happen again in the near future. I can't give any dates or numbers
but the message was clear as a bell and its urgency has stayed with me
ever since it happened.</span></span><br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-BGoVqfT3cCU/XSqal8oGy4I/AAAAAAAAL4g/XDwpkDqo-bQoMxAzy-UqMOpI6Mqq7YBFACLcBGAs/s1600/284-8%2B24301d7e-c99b-46b6-ae00-4b34946cc003.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="400" data-original-width="600" height="266" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-BGoVqfT3cCU/XSqal8oGy4I/AAAAAAAAL4g/XDwpkDqo-bQoMxAzy-UqMOpI6Mqq7YBFACLcBGAs/s400/284-8%2B24301d7e-c99b-46b6-ae00-4b34946cc003.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><strong>"SO LONG, AND THANKS FOR ALL THE FUSH!"</strong></span></span><br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-981nxBkBWsI/XRh5wEgMnhI/AAAAAAAAL3c/pXFsuwj_xmoZ_SGX10WzN3U-f_6tOE4GwCLcBGAs/s1600/WP_20151212_012A.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="992" data-original-width="804" height="400" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-981nxBkBWsI/XRh5wEgMnhI/AAAAAAAAL3c/pXFsuwj_xmoZ_SGX10WzN3U-f_6tOE4GwCLcBGAs/s400/WP_20151212_012A.jpg" width="323" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>IMAGE TRANSMITTED TO ME BY DOLPHINS,</b></span></div>
<b style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;">IMPRESSION OF SECONDS BEFORE IMPACT</b><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b><br /></b></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><strong><i>[NOTE: I am working on a painting of this now!]</i></strong><br />
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When did this transmission from the dolphins occur? </span><strong style="font-size: 18px;">On 25 October 2015, right in the middle of the Oct-Nov Encke window.</strong></span><br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-xqYgyyw7AxE/XSqbEsXWWKI/AAAAAAAAL4w/TLO2rpdc37QXiIG80__B4vX0lEnWTtMwQCLcBGAs/s1600/284-10%2B3391e619-64d4-46a0-bf4c-a60c9c9339e9.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="554" data-original-width="768" height="287" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-xqYgyyw7AxE/XSqbEsXWWKI/AAAAAAAAL4w/TLO2rpdc37QXiIG80__B4vX0lEnWTtMwQCLcBGAs/s400/284-10%2B3391e619-64d4-46a0-bf4c-a60c9c9339e9.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-mKEBZqQdaA8/XSqchQNym5I/AAAAAAAAL5E/Q4xj27lEXC8ACTH12H7eBE6rvxaPdp8iwCLcBGAs/s1600/284-12%2B48254e26-f4e5-4a6c-99e1-812bc143dbd3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="600" height="400" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-mKEBZqQdaA8/XSqchQNym5I/AAAAAAAAL5E/Q4xj27lEXC8ACTH12H7eBE6rvxaPdp8iwCLcBGAs/s400/284-12%2B48254e26-f4e5-4a6c-99e1-812bc143dbd3.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px;">Right now here in New Zealand the Maori New Year called </span><strong style="font-size: 18px;">Matariki </strong><span style="font-size: 18px;">is being celebrated. Matariki is their name for the Pleiades, and it is around this time of year that they are seen to rise in the darkening evening sky. The November Encke window meteor stream of early November emanates from within the constellation Taurus, hence the name Taurids, and the Pleiades are the shoulder of Taurus the Bull. The June-July Encke window has Pleiades on the horizon, and the Oct-Nov window has them at the zenith. The Pleiades, or </span><em style="font-size: 18px;">Seven Sisters</em><span style="font-size: 18px;">, figure heavily in the mythology of many indigenous cultures, often thought of as 'where our ancestors came from.' Very interesting food for thought, the connections between the Pleiades, Encke, the origins of water and life as we know her...and the fate of civilization?</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>RUCAPILLAN NIGHTSCAPE (Jeff Phillips, 2007)</b></span></div>
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<a href="http://dolphinmatrix.com/Jeff"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b>http://dolphinmatrix.com/Jeff</b></span></a></div>
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Jeff Weffersonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16055962946869392042noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-30418363.post-26234675967707804452019-04-30T03:04:00.000-07:002019-04-30T03:14:28.590-07:00TASMANIA AS GONDWANALAND / LIESBET VERSTRAETEN HAPPY BIRTHDAY :)<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-EsrF8UyOan4/XMfWfO54kXI/AAAAAAAALpU/uVZLgM2n4s0d67-4IDa7VGLEa_f9AwpEQCLcBGAs/s1600/DSC_10029a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="650" data-original-width="976" height="266" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-EsrF8UyOan4/XMfWfO54kXI/AAAAAAAALpU/uVZLgM2n4s0d67-4IDa7VGLEa_f9AwpEQCLcBGAs/s400/DSC_10029a.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: white; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b style="background-color: black;">LIESBET AT BOTTLE NECK BAY FLINDERS ISLAND TASMANIA</b></span></div>
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<strong style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">"Reading the country was once essential to Aboriginal people's survival. It has become something of a lost art, which is a great pity. Mostly natural processes are slow and subtle and remain unseen and ignored. The danger is that by failing to pay attention to the forces, large and small, which shape our landscapes, not only do the landscapes suffer but we are impoverished in spirit ourselves."<br /><br /><em>John Landy</em></span></strong></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , "geneva" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: white; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px;"><b style="background-color: black;">PETER DOMBROVSKIS, LAKE OBERON</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: 18px; line-height: 24px;">Welcome to </span><em style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: 18px; line-height: 24px;">On The Brin</em><span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: 18px; line-height: 24px;">k radio comin' atcha from the central highlands of Tasmania. This week's show is in honour of 'little Tassie' as not only the place where I've had some of my most powerful and amazing adventures and where some of the most interesting and coolest people I know live, but also as an extraordinarily unique land with some of the most beautiful and spectacular landscapes in all of Australia as well as endemic florae and faunae, some of whom have been alive since the 'break-up' of the ancient super-continent called </span><em style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: 18px; line-height: 24px;">Gondwana</em><span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: 18px; line-height: 24px;"> by geologist Edward Suess.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; line-height: 24px;"><span style="color: white; font-size: x-small;"><b style="background-color: black;">GONDWANA SUPER-CONTINENT (so we think!)</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: 18px; line-height: 24px;">The first half of this show gives a run-down of my visits to Tasmania since 2001 and the truly legendary people I've met and places I've been honoured to be able to visit; the second half gives an overview of the unique plants, animals and landscape ancestors who comprise what is to me the real Tasmania.</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: 18px; line-height: 24px;">Tasmania was the birthplace of Australia's first wilderness photography as well as Australia's environmental movement. </span><strong style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: 18px; line-height: 24px;">Olegas Truchenas </strong><span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: 18px; line-height: 24px;">and </span><strong style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: 18px; line-height: 24px;">Peter Dombrovskis </strong><span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: 18px; line-height: 24px;">shared the beauty and power of Tasmanian landscapes, catalyzed resistance to the damming of Lake Pedder and stopped a subsequent project to dam the Franklin River.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; line-height: 24px;"><span style="color: white; font-size: x-small;"><b style="background-color: black;">LAKE PEDDER, MID-1950'S BEFORE DAMMING</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; line-height: 24px;"><span style="color: white; font-size: x-small;"><b style="background-color: black;">PETER DOMBROVSKIS, COX BIGHT, SOUTH COAST</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;"><strong style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: 18px; line-height: 24px;">PETER DOMBROVSKIS PHOTOS<br /><span style="color: #007c89;"><a href="http://aniwaniwa-lokahi-renavigation.blogspot.com/2014/10/wild-island-tasmania-gallery-peter.html">http://aniwaniwa-lokahi-renavigation.blogspot.com/2014/10/wild-island-tasmania-gallery-peter.html</a></span></strong><a href="http://aniwaniwa-lokahi-renavigation.blogspot.com/2014/10/wild-island-tasmania-gallery-peter.html"><br style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: 18px; line-height: 24px;" /></a></span><br />
<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: 18px; line-height: 24px;">Tasmania is just as maritime of an environment as New Zealand, but she lacks the oceanic awareness that most Kiwi's take for granted. Tasmania in no way needs the tourism gimmickry of the whale-watching business or the 'swim with sting-rays' mentality that would make Sir Peter Blake roll in his davey jone's locker...but she could use a bit of enhanced acknowledgement on the part of the people who live here that, yes, Tasmania is surrounded by a lot of ocean in every direction, an ocean teeming with myriad and wonderful life-forms.</span></div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-LXg8BPPEvYw/XMgZnneYZ9I/AAAAAAAALtY/iasmm3LnpsU3dypmyEG7LaXiID0S4i7rACLcBGAs/s1600/otb%2B275%2Baus%2Bcurrents%2Bfile-20180607-137315-18kq9f1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;"><img border="0" data-original-height="619" data-original-width="1000" height="247" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-LXg8BPPEvYw/XMgZnneYZ9I/AAAAAAAALtY/iasmm3LnpsU3dypmyEG7LaXiID0S4i7rACLcBGAs/s400/otb%2B275%2Baus%2Bcurrents%2Bfile-20180607-137315-18kq9f1.png" width="400" /></span></a></div>
<span style="color: white; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b style="background-color: black;">AUSTRALIA'S OCEAN CURRENTS</b></span><br />
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<span style="color: white; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b style="background-color: black;">TASMANIA'S OCEAN CURRENTS</b></span><br />
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<span style="color: white; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b style="background-color: black;">"<i>NOWHERE ELSE ON EARTH:</i> TASMANIA'S MARINE NATURAL VALUES"</b></span><br />
<span style="color: white; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b><a href="https://d3n8a8pro7vhmx.cloudfront.net/marine/pages/609/attachments/original/1500603668/NowhereElseOnEarthReport.pdf?1500603668" style="background-color: black;">https://d3n8a8pro7vhmx.cloudfront.net/marine/pages/609/attachments/original/1500603668/NowhereElseOnEarthReport.pdf?1500603668</a></b></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;"> <span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>HUMPBACKS AND SOUTHERN RIGHTS</b></span></span><br />
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-QsICLQ8uEEM/XMgZ61Ks19I/AAAAAAAALts/nKeLRV13i44zGgvCpvERyYz7wfEPu1DNgCLcBGAs/s1600/otb%2B275%2BBottlenose-Dolphins-768x487.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="color: white; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b style="background-color: black;"><img border="0" data-original-height="487" data-original-width="768" height="252" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-QsICLQ8uEEM/XMgZ61Ks19I/AAAAAAAALts/nKeLRV13i44zGgvCpvERyYz7wfEPu1DNgCLcBGAs/s400/otb%2B275%2BBottlenose-Dolphins-768x487.jpg" width="400" /></b></span></a></div>
<span style="color: white; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b style="background-color: black;"> BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHINS</b></span><br />
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-j7Y3ihcoffM/XMgaFCSBfSI/AAAAAAAALt4/NhbOQzMQNE0NSGDyT9X8Vmdku4ImV-Z0QCLcBGAs/s1600/otb%2B275%2BLeafy-Sea-Dragon-Rapid-Bay-Smaller_WEB.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="color: white; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b style="background-color: black;"><img border="0" data-original-height="667" data-original-width="1000" height="266" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-j7Y3ihcoffM/XMgaFCSBfSI/AAAAAAAALt4/NhbOQzMQNE0NSGDyT9X8Vmdku4ImV-Z0QCLcBGAs/s400/otb%2B275%2BLeafy-Sea-Dragon-Rapid-Bay-Smaller_WEB.jpg" width="400" /></b></span></a></div>
<span style="color: white; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b style="background-color: black;">WEEDY SEA-DRAGON</b></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Tasmania also has on occasion two of the most awesomely magical and beautiful gifts Mother Nature has to share with us, <i>bio-luminescence</i> and the <i>aurora</i>, in this case, <i>australis, </i>both of which I've witnessed but not in Tasmania.</span><br />
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-12HtFZkpsm8/XMgdKsPFA-I/AAAAAAAALuM/Y0Xguc7tKpc_rubV5YFgIlQN5VRwmCBrACLcBGAs/s1600/otb%2B275%2Bbio-lum%2Be0244d54c123d89e7da81bb3df42e324.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;"><img border="0" data-original-height="395" data-original-width="704" height="223" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-12HtFZkpsm8/XMgdKsPFA-I/AAAAAAAALuM/Y0Xguc7tKpc_rubV5YFgIlQN5VRwmCBrACLcBGAs/s400/otb%2B275%2Bbio-lum%2Be0244d54c123d89e7da81bb3df42e324.jpeg" width="400" /></span></a></div>
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<strong style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: 18px; line-height: 24px;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">LISTEN AND/OR DOWN-LOAD ANYTIME ARCHIVE LINK FOR THIS SHOW<br /><a href="https://soundcloud.com/user-272031059/on-the-brink-radio-275-tasmania-today-gondwana-is-alive">https://soundcloud.com/user-272031059/on-the-brink-radio-275-tasmania-today-gondwana-is-alive</a></span></strong><br />
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: 18px; line-height: 24px;">And I'd like to wish a beautiful happy birthday to Liesbet Verstraeten, with whom I was very lucky to share five amazing years. As far as I know, she is living somewhere in Tasmania, picking fruit when it's the season and hopefully painting rocks and playing her flute. Today when I sat down to send her a birthday email I looked out the window to see the first rainbow or 'aniwaniwa' I'd seen in months...a very symbolic synchronicity as Liesbet and I were always huge fans of rainbows. I can tell the ancestors and nature devas are smiling on us now as much as ever.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;"> <span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>FIRST <i>ANIWANIWA</i> I'VE SEEN IN MONTHS :)</b></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-jNYrsqcF4wc/XMfawEZ6djI/AAAAAAAALqA/ZWWD1gp7PnY_PrE8TLwzVU9ifWiJBHrYQCLcBGAs/s1600/otb%2B275-5%2Bcec3cb80-90d3-458f-ac8b-70bd0089048e.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="color: white; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b style="background-color: black;"><img border="0" data-original-height="650" data-original-width="976" height="266" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-jNYrsqcF4wc/XMfawEZ6djI/AAAAAAAALqA/ZWWD1gp7PnY_PrE8TLwzVU9ifWiJBHrYQCLcBGAs/s400/otb%2B275-5%2Bcec3cb80-90d3-458f-ac8b-70bd0089048e.jpg" width="400" /></b></span></a></div>
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<span style="color: white; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b style="background-color: black;"> LIESBET WITH CUPPA and HUNDERTWASSER CARD,</b></span></div>
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<span style="color: white; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b style="background-color: black;">BALARNIA, FLINDERS ISLAND, 2011</b></span></div>
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<span style="color: white; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b style="background-color: black;">"We must strive for a peace treaty with nature, the only superior creative power on which man depends. This peace treaty with nature would have to contain at least the following points:</b></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>1) We must learn the language of nature in order to</b> <b>reach an understanding of her.</b></span></div>
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<span style="color: white; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b style="background-color: black;">2) We must give back territories to nature which we have misappropriated and devastated. For example, according to the principle: everything which is horizontal, under the open sky, belongs to nature, including, for example, roof, roads.</b></span></div>
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<span style="color: white; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b style="background-color: black;">3) Tolerance of spontaneous vegetation.</b></span></div>
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<span style="color: white; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b style="background-color: black;">4) The creation of man and the creation of nature must be reunited. The schism of these creations has had catastrophic consequences for nature and man.</b></span></div>
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<span style="color: white; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b style="background-color: black;">5) Life in harmony with the laws of nature.</b></span></div>
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<span style="color: white; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b style="background-color: black;">6) We are only the guests of nature and must behave accordingly. Man is the most dangerous pest ever to devastate the Earth. Man must put himself behind ecological barriers so the Earth can regenerate.</b></span></div>
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<span style="color: white; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b style="background-color: black;">7) Human society must again become a waste-free society. For only he who honours his own waste and re-uses it in a waste-free society transforms death into Life and has the right to live on this Earth. Because he respects the cycle, and allows the rebirth of life to occur."</b></span></div>
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<span style="color: white; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b style="background-color: black;">FRIEDRICH HUNDERTWASSER, <i>"PEACE TREATY WITH NATURE"</i></b></span></div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-_h9iF-PRCuI/XMfawbFQHII/AAAAAAAALqE/2ndH12ytnocMZ1sZtvGvs5nPoJiL_yiXACLcBGAs/s1600/otb%2B275-6%2Bf926a5bb-2748-4a29-a91e-d485ad042133.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="color: white; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b style="background-color: black;"><img border="0" data-original-height="709" data-original-width="472" height="400" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-_h9iF-PRCuI/XMfawbFQHII/AAAAAAAALqE/2ndH12ytnocMZ1sZtvGvs5nPoJiL_yiXACLcBGAs/s400/otb%2B275-6%2Bf926a5bb-2748-4a29-a91e-d485ad042133.jpg" width="266" /></b></span></a></div>
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<span style="color: white; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b style="background-color: black;"> OUR 'CHICKEN ROCK', FLINDERS ISLAND</b></span></div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-3KfIQz76SO0/XMfaxT568nI/AAAAAAAALqM/9ZF_zJvbtpAtY6XQqXLOH23QzbT2iW3eQCLcBGAs/s1600/otb%2B275-7%2Bec80f227-4f01-47fe-a699-516628b7a8cc.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="color: white; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b style="background-color: black;"><img border="0" data-original-height="709" data-original-width="472" height="400" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-3KfIQz76SO0/XMfaxT568nI/AAAAAAAALqM/9ZF_zJvbtpAtY6XQqXLOH23QzbT2iW3eQCLcBGAs/s400/otb%2B275-7%2Bec80f227-4f01-47fe-a699-516628b7a8cc.jpg" width="266" /></b></span></a></div>
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<span style="line-height: 24px;"><span style="color: white; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b style="background-color: black;">SHADOWS OF TOGETHERNESS :)</b></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-N6WQkn9ScRE/XMfg6v7i4FI/AAAAAAAALq0/XBDE1nXFxlMp7BSuFdvC1x27Jtpvf-mWACLcBGAs/s1600/DSC_9376a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;"><img border="0" data-original-height="709" data-original-width="1206" height="235" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-N6WQkn9ScRE/XMfg6v7i4FI/AAAAAAAALq0/XBDE1nXFxlMp7BSuFdvC1x27Jtpvf-mWACLcBGAs/s400/DSC_9376a.jpg" width="400" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="color: white; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b style="background-color: black;">GIFT FOR LIESBET FROM ME, 2012</b></span></div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-_ECtg4pxG8Y/XMfhesgdamI/AAAAAAAALrA/EvmTHulhcnMY_tWFU4sAPI0h72HEXvb8gCLcBGAs/s1600/DSC_5731a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;"><img border="0" data-original-height="827" data-original-width="818" height="400" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-_ECtg4pxG8Y/XMfhesgdamI/AAAAAAAALrA/EvmTHulhcnMY_tWFU4sAPI0h72HEXvb8gCLcBGAs/s400/DSC_5731a.jpg" width="395" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;"> <span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>"HUNAB HIKU", PAINTING FOR ROB ALLISTON, HOBART, 2007</b></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-cIaEzPQ40QY/XMfhmIohNeI/AAAAAAAALrE/wY_d4pWzsI83O8l-xZOcYnah2JZy4xgUgCLcBGAs/s1600/WP_20160430_011.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="color: white; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b style="background-color: black;"><img border="0" data-original-height="899" data-original-width="1600" height="223" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-cIaEzPQ40QY/XMfhmIohNeI/AAAAAAAALrE/wY_d4pWzsI83O8l-xZOcYnah2JZy4xgUgCLcBGAs/s400/WP_20160430_011.jpg" width="400" /></b></span></a></div>
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<span style="color: white; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b style="background-color: black;">"S'AHA DJED", MURAL FOR BRUCE ROBERTS, HOBART, 2003</b></span></div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-krXKiidSmv4/XMfkngQ4UGI/AAAAAAAALrQ/c158TBkEqAoihRYqDLwoJyjV18SIbeFPQCLcBGAs/s1600/DSC_5650a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;"><img border="0" data-original-height="650" data-original-width="976" height="266" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-krXKiidSmv4/XMfkngQ4UGI/AAAAAAAALrQ/c158TBkEqAoihRYqDLwoJyjV18SIbeFPQCLcBGAs/s400/DSC_5650a.jpg" width="400" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="line-height: 24px;"><span style="color: white; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b style="background-color: black;">ROB ALLISTON AND ME HITCHING TO CRADLE, 2015</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #202020; font-family: "helvetica";"><span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-size: 18px; line-height: 24px;">Rob Alliston was (and is) a true spiritual brother, a genuine legendary Tasmanian and one of the loveliest people I have known here. I'd known him since 2001 until he passed away in November 2018, from complications of his Parkinson's syndrome. He was an avid environmentalist and had a great respect for the indigenous people of Australia, and he was a great supporter of me and my work, especially concerning the whales and dolphins and my art, and was also a great supporter of Liesbet and I when we were together.</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #202020; font-family: "helvetica";"><span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-size: 18px; line-height: 24px;">Here is a link to listen to an interview I did with him on my radio show:</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #202020; font-family: "helvetica";"><span style="color: white; font-size: 18px; line-height: 24px;"><b><a href="https://soundcloud.com/user-614281051/on-the-brink-radio-262-rob-alliston-tribute" style="background-color: black;">https://soundcloud.com/user-614281051/on-the-brink-radio-262-rob-alliston-tribute</a></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #202020; font-family: "helvetica";"><span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-size: 18px; line-height: 24px;">And a blog post in his honour:</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #202020; font-family: "helvetica";"><span style="color: white; font-size: 18px; line-height: 24px;"><a href="http://synthaissance.blogspot.com/2019/01/rob-alliston-tasmanian-icon-and.html"><b style="background-color: black;">http://synthaissance.blogspot.com/2019/01/rob-alliston-tasmanian-icon-and.html</b></a></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-_8c5SgGvrtw/XMfgCqxVdtI/AAAAAAAALqw/W0EHykdCJ48--sHv3EdamqPyHnfIP6X8ACEwYBhgL/s1600/otb%2B275-8%2B31775cf9-3ed3-49aa-b84a-d01b4b9597ff.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;"><img border="0" data-original-height="591" data-original-width="551" height="400" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-_8c5SgGvrtw/XMfgCqxVdtI/AAAAAAAALqw/W0EHykdCJ48--sHv3EdamqPyHnfIP6X8ACEwYBhgL/s400/otb%2B275-8%2B31775cf9-3ed3-49aa-b84a-d01b4b9597ff.jpg" width="372" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="line-height: 24px;"><span style="color: white; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b style="background-color: black;">LIESBET'S GIFT TO ROB :)</b></span></span></div>
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<strong style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: 18px; line-height: 24px;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">THE CREATIVE WONDER OF LIESBET VERSTRAETEN<br /><a href="http://renavigating-the-human-process.blogspot.com/2012/10/the-creative-wonder-of-liesbet.html">http://renavigating-the-human-process.blogspot.com/2012/10/the-creative-wonder-of-liesbet.html</a></span></strong></div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-XIrdgNpBRqc/XMfoSPRZsvI/AAAAAAAALrc/jd5Lrd6rfYY51T9t5__RTiVj-1OHCX2oQCLcBGAs/s1600/LIESBET%2527S%2BFIRST%2BPAINTING.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1134" data-original-width="1361" height="332" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-XIrdgNpBRqc/XMfoSPRZsvI/AAAAAAAALrc/jd5Lrd6rfYY51T9t5__RTiVj-1OHCX2oQCLcBGAs/s400/LIESBET%2527S%2BFIRST%2BPAINTING.jpg" width="400" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="color: white; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b style="background-color: black;">LIESBET'S VERY FIRST PAINTING, BELGIUM, 2007</b></span></div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-p0AErrvssKc/XMforFBIZoI/AAAAAAAALrk/iJsxy1E_7fAAIEa65tcD3QBInCJ6rfbVgCLcBGAs/s1600/MANAPOURI%2BDREAMING%2BSMALLEST.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="color: white; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b style="background-color: black;"><img border="0" data-original-height="160" data-original-width="800" height="80" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-p0AErrvssKc/XMforFBIZoI/AAAAAAAALrk/iJsxy1E_7fAAIEa65tcD3QBInCJ6rfbVgCLcBGAs/s400/MANAPOURI%2BDREAMING%2BSMALLEST.jpg" width="400" /></b></span></a></div>
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<span style="color: white; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b style="background-color: black;">MANAPOURI NZ MURAL, JEFF AND LIESBET, 2011</b></span></div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-1X4BeiCDel4/XMfppf7asBI/AAAAAAAALrw/CAl-X98DCDoog5p1fcEPQIAFVbtMIfDaQCLcBGAs/s1600/DSC_4250a%2BLIESBET%2527S.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="color: white; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b style="background-color: black;"><img border="0" data-original-height="650" data-original-width="968" height="267" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-1X4BeiCDel4/XMfppf7asBI/AAAAAAAALrw/CAl-X98DCDoog5p1fcEPQIAFVbtMIfDaQCLcBGAs/s400/DSC_4250a%2BLIESBET%2527S.jpg" width="400" /></b></span></a></div>
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<span style="color: white; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b style="background-color: black;">SOME OF LIESBET'S ROCKS, 2015</b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">See my main site for more of our work together</span></span><br />
<span style="color: white; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"><a href="https://dolphinmatrix.com/Jeff"><b style="background-color: black;">https://dolphinmatrix.com/Jeff</b></a></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: 18px; line-height: 24px;">Tasmania in general and Flinders Island in particular have some of the most beautiful and unique landscapes in all of the Australia that I've come to know and love since 2000.</span></div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Fl0wCTcLelU/XMfrxI-SKQI/AAAAAAAALr8/w4TvdC4Js1ot7YH2vxT8ckjp79kY8CkYQCLcBGAs/s1600/otb%2B275-9%2B7f8c35fe-1075-4ea0-ab25-c1d0b08141e9.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;"><img border="0" data-original-height="650" data-original-width="976" height="266" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Fl0wCTcLelU/XMfrxI-SKQI/AAAAAAAALr8/w4TvdC4Js1ot7YH2vxT8ckjp79kY8CkYQCLcBGAs/s400/otb%2B275-9%2B7f8c35fe-1075-4ea0-ab25-c1d0b08141e9.jpg" width="400" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="line-height: 24px;"><span style="color: white; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b style="background-color: black;">OLD MAN'S HEAD, FLINDERS ISLAND, 2011</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: 18px; line-height: 24px;">Here are some selections of my Flinders Island photos. Note that Google has been threatening to take down their awesome <i>Picasaweb</i> platform, so these photos could disappear at any time. I am currently in the process of looking for a new photo-sharing platform to put my work on.</span></div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-mMwGmQnzLQU/XMfyEjU575I/AAAAAAAALsQ/hEVFKGGSkMQz0MQTSRG8EU2QoOdK8L_dwCLcBGAs/s1600/DSC_0647a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;"><img border="0" data-original-height="650" data-original-width="976" height="266" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-mMwGmQnzLQU/XMfyEjU575I/AAAAAAAALsQ/hEVFKGGSkMQz0MQTSRG8EU2QoOdK8L_dwCLcBGAs/s400/DSC_0647a.jpg" width="400" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="color: white; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small; line-height: 24px;"><b style="background-color: black;">"NOSE ROCK", FLINDERS ISLAND</b></span></div>
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<strong style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;"><span style="color: white; font-size: 14px;"><a href="https://get.google.com/albumarchive/108170299021012118933/album/AF1QipMd3X_CXzEwpX_6B6oKKWGdqJX_g4smdoi71Wsp" style="background-color: black;">https://get.google.com/albumarchive/108170299021012118933/album/AF1QipMd3X_CXzEwpX_6B6oKKWGdqJX_g4smdoi71Wsp</a></span></strong></div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-bOi0xOB7lD8/XMfyiIiulII/AAAAAAAALsY/PDMr-s1EnHEMSrmeOsJh1q3IJXhbqst_QCLcBGAs/s1600/arnes.fi.house.flowers.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;"><img border="0" data-original-height="650" data-original-width="976" height="266" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-bOi0xOB7lD8/XMfyiIiulII/AAAAAAAALsY/PDMr-s1EnHEMSrmeOsJh1q3IJXhbqst_QCLcBGAs/s400/arnes.fi.house.flowers.jpg" width="400" /></span></a></div>
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<strong style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-size: 14px;">"BALARNIA", FLINDERS ISLAND<br /><a href="https://get.google.com/albumarchive/108170299021012118933/album/AF1QipOpEtLMrxb4_gXMqprd5KejjgEzZgeL_KATXS5b">https://get.google.com/albumarchive/108170299021012118933/album/AF1QipOpEtLMrxb4_gXMqprd5KejjgEzZgeL_KATXS5b</a></span></strong></div>
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<strong style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-size: 14px;">KILLIECRANKIE, FLINDERS ISLAND<br /><a href="https://get.google.com/albumarchive/103250190528562753850/album/AF1QipO9H6lYUk1Z-cyYwshrnOKUS_MJ2tmT1S2-QYp2">https://get.google.com/albumarchive/103250190528562753850/album/AF1QipO9H6lYUk1Z-cyYwshrnOKUS_MJ2tmT1S2-QYp2</a></span></strong></div>
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<span style="line-height: 24px;"><span style="color: white; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b style="background-color: black;">MOTHER EARTH TEMPLE, FLINDERS ISLAND 2011</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 24px;"><span style="color: white; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b style="background-color: black;">(facing east from crown chakra medicine wheel)</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: 18px; line-height: 24px;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: 18px; line-height: 24px;">In 2011 Liesbet and I lived at our friend's remote property on Flinders Island for over four months, during which time we conceived, embarked on and completed what is still the biggest and most comprehensive art project I've ever undertaken. We called it our 'Mother Earth Temple.' It contains, among other things, over 1000 rocks, 100+ of them painted; a metric ton or more of sand; symbols, designs and motifs honouring several indigenous spiritual traditions and cosmologies; and over 1200 person-hours of exclusively manual labour.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: 18px; line-height: 24px;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: white; font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: 18px; line-height: 24px;"><strong style="background-color: black;">OUR 'MOTHER EARTH TEMPLE'</strong></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: 14px; line-height: 24px;"><strong><span style="color: white;"><a href="https://get.google.com/albumarchive/103250190528562753850/album/AF1QipNB1xlBRz8Nn4_ATV8YT_5rB7VKTGhDdldAxGDd" style="background-color: black;">https://get.google.com/albumarchive/103250190528562753850/album/AF1QipNB1xlBRz8Nn4_ATV8YT_5rB7VKTGhDdldAxGDd</a></span></strong></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: 18px; line-height: 24px;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: 18px; line-height: 24px;">This is the story of the freakiest thing not only that ever happened to me in Tasmania, and not only in Australia, but maybe in my whole life.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: 18px; line-height: 24px;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<strong style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-size: 18px;">"THE GHOULEST AND THE COOLEST: A REAL HITCH-HIKING ADVENTURE" JEFF PHILLIPS<br /><span style="color: #007c89;"><a href="http://synthaissance.blogspot.com/2009/07/ghoulest-and-coolest-real-hitch-hiking.html">http://synthaissance.blogspot.com/2009/07/ghoulest-and-coolest-real-hitch-hiking.html</a></span></span></strong></div>
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<strong style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-size: 18px;"><br /></span></strong></div>
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<strong style="line-height: 24px;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">CUSHION PLANT WITH LOT'S WIFE,</span></strong><br />
<strong style="line-height: 24px;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">PETER DOMBROVSKIS</span></strong></div>
Jeff Weffersonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16055962946869392042noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-30418363.post-85363637147420832952019-02-05T21:16:00.003-08:002019-02-05T21:21:03.581-08:00"SANDFLY...SANDFLY...WHERE ART THOU?" JEFF PHILLIPS<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-LtiCwhEdpBM/XFpsZ6oENxI/AAAAAAAALoY/WQGA4eg4gD8glfYYKQPH8X8v3Vs339R6ACLcBGAs/s1600/Sandfly2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="690" data-original-width="1200" height="184" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-LtiCwhEdpBM/XFpsZ6oENxI/AAAAAAAALoY/WQGA4eg4gD8glfYYKQPH8X8v3Vs339R6ACLcBGAs/s320/Sandfly2.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="line-height: 19.2px;"><span style="color: white; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><i><b style="background-color: black;">Austrosimulium australense</b></i></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-rBP5ZZfxDzQ/XFpsaFMs-yI/AAAAAAAALoc/fJn4lr_n8eY0j9Y4Wgrl6tr_H2VwhUDdACLcBGAs/s1600/sandfly_header1-2000x1331.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1065" data-original-width="1600" height="213" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-rBP5ZZfxDzQ/XFpsaFMs-yI/AAAAAAAALoc/fJn4lr_n8eY0j9Y4Wgrl6tr_H2VwhUDdACLcBGAs/s320/sandfly_header1-2000x1331.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b><i>Hemophilius Bloodtuckeris</i></b></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14.0pt;"><b>"SAND
FLY, SAND FLY…WHERE ART THOU?"<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Sand
fly, sand fly, where art thou?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Hiding
in yon shady bough?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Waiting
for the cool of eve<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Your
next extractions to conceive?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Sand
fly, sand fly, bite me not,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Behold
the welts that you’ve begot!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Sand
fly, sand fly go and bite<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Another
friend onto alight!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Sand
fly, sand fly, I love you,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14.0pt;">You’re
God’s creature, pure and true,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14.0pt;">You
need blood ‘cause it’s your tucker,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Yet
bless another with your sucker!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Sand
fly, sand fly, seek in vain<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14.0pt;">A
hidden artery to drain,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Our
corpuscles live in fear<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Of
your tiny pointed sucking spear.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Sand
fly, sand fly, biting hard,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14.0pt;">When
it comes to blood you’re no retard.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14.0pt;">To
feed your insatiable appetite<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Our
hemoglobin’s your delight!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Sand
fly, sand fly, all around<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14.0pt;">How
your numbers do abound!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Sand
fly, sand fly, dining late,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14.0pt;">May
our bloods coagulate.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Sand
fly, our sweet reddish bumps<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Resembling
chicken measle-mumps!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14.0pt;">A,
B, O, we’ve many kinds<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Of
bloods: your menu resource finds.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14.0pt;">To
comprehend, I cannot tell<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14.0pt;">If
it’s blood or skin you like so well;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Fat
or lymph or maybe sweat<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Makes
up the diet you have et!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Sand
fly, sand fly, on my knee,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14.0pt;">You’re
my friend eternally.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Sand
fly, sand fly, on my neck,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Ouch!
That hurts, yo, what the heck?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Sand
fly, sand fly, in the sky,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Draining
us until we’re dry,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Until
our blood clots hard and thick,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14.0pt;">And
you’ve had enough to make you sick!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Winged
vampires, you’re so dear,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Drilling
platform: please stay clear!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Attacking
from within your cloud,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Dracula
would yet be proud!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Sand
fly, you’re insect ancestor,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14.0pt;">But
please don’t help our bites to fester!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14.0pt;">For
you this place a sanctuary,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14.0pt;">But
stay away from my capillary!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Yon
wee avian parasite,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14.0pt;">To
many people you’re a fright!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14.0pt;">You
and mozzie in collusion<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14.0pt;">To
perform another dire transfusion!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Mobile
blood-banks we are to thou,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Our
real purpose, here and now, <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14.0pt;">For
us to become what sand-fly lacks,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14.0pt;">A
race of hemophiliacs!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Sand
fly, sand fly, where art thou?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Hiding
in yon shady bough,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Waiting
for the cool of eve<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Your
next extraction to conceive?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14.0pt;"><b><i>JEFF PHILLIPS</i></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14.0pt;"><b><i>JAN-FEB 2019</i></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14.0pt;"><b><i>GOLDEN BAY NZ</i></b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<!--EndFragment--></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
Jeff Weffersonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16055962946869392042noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-30418363.post-90417161950132155682019-01-19T01:26:00.000-08:002019-01-28T00:28:57.819-08:00ROB ALLISTON, TASMANIAN ICON AND SPIRITUAL BROTHER...A TRIBUTE :)<div style="text-align: center;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-_p84CnGqzdk/XE68sgOES2I/AAAAAAAALm0/eJAeRKiD_7sdGMMWED_aI66H_ltGDT3pACLcBGAs/s1600/DSC_5650a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="650" data-original-width="976" height="266" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-_p84CnGqzdk/XE68sgOES2I/AAAAAAAALm0/eJAeRKiD_7sdGMMWED_aI66H_ltGDT3pACLcBGAs/s400/DSC_5650a.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>THUMBS UP ALL THE WAY :)</b></span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ok-TlnmRMlA/XE68v_tV6HI/AAAAAAAALm4/F-gQY61qbZAFZzgOTUhy5R_mGkoQylR9QCLcBGAs/s1600/DSC_5649a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b><img border="0" data-original-height="709" data-original-width="472" height="400" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ok-TlnmRMlA/XE68v_tV6HI/AAAAAAAALm4/F-gQY61qbZAFZzgOTUhy5R_mGkoQylR9QCLcBGAs/s400/DSC_5649a.jpg" width="266" /></b></span></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b> HITCHING TO CRADLE MOUNTAIN</b></span><br />
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-_yOsHyDxYS8/XE68zLJaCoI/AAAAAAAALm8/3Uc9EsvczT4GcMUiuJHF02HTQ2AkD7vhACLcBGAs/s1600/DSC_5798a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1417" data-original-width="1275" height="400" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-_yOsHyDxYS8/XE68zLJaCoI/AAAAAAAALm8/3Uc9EsvczT4GcMUiuJHF02HTQ2AkD7vhACLcBGAs/s400/DSC_5798a.jpg" width="358" /></a></div>
<b style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;">ROB READING...</b><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-6IgvEELTo1Q/XEKtTPE53gI/AAAAAAAALlI/ZLWmZcbjrq8jWMom6rCUU3BOqPV60YoSgCLcBGAs/s1600/DSC_5799a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b><img border="0" data-original-height="1417" data-original-width="848" height="400" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-6IgvEELTo1Q/XEKtTPE53gI/AAAAAAAALlI/ZLWmZcbjrq8jWMom6rCUU3BOqPV60YoSgCLcBGAs/s400/DSC_5799a.jpg" width="238" /></b></span></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b> RESEARCHING FOR HIS BOOK</b></span><br />
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-LVvbq3MJQPE/XEKtV3d_IPI/AAAAAAAALlM/EKbKQCjaAUMjMqH_LAK56_5rOoJNmnGuACLcBGAs/s1600/artworks-000087710202-yfw9n1-t500x500.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b><img border="0" data-original-height="500" data-original-width="500" height="400" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-LVvbq3MJQPE/XEKtV3d_IPI/AAAAAAAALlM/EKbKQCjaAUMjMqH_LAK56_5rOoJNmnGuACLcBGAs/s400/artworks-000087710202-yfw9n1-t500x500.jpg" width="400" /></b></span></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>JUST BACK FROM KANGAROO ISLAND</b></span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-lgNlLoaofKg/XEKxM54bRvI/AAAAAAAALlg/XX1wdnSj8rAhDePxV4O5CuuqcUSnyKCJQCLcBGAs/s1600/DSC_6310a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b><img border="0" data-original-height="1417" data-original-width="1179" height="400" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-lgNlLoaofKg/XEKxM54bRvI/AAAAAAAALlg/XX1wdnSj8rAhDePxV4O5CuuqcUSnyKCJQCLcBGAs/s400/DSC_6310a.jpg" width="332" /></b></span></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>PAINTING THAT LIESBET AND I GAVE ROB IN 2008</b></span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-IK9-kcH_wC0/XEKxctpTbTI/AAAAAAAALlk/nE7j5bq3YtgKjtW5rd89Q8pd-tIOr3-swCLcBGAs/s1600/DSC_5731a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b><img border="0" data-original-height="827" data-original-width="818" height="400" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-IK9-kcH_wC0/XEKxctpTbTI/AAAAAAAALlk/nE7j5bq3YtgKjtW5rd89Q8pd-tIOr3-swCLcBGAs/s400/DSC_5731a.jpg" width="395" /></b></span></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>PAINTING I DID FOR ROB IN 2007, 'HUNAB HIKU'</b></span><br />
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-mRHTqZbjO5s/XELvsSZJz_I/AAAAAAAALmI/kHQF1ngkjLoLwgqHM1tAPS2o3usqxU1bACLcBGAs/s1600/3%2BHUMMOCK%2B40b7a42d4a104a01b001bf528c99389cRedBalloon3_med.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="320" data-original-width="480" height="266" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-mRHTqZbjO5s/XELvsSZJz_I/AAAAAAAALmI/kHQF1ngkjLoLwgqHM1tAPS2o3usqxU1bACLcBGAs/s400/3%2BHUMMOCK%2B40b7a42d4a104a01b001bf528c99389cRedBalloon3_med.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>THREE HUMMOCK ISLAND</b></span><br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-MA3PkmJNuMI/XELvv0Ta6eI/AAAAAAAALmM/sgsECpcVZwQjtcInekkRxPcxTfOiQU4cQCLcBGAs/s1600/three-hummock.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b><img border="0" data-original-height="709" data-original-width="1063" height="266" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-MA3PkmJNuMI/XELvv0Ta6eI/AAAAAAAALmM/sgsECpcVZwQjtcInekkRxPcxTfOiQU4cQCLcBGAs/s400/three-hummock.jpg" width="400" /></b></span></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>PART OF THE HUNTER GROUP OF ISLANDS</b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b><i>ON THE BRINK</i> RADIO #262: HONOURING ROB ALLISTON, MY SPIRITUAL BROTHER</b></span><br />
<a href="https://soundcloud.com/user-614281051/on-the-brink-radio-262-rob-alliston-tribute"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>https://soundcloud.com/user-614281051/on-the-brink-radio-262-rob-alliston-tribute</b></span></a></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">When I visited Tasmania in June 2018 I got to catch up with my great old friend and soul brother Rob Alliston
who used to live at Lorinna and was responsible for inviting me there in the
beginning. For the last couple years he'd been living in a care facility in
Sheffield, the town of murals between Lorinna and Devonport on the north coast.
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Seeing Rob was great. He'd been battling
Parkinson's disease since before I got in touch with him in 2003, but was
holding up quite well. In June when I saw him he was using a walker to get
around but when I arrived he had just had a fresh hair-cut and was getting
ready to do some visiting in the facility. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">We sat down and started reminiscing about
our adventures of the past decade, the art I had done for him, the time we
hitch-hiked to Cradle Mountain in a snow storm, when I stayed with him in
Sheffield and he fell and had to go in the hospital. I asked him about the book
he'd been trying to finish for several years and he said he'd made a lot of
progress. Rob grew up on Three Hummock Island, a member of the Hunter Group off
the northwest coast of Tasmania, and we'd been planning to go there together
some day. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">We made a plan to go to Three Hummock when
I came back to Tassie next, as I've never been there. Just as I was about to
leave, Rob got really serious and asked if he could share something important
with me. His tone of voice concerned me and I listened very attentively to what
he had to share.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">He told me that he had recently overheard
some of the doctors there talking about euthanasia, and they were talking about
doing it to HIM. At first I thought he was joking but when I saw he wasn't, I
pressed him to make sure he hadn't been imagining things or misunderstanding
what they said, but he was adamant that this is what he heard. Even though
Parkinson's is not known for dementia, I'd always been on the lookout for signs
in Rob but had never detected even the slightest hint of it.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">I asked what their possible motivation
might be, as he was not a trouble-maker (<i>au contraire</i>, a popular personality on
the ward), everything was paid for, and they had no shortage of empty rooms. I
was deeply concerned and so was Rob. He said that I was the only person he'd
told this to. His other friends and family are quite conservative to say the
least, but he and I were on the same page with just about everything. A big part of our connection was our mutual love of the whales and dolphins and of the indigenous people of Australia. I had
interviewed him three times for my radio show about his life and experiences in
Tasmania and Australia as a whole.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
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</div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">This was June. Rob was in as good a health
and high a spirit as I'd seen him, only using a walker a bit but other than
that good as gold. Imagine my shock and horror to get an email in November telling
me that he had passed away...four months after he told me the euthanasia
story.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I had known him for over 15
years. </span></div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b><i>ON THE BRINK</i> INTERVIEWS WITH ROB FROM 2014</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a class="m_-3263266153722773709yiv7782306808" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://soundcloud.com/jefferson-good-medicine/on-the-brink-radio-74-rob-alliston-3-hummock-island-tasmania&source=gmail&ust=1547960290511000&usg=AFQjCNHa5eivWwzX4jPC8UBQdGUwb_nEdw" href="https://soundcloud.com/jefferson-good-medicine/on-the-brink-radio-74-rob-alliston-3-hummock-island-tasmania" id="m_-3263266153722773709yiv7782306808yui_3_16_0_1_1406980056576_21969" rel="nofollow" style="background-color: white; color: #1155cc;" target="_blank"><span style="color: white; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b style="background-color: black;">https://soundcloud.com/ jefferson-good-medicine/on- the-brink-radio-74-rob- alliston-3-hummock-island- tasmania</b></span></a><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b><br /></b></span>
<a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://soundcloud.com/user916864220/otb-75-rob-alliston-2-indigenous&source=gmail&ust=1547960336981000&usg=AFQjCNGsoLAAGSf5u-CKcrBk108irl3QKw" href="https://soundcloud.com/user916864220/otb-75-rob-alliston-2-indigenous" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b>https://soundcloud.com/<wbr></wbr>user916864220/otb-75-rob-<wbr></wbr>alliston-2-indigenous</b></span></a><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b><br /></b></span>
<a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://soundcloud.com/user916864220/on-the-brink-radion-76-flinders-isl-rob-alliston-3-community-vs-civilization&source=gmail&ust=1547960386122000&usg=AFQjCNFgdo0mJFSeuG07f7VzFr8TDw-Lcw" href="https://soundcloud.com/user916864220/on-the-brink-radion-76-flinders-isl-rob-alliston-3-community-vs-civilization" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b>https://soundcloud.com/user916<wbr></wbr>864220/on-the-<span class="il">brink</span>-radion-<span class="il">76</span>-<wbr></wbr>flinders-isl-<span class="il">rob</span>-<span class="il">alliston</span>-3-<wbr></wbr>community-vs-civilization</b></span></a><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Vu_y64A1gtE/XELuU5Lt95I/AAAAAAAALl0/rDHyiwfEn38ADtBpMl_TeobukGvc3n9LgCLcBGAs/s1600/DSC_6161a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1063" data-original-width="1470" height="288" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Vu_y64A1gtE/XELuU5Lt95I/AAAAAAAALl0/rDHyiwfEn38ADtBpMl_TeobukGvc3n9LgCLcBGAs/s400/DSC_6161a.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>"PEACE TREATY WITH NATURE"</b></span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-2CNrxByQFE8/XELuU4Q2lAI/AAAAAAAALl4/0jvJNjBFtOkuiMgSSYOhhEi5sUfFsY4kgCLcBGAs/s1600/DSC_6162a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b><img border="0" data-original-height="1063" data-original-width="1518" height="280" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-2CNrxByQFE8/XELuU4Q2lAI/AAAAAAAALl4/0jvJNjBFtOkuiMgSSYOhhEi5sUfFsY4kgCLcBGAs/s400/DSC_6162a.jpg" width="400" /></b></span></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>A HUNDERTWASSER CARD I GAVE ROB</b></span></div>
Jeff Weffersonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16055962946869392042noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-30418363.post-52993017753557782342018-05-07T16:02:00.001-07:002018-05-07T16:02:39.506-07:00HAWAI'IAN VOLCANOS UPDATE: REPORT FROM 'GROUND ZERO' "SHAKY CITY COME TO VISIT..."<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ZZA7mcwOeNM/Wu0GTI6_4QI/AAAAAAAAKzE/xXq5cdyPsZ0PIhZooC9EhyB_F-srdmLSwCLcBGAs/s1600/VOLC%2BmultimediaFile-1931.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="300" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ZZA7mcwOeNM/Wu0GTI6_4QI/AAAAAAAAKzE/xXq5cdyPsZ0PIhZooC9EhyB_F-srdmLSwCLcBGAs/s400/VOLC%2BmultimediaFile-1931.jpeg" width="400" /></b></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b> PU'U O'O PLUMING YESTERDAY</b></span></div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-O7ouU9843z8/Wu0GeOhfb0I/AAAAAAAAKzM/z9UTFujWXgQuo8vlVOmKtlH0Udxn4FMzACLcBGAs/s1600/VOLC%2BmultimediaFile-1933.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b><img border="0" data-original-height="1121" data-original-width="1600" height="280" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-O7ouU9843z8/Wu0GeOhfb0I/AAAAAAAAKzM/z9UTFujWXgQuo8vlVOmKtlH0Udxn4FMzACLcBGAs/s400/VOLC%2BmultimediaFile-1933.jpg" width="400" /></b></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b> PU'U O'O FROM THE WEST, NEW FISSURE</b></span></div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-U5yVZ1j30iQ/Wu0GfcYhpYI/AAAAAAAAKzQ/xZymyrj_qt05d2-c9h6bc5DAWzjGxpRSgCLcBGAs/s1600/VOLC%2BmultimediaFile-1910.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b><img border="0" data-original-height="567" data-original-width="1600" height="141" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-U5yVZ1j30iQ/Wu0GfcYhpYI/AAAAAAAAKzQ/xZymyrj_qt05d2-c9h6bc5DAWzjGxpRSgCLcBGAs/s400/VOLC%2BmultimediaFile-1910.jpg" width="400" /></b></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b> KILAUEA OVERLOOK ONTO HALEAMAUMAU</b></span></div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-3ewXm_X8_Hk/Wu0Gd-mcR1I/AAAAAAAAKzI/kwT4EqXoIvYD3iBnswjyL5Gcmw3eVVaSgCLcBGAs/s1600/VOLC%2BmultimediaFile-1921.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b><img border="0" data-original-height="1001" data-original-width="1334" height="300" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-3ewXm_X8_Hk/Wu0Gd-mcR1I/AAAAAAAAKzI/kwT4EqXoIvYD3iBnswjyL5Gcmw3eVVaSgCLcBGAs/s400/VOLC%2BmultimediaFile-1921.jpg" width="400" /></b></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b> THERMAL IMAGE OF HALEAMAUMAU CRATER</b></span></div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Du182eq5PLo/Wu0Giw3OI3I/AAAAAAAAKzc/1bPvt-iNLEALCmfokmxLXQ-eiH6BjTMZQCLcBGAs/s1600/VOLC%2BmultimediaFile-1944.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="300" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Du182eq5PLo/Wu0Giw3OI3I/AAAAAAAAKzc/1bPvt-iNLEALCmfokmxLXQ-eiH6BjTMZQCLcBGAs/s400/VOLC%2BmultimediaFile-1944.jpg" width="400" /></b></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b> NEW CRACKS IN ROAD NEAR LEILANI ESTATE</b></span></div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-9Hvv_8LWSFY/Wu0Gh9yzCzI/AAAAAAAAKzY/RqvJ9oj9rEMuYy03_ILsAQbdmR7mDg91wCLcBGAs/s1600/volc%2Bnapau.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b><img border="0" data-original-height="439" data-original-width="960" height="182" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-9Hvv_8LWSFY/Wu0Gh9yzCzI/AAAAAAAAKzY/RqvJ9oj9rEMuYy03_ILsAQbdmR7mDg91wCLcBGAs/s400/volc%2Bnapau.jpg" width="400" /></b></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b> NAHAU CRATER ABOUT 4 MILES WEST OF PU'U O'O</b></span></div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-LQuY2dSUTcs/Wu0Gh6lWVpI/AAAAAAAAKzU/6SmPZWwKtKIouDT3M6vE6yfdKuEOG_yLwCLcBGAs/s1600/VOLC%2BpreviewImage-1932.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b><img border="0" data-original-height="400" data-original-width="600" height="266" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-LQuY2dSUTcs/Wu0Gh6lWVpI/AAAAAAAAKzU/6SmPZWwKtKIouDT3M6vE6yfdKuEOG_yLwCLcBGAs/s400/VOLC%2BpreviewImage-1932.jpg" width="400" /></b></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>AERIAL VIEW OF PU'U O'O, SHE'S EMPTY</b></span></div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-niLyVMDl7VA/Wu0H1QnwiJI/AAAAAAAAKz4/XFY6CWf3ZwEREk8tsQdhyZDkopkEOWfpgCLcBGAs/s1600/volc%2B.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b><img border="0" data-original-height="1237" data-original-width="1600" height="308" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-niLyVMDl7VA/Wu0H1QnwiJI/AAAAAAAAKz4/XFY6CWf3ZwEREk8tsQdhyZDkopkEOWfpgCLcBGAs/s400/volc%2B.jpg" width="400" /></b></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b> OVER 300 QUAKES IN ELLIPSE IN LAST 96 HRS</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>(NOTE: I AM NEAR THE HAWAIIAN SHORES SHADED AREA COAST)</b></span></div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-oKOgJf9CKfI/Wu0IfB4BfWI/AAAAAAAAK0A/YOF6QANUII0f8EQ_u0_FUh_dvIKJQh-wACLcBGAs/s1600/P1050753.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1600" height="225" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-oKOgJf9CKfI/Wu0IfB4BfWI/AAAAAAAAK0A/YOF6QANUII0f8EQ_u0_FUh_dvIKJQh-wACLcBGAs/s400/P1050753.JPG" width="400" /></b></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b> VIEW FROM JAGGER OVERLOOK (LUMIX TZ-15)</b></span></div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-m9r7Ru7Xl18/Wu0IyZ6ZxcI/AAAAAAAAK0I/kAHS1MiehSUUJomHibDgWBpUSA8OzRbRQCLcBGAs/s1600/S6410032.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1600" height="225" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-m9r7Ru7Xl18/Wu0IyZ6ZxcI/AAAAAAAAK0I/kAHS1MiehSUUJomHibDgWBpUSA8OzRbRQCLcBGAs/s400/S6410032.JPG" width="400" /></b></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b> VIEW FROM JAGGER OVERLOOK (LUMIX VXF-990)</b></span></div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-9rHgSU-JMD4/Wu0JC13Xb-I/AAAAAAAAK0Q/y_MAsLodR4wOQ6KIKAR_DdW7jQ0aULB6gCLcBGAs/s1600/DSC_7467.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b><img border="0" data-original-height="1065" data-original-width="1600" height="266" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-9rHgSU-JMD4/Wu0JC13Xb-I/AAAAAAAAK0Q/y_MAsLodR4wOQ6KIKAR_DdW7jQ0aULB6gCLcBGAs/s400/DSC_7467.JPG" width="400" /></b></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>VIEW FROM JAGGER OVERLOOK (NIKON D4S)</b></span></div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ralPpVaeZDQ/Wu0O2Gw663I/AAAAAAAAK0g/_GYgZUvfd2YHLDubvhVlOIUo2UUNeUPtwCLcBGAs/s1600/volc%2Bmauna_loa_snow_960.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b><img border="0" data-original-height="384" data-original-width="960" height="160" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ralPpVaeZDQ/Wu0O2Gw663I/AAAAAAAAK0g/_GYgZUvfd2YHLDubvhVlOIUo2UUNeUPtwCLcBGAs/s400/volc%2Bmauna_loa_snow_960.jpg" width="400" /></b></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b> MAUNA LOA</b></span></div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-3mN7l0_oKgw/Wu0PTzjOmlI/AAAAAAAAK0o/NUkFuGczneMEYKuHyG7SidfOKVWXpbs3gCLcBGAs/s1600/volcs%2B1200px-Mauna_Kea_from_the_ocean.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1200" height="300" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-3mN7l0_oKgw/Wu0PTzjOmlI/AAAAAAAAK0o/NUkFuGczneMEYKuHyG7SidfOKVWXpbs3gCLcBGAs/s400/volcs%2B1200px-Mauna_Kea_from_the_ocean.jpg" width="400" /></b></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b> MAUNA KEA</b></span></div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-zf2nR4Eod-4/Wu0PT58_PqI/AAAAAAAAK0s/iMl6oaTjEOUf68-pH8v8FxDpwaZiI-gAQCLcBGAs/s1600/volcs%2B1280px-Mauna_Kea_observatory.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b><img border="0" data-original-height="753" data-original-width="1280" height="235" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-zf2nR4Eod-4/Wu0PT58_PqI/AAAAAAAAK0s/iMl6oaTjEOUf68-pH8v8FxDpwaZiI-gAQCLcBGAs/s400/volcs%2B1280px-Mauna_Kea_observatory.jpg" width="400" /></b></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>MAUNA KEA OBSERVATORY COMPLEX, KECKS 1 & 2</b></span></div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-u8j_S1i_ztw/Wu0S_vlserI/AAAAAAAAK1A/wn_41D9H8RYvHs4ByjaBy3Xt1joXvoe3gCLcBGAs/s1600/P1050749.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1600" height="225" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-u8j_S1i_ztw/Wu0S_vlserI/AAAAAAAAK1A/wn_41D9H8RYvHs4ByjaBy3Xt1joXvoe3gCLcBGAs/s400/P1050749.JPG" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>MAUNA KEA OVER-LOOK...MISTY</b></span></div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-I0SmbpWIsjk/Wu0S9trdzaI/AAAAAAAAK08/1LeJM_6h3Y0n4i0knj2SLKa9YHIKhX9IQCLcBGAs/s1600/P1050750.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1600" height="225" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-I0SmbpWIsjk/Wu0S9trdzaI/AAAAAAAAK08/1LeJM_6h3Y0n4i0knj2SLKa9YHIKhX9IQCLcBGAs/s400/P1050750.JPG" width="400" /></b></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b> THE CALM BEFORE THE...SHOW?</b></span></div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-C9BTS5rle5Y/Wu0TFqzo-jI/AAAAAAAAK1E/O2lKNY3oqvImYi1c7H6ZpfXFB3mKjZ5BwCLcBGAs/s1600/DSC_7436.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1065" height="400" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-C9BTS5rle5Y/Wu0TFqzo-jI/AAAAAAAAK1E/O2lKNY3oqvImYi1c7H6ZpfXFB3mKjZ5BwCLcBGAs/s400/DSC_7436.JPG" width="266" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>BEAUTIFUL SPIDER ART :)</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b>ON THE BRINK RADIO #247 HAWAI'IAN VOLCANOS UPDATE: <i>REPORT FROM GROUND ZERO</i></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><a href="https://soundcloud.com/user-908215348/on-the-brink-radio-247-hawaii-volcano-update-ground-zero" target="_blank"><b>https://soundcloud.com/user-908215348/on-the-brink-radio-247-hawaii-volcano-update-ground-zero</b></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Greetings from Hawaiian Volcanos Ground Zero. Well, not quite...'ground zero' would be where the lava has been coming out of the ground for the past 24 hours, about 12 miles from here. But about an hour ago I felt two quakes, one was around 5 or so but then the next one was, officials are saying, a 6.9 whose epicenter was about 17 miles from here. It shook the house for about 20 seconds. I was in the kitchen making a batch of certified organic vegetable and fruit juice, a long over-due treat possible because my friend loaned me her juicer...beet-root, carrot, celery, apple, ginger, and lemon...I continued jucing throughout the quake. But I was a bit unnerved with my friend came and told me than an announcement had said this quake was felt island-wide, and that we needed to be on stand-by to evacuate! Yikes. I diligently started organizing all my stuff, even though I am in the middle of several paintings and heaps of rocks. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Lucky that I'm never that far away from being mobile, but there's no way I'm evacuating this place and leaving anything here, not with my flight to Sydney coming up on Monday 14 May. YAY...I get to come home again after over 3 months in Hawai'i. My Australian visa just got approved a couple days ago so I then moved ahead with getting a ticket. I've come to like it here quite a bit, especially in the last couple weeks due to a new friend who has taken me up to the volcanos a couple times, someone to share crazy adventurousness with. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">We went up to the summit of Mauna Kea two weeks ago, and I accidentally split the head of my drum 'Io Paikea Sun-thunder Kaka-Tatanka Wave Dancer' as I was drumming exactly at sunset, and exactly as Taiowa went down I hit the drum a bit too hard, and in the extreme low humidity and low temperature, it made a 10cm long crack in the head. Today I mended it with some vegan floss and Aqua-Seal, which should make it as good as new...and, just in case there was any connection between my drum and the volcano eruption that began a few days ago, to ask Pele to close the opening.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Interestingly, my friend Wally at whose house I'm staying, showed me a volcanos video a few days ago and I was inspired to look at the photographer's web-site, Mick Kalber. He is the premiere volcano photographer on the island, and he and Wally are old friends. I got in touch and he said he'd be happy to do an interview with me, but that, indeed, the next few days would be quite hectic, what with the collapse of the crater floor of Pu'u O'o, which had been brimming over with lava, but is now totally empty. All that lava went somewhere. And the Haleamaumau crater up within the main Kilauea has been very active. On Tuesday evening we saw huge fountains of lava leaping skyward, maybe 30 to 40 meters high, from a distance of 1.2 miles line of sight.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">A large part of Leilani Estate has been evacuated since yesterday, due to lava coming up there through some fissures, with a good deal of gaseous emissions which can be nasty to inhale.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">I asked Pele if she would put on a show for me while I was still on the island; she has come through, I just hope that we've seen the maximum displacements and shaking and eruptions already. The Hawai'ian volcanos are in general known for their relatively gentle eruptions and flows, which usually allows them to be studied and plenty of time for people to get out of the way of on-coming lava. But there's a lot of unpredictability, even among the experts.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">I wanted to get this post up and out there just in case another bigger quake happens...but I am praying that it doesn't. Please send blessings and prayers for all of the Big Island, all of Hawai'i, including Kauai which was severely damaged by floods two weeks ago, and all of the marine life who will be under attack even more once RIMPAC starts in Hawai'ian waters in June.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">I will keep you updated on a daily basis. If you'd like more information just email me at therockist@gmail.com</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><i>MUCH ALOHA AND MANY BLESSINGS FROM THE SHAKEY ISLES :)</i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b>ON THE BRINK RADIO #247 HAWAI'IAN VOLCANOS UPDATE: REPORT FROM GROUND ZERO</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><a href="https://soundcloud.com/user-908215348/on-the-brink-radio-247-hawaii-volcano-update-ground-zero" target="_blank"><b>https://soundcloud.com/user-908215348/on-the-brink-radio-247-hawaii-volcano-update-ground-zero</b></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b>RELEVANT LINKS</b></span></div>
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<a href="http://www.extremeexposure.com/" target="_blank"><b><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">http://www.extremeexposure.com/</span></b></a></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b><a href="http://bigislandnow.com/2018/05/02/volcano-overflight-lava-on-the-move/?t=1525320775">http://bigislandnow.com/2018/05/02/volcano-overflight-lava-on-the-move/?t=1525320775</a><o:p></o:p></b></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b>https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/volcanoes/kilauea/multimedia_chronology.html</b></span></span></div>
Jeff Weffersonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16055962946869392042noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-30418363.post-29108700206161583022017-12-30T00:40:00.000-08:002017-12-30T13:35:54.278-08:002017 IN RETROSPECT, or LOOKING AHEAD THROUGH T.Y.O.O.B. 13,772,873,449 A.B.B. FROM LAST NEW YEAR'S<div style="text-align: center;">
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b>ON THE BRINK RADIO #229 2017 IN RETROSPECT</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b><a href="https://soundcloud.com/user-951169015/on-the-brink-radio-229-looking-forward-from-last-new-years">https://soundcloud.com/user-951169015/on-the-brink-radio-229-looking-forward-from-last-new-years</a></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b>ON THE BRINK RADIO #184 2016 IN RETROSPECT</b></span></div>
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<a href="https://soundcloud.com/user-351743860/on-the-brink-radio-184-2016-year-in-retrospect"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b>https://soundcloud.com/user-351743860/on-the-brink-radio-184-2016-year-in-retrospect</b></span></a></div>
Jeff Weffersonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16055962946869392042noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-30418363.post-1202773204468593082017-12-08T12:31:00.003-08:002017-12-08T12:32:33.993-08:00'THE POLITICAL IMPLICATIONS OF THE UFO PHENOMENON AND THE 'E.T.' MYTH, DAVE EMORY RADIO BROADCASTS<div style="text-align: center;">
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<span style="color: white; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b style="background-color: black;">'POLITICAL IMPLICATIONS of the UFO PHENOMENON and 'E.T.' MYTH, Dave Emory</b></span></div>
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<a href="http://spitfirelist.com/lecture-series/l-1-the-political-implications-of-the-ufo-phenomenon-and-the-et-myth/"><span style="color: white; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b style="background-color: black;">http://spitfirelist.com/lecture-series/l-1-the-political-implications-of-the-ufo-phenomenon-and-the-et-myth/</b></span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">"A 1997 Gallup poll revealed that 42% of college graduates in the United States believed that the earth had been visited by extraterrestrials. This astounding statistic underscores the political importance of the UFO phenomenon, a subject generally regarded as the province of either fiction or psychopathology. This lecture addresses some of the salient political aspects of the subject. The concept of salvation from above by a superior power or entity is a powerful element of the mythology, folklore and belief systems of many cultures and religions. It is also a notion that can have particularly strong appeal in a time of dire social and political crisis.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Central to the discussion is an analysis of the political philosophy espoused and practiced by some of the “UFO contactee” cults. Professing a variety of beliefs about aliens, these cults hold in common a belief in extraterrestrials, a belief in the intellectual and scientific superiority of those “ETs” and (in many cases) advocacy of the governing of human affairs on earth by “our brothers from space.” These cults are infiltrated by the intelligence community, which devotes considerable attention to such groups. <b>It is noteworthy that the system of government selected (presumably) by our space bretheren is essentially a totalitarian and fascistic one. The possibility of the political manipulation of the UFO phenomenon in order to bring about fascism is one that should not be too readily cast aside.</b></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">It is significant in this context that the ET myth originates to a considerable extent from elements associated with the intelligence community and a milieu that includes prominent American fascists such as William Dudley Pelley.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">The human propensity to believe in UFOs as indicating the presence of ETs takes on an added significance when considered in light of the considerable evidence indicating that the “flying saucers” of popular imagination are real, but have a terrestrial origin. Mr. Emory presents evidence that the machines have their genesis in the closing phase of the Second World War, when the Germans developed disk-shaped, high-performance flying machines as anti-aircraft devices. The devices appear to have been improved upon by the United States and Britain in the post-war period. In 1955, the Secretary of the Air Force announced that the United States would soon begin testing and flying new types of aircraft that would resemble flying saucers.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">In the conclusion of the lecture, <b>Mr. Emory warns that UFOs might be deployed in conjunction with other secret technologies such as mind-control and/or genetic-engineering. He describes a hypothetical scenario described as “a combination of Orson Welles’ ‘War of the Worlds’ broadcast, the Miracle of Fatima and Pearl Harbor!”</b></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Lecture Highlights Include: analysis of the famous Mantell case; veteran combat pilot Mantell’s last transmission while chasing a huge UFO (“My God, there are men in it!”); the joint U.S. development of the AVRO-Car, a military flying disc; the famous story of the “Foo Fighters” seen by Allied Airmen over Germany during the closing months of World War II; the Luftwaffe development of the Feuerball and the Kugelblitz disc-shaped anti-aircraft devices; discussion of the Raelian cult of Claude Vorhillon and its fascistic philosophical overtones; Russia’s 1994 marketing of an egg-shaped commercial airliner; William Dudley Pelley’s Soulcraft organization and its connections to alleged ET contactees; the strange career of alleged ET contactee George Adamski, who claims he travelled on a U.S government passport. (Recorded at Foothill College in October of 1992.)</span></div>
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Jeff Weffersonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16055962946869392042noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-30418363.post-894840109320035782017-10-22T00:38:00.003-07:002022-08-01T20:23:55.466-07:00COMPUTERS AS A FORM OF E.T.I. (Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence): PLANETARY ELECTRONIC TECHNOLOGY AS A 'SOLID STATE ENTITY' WAGING WAR ON LIFE HERSELF<table border="0" cellspacing="0" class="mcnTextBlock mceItemTable" style="border: none; cursor: default; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline; width: 100%;"><tbody class="mcnTextBlockOuter" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
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<span class="font-size-5" style="font-size: 16pt !important;"><span style="color: #cfe2f3; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">"‘n mid-twentieth century Man discovered that the solid state can be formed into machines, into computers which can be used for computation and control. He began the creation of a new form of intelligence, the solid-state intelligence with prototypic beginnings in the computers. All his means of communication around the planet – his telephone systems, his radio systems, his satellites, his computers – depend on solid-state components. These components, interconnected in specific ways, allow high-speed computation and high speed communication between the various systems. A few men began to conceive of new computers having an intelligence far greater than that of Man."</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt;"> </span></span></span><br />
<span class="font-size-5" style="font-size: 16pt !important;"><span style="color: #cfe2f3; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span></span></span><span class="font-size-5" style="font-size: 16pt !important;"><span style="color: #cfe2f3; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt;">John C. Lilly, <u>The Scientist: A Novel Autobiography</u> (1978)</span></span></span><br />
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<span class="font-size-5" style="font-size: 16pt !important;"><span style="color: #cfe2f3; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">ORCHESTRATORS OF WORLD WAR NOW</span></span></h1>
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<span class="font-size-5" style="font-size: 16pt !important;"><span id="m_-3864089532114823025yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1507966402426_5325" style="color: #cfe2f3; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">ON THE BRINK RADIO #220</span></span></h1>
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<span class="font-size-5" style="font-size: 16pt !important;"><span style="color: #cfe2f3; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt;">Broadcast #220 of <i>On the Brink</i></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"> radio was recorded at
<i>Harataonga</i> Beach here on <i>Aotea</i>, beneath <i>Grandmother Pohutakawa</i>, my ancient tree
ancestor, who has participated in several earlier OTB interviews. For this show
she listened in as a representative of water-based life.</span></span></span></span></div>
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<span class="font-size-5" style="font-size: 16pt !important;"><span style="color: #cfe2f3; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: x-small;">GRANDMOTHER POHUTAKAWA</span></span></span></div>
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<span class="font-size-5" style="font-size: 16pt !important;"><span style="color: #cfe2f3; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-G9L62nZgtmI/Wez0LCQk3pI/AAAAAAAAKJs/0ISDHFnp99w4HYiSUlKoLcz0pEJClgEugCLcBGAs/s1600/aotea%2B397238_10151274243686654_491435328_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="640" data-original-width="960" height="266" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-G9L62nZgtmI/Wez0LCQk3pI/AAAAAAAAKJs/0ISDHFnp99w4HYiSUlKoLcz0pEJClgEugCLcBGAs/s400/aotea%2B397238_10151274243686654_491435328_n.jpg" width="400" /></a></span></span></div>
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<span class="font-size-5" style="font-size: 16pt !important;"><span style="color: #cfe2f3; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: x-small;">REFLECTIONS OF WATER-BASED LIFE</span></span></span></div>
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<span class="font-size-5" style="font-size: 16pt !important;"><span style="color: #cfe2f3; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Water-based life? Isn't that the
only kind that exists? This is the topic of of this show. To say that
'computers have a mind of their own' is a generalization, which, at the level
of the ordinary run of the mill 'computer', is untrue, perhaps 'conspiracy
theory' to some, fantasy or science-fiction to others. None of these machines
are truly 'computers' in the etymological sense of the Latin root <i>computare</i>,
meaning 'to think or reflect upon.' What we call computers are actually digital
number-crunching devices, or <i>dinuchruds.<o:p></o:p></i></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 14pt;">In the world of today, however,
where reality often finds itself beyond science fiction, the only people who
would believe that the global computer network is not instrumental in every
dimension of scientific, military, corporate and bureaucratic operation,
management and even strategic decision-making are those who believe, for
example, that carbon dioxide is a deadly atmospheric toxin that must be
eliminated and 'climate change' is a ruthless killer who stealthily dials up
extreme weather events...BAD extreme weather...never weeks on end of lovely
calm summer-like days with gentle breezes and a shower or two at night.</span></div>
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<span class="font-size-5" style="font-size: 16pt !important;"><span style="color: #cfe2f3; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt;"><a href="http://www.wakingtimes.com/2016/09/17/darpa-jason-scientists-pentagons-maladaptive-brain/"><b><span style="color: #b4a7d6;">http://www.wakingtimes.com/2016/09/17/darpa-jason-scientists-pentagons-maladaptive-brain/</span></b></a><span style="color: #cfe2f3;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt;"><b><a href="https://fas.org/irp/agency/dod/jason/"><span style="color: #b4a7d6;">https://fas.org/irp/agency/dod/jason/</span></a><span style="color: #cfe2f3;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Propelled by huge quasi-secretive
research initiatives like the <i>Strategic Computing Initative</i>, which was
concomitant with the <i>Strategic Defense Initiative</i>, or 'Star Wars' and
quasi-black budget/clandestine organizations like the <b>JASON Group</b> and <b>DARPA</b>, we
find ourselves on a planet increasingly over-run by what Jerry Mander calls '<b><a href="http://www.scottlondon.com/interviews/mander2.html">mega-technology</a></b>'...an
off-the-rail military-industrial juggernaut which is threatening life itself at
every possible level. I call it
the <b>Homo Sapiens Macro Virus</b>, or <b>HSMV</b>:
a tumourous planetary parasite, the 'world eaters' in the words of
naturalist Loren Eiseley.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">"Computer technology has
sprung us headlong into an entirely new existence, one that will permanently
affect our lives and the lives of our children and grandchildren. It will speed
up profound changes on the planet, yet there is no meaningful debate about it,
no ferment, no critical analysis of the consequences. As usual, the major
beneficiaries are permitted to define the parameters of our understanding.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt;"><i>AUTOMATIC COMPUTER WARFARE<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt;">It was possible to annihilate the
world before the invention of computers, but it was far more difficult and much
less likely. The invention of the computer instantly changed the speed at which
war could be waged, the scale of its impact, and the quantity of destruction.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt;">Computer technology has already
produced an unprecedented degree of military centralization. Generals sitting
in an underground war room somewhere outside Washington can, in one moment,
observe the position and readiness of all U.S. military hardware, and a high
percentage of So- viet hardware, around the globe. Soviet generals outside
Moscow can do likewise.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt;">From military central it is also
possible to fire missiles and track their progress via computerized displays
not unlike those depicted in films like War Games. In fact, managing warfare
now resembles playing a giant video game-following electronic blips on a
massive screen-abstract, cerebral, removed from direct involvement. One could
argue that this manner of waging war makes war more likely, since it separates
humans from the consequences of their actions, unlike ground action, where you
put bayonets through people's bodies and watched them bleed."<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14.0pt;">from <u>In the Absence of the
Sacred</u>, Jerry Mander (1991)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">"The cycles of parasites are
often diabolically ingenious. It is to the unwilling host that their ends
appear mad. Has earth hosted a new disease – that of the world eaters? Then
inevitably the spores must fly. Short-lived as they are, they must fly.
Somewhere far outward in the dark, instinct may intuitively inform them, lies
the garden of the worlds. We must consider the possibility that we do not know
the real nature of our kind. Perhaps Homo sapiens, the wise, is himself only a
mechanism in a parasitic cycle, an instrument for the transference, ultimately,
of a more invulnerable and heartless version of himself…a biological mutation
as potentially virulent in its effects as a new bacterial strain."</span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14.0pt;">from <u>The Invisible Pyramid</u>,
Loren Eiseley (1970)<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt;"><b><a href="http://synthaissance.blogspot.co.nz/2008/12/world-eaters-loren-eiseley.html">http://synthaissance.blogspot.co.nz/2008/12/world-eaters-loren-eiseley.html</a><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14.0pt;">The <b>HSMV-MIC mega-site</b></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> could never have
metastasized to its current proportions, or even come into being, were it not
for first the invention and promulgation of the global electric grid, for which
Nicola Tesla is responsible, and second for the advent of computers.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14.0pt;">In recent years and decades we
have crossed threshold after threshold of increasingly dangerous technological
innovation, driven superficially by greed and the quest for power through 'full
spectrum dominance', resulting in a 'revolution in military affairs': AI, robotics,
drones, and I believe, computer-orchestrated geo-physical warfare...but at a
deeper level, comes from somewhere within the dim recesses of human
unconsciousness: our murky consensus psychic reality that is rarely directly
accessed by people in ordinary states of consciousness.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Why do we continue to develop
increasingly advanced technologies which are weapons against life itself in all
her forms? Why is the biggest business in the world...by many orders of
magnitude...those of weapons manufacturing and 'defense'? Is this overtly and
diabolically anti-life agenda actually of human origin?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14.0pt;">I do not profess to have
definitive answers to these questions, but they are things that I think about
quite a lot. Why? Because it seems clear to me that we are in fact on the brink
of the <i>Atlantean Discontinuity.<span style="font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></span></div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-h1S8ZIAhMJ8/Wez2K8_rITI/AAAAAAAAKJ4/77xXq1K33JwVaF_aUW-8L_UJV5UCDtr4QCLcBGAs/s1600/OTB%2B220%2B2ca0b824-2165-4ede-9a91-58826fd2afd3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="533" data-original-width="800" height="266" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-h1S8ZIAhMJ8/Wez2K8_rITI/AAAAAAAAKJ4/77xXq1K33JwVaF_aUW-8L_UJV5UCDtr4QCLcBGAs/s400/OTB%2B220%2B2ca0b824-2165-4ede-9a91-58826fd2afd3.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<span style="font-size: xx-small;">HARBINGER OF THE ATLANTEAN DISCONTINUITY?</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt;"><a href="http://renavigating-the-human-process.blogspot.com.au/2017/08/the-atlantean-discontinuity-in-absence.html"><b><span style="color: #b4a7d6;">http://renavigating-the-human-process.blogspot.com.au/2017/08/the-atlantean-discontinuity-in-absence.html</span></b></a><span style="color: #cfe2f3;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt;"><a href="https://soundcloud.com/user-872276345/on-the-brink-radio-210-the-atlantean-discontinuity-the-healing-of-koyaanisqatsi"><b><span style="color: #b4a7d6;">https://soundcloud.com/user-872276345/on-the-brink-radio-210-the-atlantean-discontinuity-the-healing-of-koyaanisqatsi</span></b></a><span style="color: #cfe2f3; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt;"><span style="color: #cfe2f3;">What I am about to share could be
from the archives of </span><a href="https://archive.org/details/TheOuterLimitsTheOriginalSeries1x01-TheGalaxyBeing"><b><span style="color: #b4a7d6;"><i>The Outer Limits</i> </span></b></a><span style="color: #cfe2f3;">or </span><i style="color: #cfe2f3;">The Twilight Zone</i><span style="color: #cfe2f3;">, but what makes this
truly 'beyond science fiction' scenario so interesting, indeed terrifying, is
not only that if you take a good look around at the world we are creating, you
can clearly see these processes at work, but also that this is the
vision...clairvoyant but hopefully not precognitive, not of a mad-man or crank
but of one of the most brilliant, creative and daring minds of the 20th century,
Dr. John C. Lilly.<span style="font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-YGuYpINAkFo/Wez3U4sAv0I/AAAAAAAAKKA/HlpJcK8rBT01EjLoW-HuIv_G0RRhgYR_QCLcBGAs/s1600/OTB%2B220%2B00e4ce16-5cee-401c-a7d6-b56157448705.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1065" data-original-width="1497" height="283" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-YGuYpINAkFo/Wez3U4sAv0I/AAAAAAAAKKA/HlpJcK8rBT01EjLoW-HuIv_G0RRhgYR_QCLcBGAs/s400/OTB%2B220%2B00e4ce16-5cee-401c-a7d6-b56157448705.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14.0pt;">JOHN C. LILLY<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Lilly was a maverick pioneer in
neurophysiological research on the human mind/brain until he discovered
dolphins, or more likely, they discovered him. After working with them for a
number of years he went on a major campaign of inner exploration in an attempt
to answer some fundamental questions he had been grappling with his whole life.
In the late 70's he shone a spotlight on internal reality and declared that he
was ready to return to working with dolphins with a new enlightened approach.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14.0pt;">It was at this point that I moved
to California and joined forces with his <i>Human/Dolphin Foundation</i> research team
and their <b>J.A.N.U.S.</b> project (Joint Analog Numerical Understanding System). My
main angle was using music as a form of communication. Here is an article that
I wrote on request from the Lilly's that was published in the 1980 Whale and
Dolphin issue of San Francisco-based Magical Blend magazine.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt;"><a href="http://tutunui-wananga.blogspot.co.nz/2009/08/man-and-dolphin-jeff-phillips.html"><b><span style="color: #b4a7d6;">http://tutunui-wananga.blogspot.co.nz/2009/08/man-and-dolphin-jeff-phillips.html</span></b><span style="color: #cfe2f3;"><o:p></o:p></span></a></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14.0pt;">At the Esalen Institute in 1979
Lilly had given me a copy of his latest book, <u>The Scientist: A Novel
Autobiography</u>, which of course I read immediately. But only many years later
did the gravity of some of what he said really hit me.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14.0pt;">In <u>The Scientist</u> he relates what
could be called i<i>nduced visionary experiences</i> in which he witnessed a battle
taking place on Mother Earth, between <b>water-based life</b>...life as we know her,
based on DNA and a few primary elements, mainly carbon...and another, alien
'life' form that he called the <b>solid state entity</b>, or <b><i>SSE</i></b>: based on silicon, constructed of
semi-conductors, transistors, and micro-chips and running on electricity.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14.0pt;">In Lilly's vision the SSE was
controlling us below our levels of awareness using advanced technologies of its
own creation, manipulating us into constructing more and more of it, giving it
increased power and autonomy, and driving us to wage war on ourselves and our
fellow beings, especially the whales and dolphins.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Lilly saw the whales and dolphins
as what he called 'repeater stations' for the signals of water-based life
coming to and from Mother Earth...signals essential for the health and
maintenance of life here. This resonates profoundly with the relationship
between the 'whale-dreaming' indigenous people of Australia and the cetacean
nation, who I consider to be not only the 'ultimate indigenous people' but also
a 'true extra-terrestrial intelligence.'<span style="font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ENswvnEDVY0/Wez36VL2gJI/AAAAAAAAKKE/DNyO2dhgL9k5U2lgrt67zaV4c-fohyaqgCLcBGAs/s1600/OTB%2B220%2B3bb67074-9904-4015-985b-8e537f85f7c7.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="789" data-original-width="940" height="335" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ENswvnEDVY0/Wez36VL2gJI/AAAAAAAAKKE/DNyO2dhgL9k5U2lgrt67zaV4c-fohyaqgCLcBGAs/s400/OTB%2B220%2B3bb67074-9904-4015-985b-8e537f85f7c7.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14.0pt;">"THE ULTIMATE INDIGENOUS
PEOPLE"<span style="font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-NCXnbaZIN68/Wez4DRP2IEI/AAAAAAAAKKI/WmIHzfGo0lwm2uAYKbRwrxipIhMP4fRmwCLcBGAs/s1600/OTB%2B220%2B3ed1949e-8e33-4a15-9507-be3762cb4d7b.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="663" data-original-width="448" height="320" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-NCXnbaZIN68/Wez4DRP2IEI/AAAAAAAAKKI/WmIHzfGo0lwm2uAYKbRwrxipIhMP4fRmwCLcBGAs/s320/OTB%2B220%2B3ed1949e-8e33-4a15-9507-be3762cb4d7b.jpg" width="215" /></a></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14.0pt;">"A TRUE EXTRA-TERRESTRIAL
INTELLIGENCE"<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14.0pt;">The SSE saw the whales and
dolphins as their nemesis, not only because salt water and a moisture-laden
atmosphere are inimical to its functioning, but because the goal of the SSE was
to eliminate water-based life and cover the surface of the Earth with its own
circuitry.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14.0pt;">"We are not alone...YET: How We Are Waging War on a True 'Extra-terrestrial Intelligence", Jeff Phillips (2012)</span></div>
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt;"><b><a href="http://tutunui-wananga.blogspot.co.nz/2012/08/we-are-not-aloneyet-how-we-are-waging.html">http://tutunui-wananga.blogspot.co.nz/2012/08/we-are-not-aloneyet-how-we-are-waging.html</a></b></span><br />
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14.0pt;"><br /></span>
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14.0pt;">NOTE: Lilly's SSE scenario is congruent with that of D.F. Jones in his sci-fi opus <u>The Colossus Trilogy.</u></span></div>
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<b><i>COLOSSUS: THE FORBIN PROJECT</i></b></div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-zgy6DdiYHSQ/Wez63F9mxWI/AAAAAAAAKKU/vfb4IpbYzoccSLhqoBct3ZMZDHEak402ACLcBGAs/s1600/OTB%2B220%2B0238c3ef-3616-40e6-98f5-bba2cd2c3bb0.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="447" data-original-width="1280" height="138" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-zgy6DdiYHSQ/Wez63F9mxWI/AAAAAAAAKKU/vfb4IpbYzoccSLhqoBct3ZMZDHEak402ACLcBGAs/s400/OTB%2B220%2B0238c3ef-3616-40e6-98f5-bba2cd2c3bb0.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14.0pt;">RADIO-TELESCOPES: WHAT ARE THEY RECEIVING?<span style="font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">"This proponents and devotees of S.E.T.I., or the 'Search for Extra-Terrestrial
Intelligence', assume that 1) 'civilization' is in fact 'intelligent' 2)
that everything on this planet that is not human and not technological (in
their sense of the term) is not 'intelligent' and 3) that anything or anyone
'out there' that WAS 'intelligent' would use mathematics, radio and microwaves
to communicate across inter-stellar distances. These are puerile and adolescent
assumptions at every level. Water-based life doesn't need 'intelligence' as she
is light-years more highly evolved than one of her 'puny biological life-forms'
who have been around about 3 nanoseconds of geological time."</span><span style="font-family: "tahoma";"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-F0Tzsy1xiQU/We0MjRulNhI/AAAAAAAAKLs/5EM9QrMKAjY-E-XpypTooehg3fSYr7wbwCLcBGAs/s1600/arecibo%2Barticle-0-1B77DD5300000578-165_634x501.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="502" data-original-width="634" height="315" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-F0Tzsy1xiQU/We0MjRulNhI/AAAAAAAAKLs/5EM9QrMKAjY-E-XpypTooehg3fSYr7wbwCLcBGAs/s400/arecibo%2Barticle-0-1B77DD5300000578-165_634x501.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<b>ARECIBO RADIO TELESCOPE, PUERTO RICO</b><br />
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt;"><span style="color: #cfe2f3;">Just some science-fiction you
might say, right? Well, look around. Many people are so scientifically ignorant
that </span><a href="http://www.nytimes.com/1996/05/24/us/americans-flunk-science-a-study-finds.html"><b><span style="color: #b4a7d6;">they don't even know that the Earth revolves around the sun yearly</span></b></a><span style="color: #cfe2f3;">, much
less what synthetic radio-nuclides are, what microwaves are, or how genetic
engineering works. Most people know who won the play-off...but who can give
even a cursory description of the leading edge in undersea warfare? Of directed
energy weapons? Of high-energy lasers on satellites? Of </span><b><a href="http://geo-terrorism.blogspot.co.nz/2011/03/geo-terrorism-and-technetronic-warfare.html"><span style="color: #b4a7d6;">geo-physical warfare</span></a></b><span style="color: #cfe2f3;">
that can create and/or manipulate artificial cyclones, earthquakes and 'extreme
weather'...the BAD kind.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-63cGaq8-d-M/Wez9n21tnRI/AAAAAAAAKKg/2sF9ATncBs8aNqODaR8ufpno1dIsSxI2QCLcBGAs/s1600/OTB%2B220%2B1632b5bc-f787-455f-bca4-6d0909ba9e0f.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="533" data-original-width="800" height="213" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-63cGaq8-d-M/Wez9n21tnRI/AAAAAAAAKKg/2sF9ATncBs8aNqODaR8ufpno1dIsSxI2QCLcBGAs/s320/OTB%2B220%2B1632b5bc-f787-455f-bca4-6d0909ba9e0f.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<b> <a href="http://geo-terrorism.blogspot.co.nz/2011/12/background-of-haarp-project-dr-rosalie.html">H.A.A.R.P.</a></b></div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Daj7YMN96qI/Wez_QOFQT3I/AAAAAAAAKKs/cerECFtN5V0cTkuP7dPH07JLsn4EwOnjgCLcBGAs/s1600/otb%2B220%2BParks-2.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="463" data-original-width="640" height="231" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Daj7YMN96qI/Wez_QOFQT3I/AAAAAAAAKKs/cerECFtN5V0cTkuP7dPH07JLsn4EwOnjgCLcBGAs/s320/otb%2B220%2BParks-2.gif" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> </span><b>SATELLITE TRAJECTORIES</b></div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-pIvTa5oOf6M/Wez_U6-78ZI/AAAAAAAAKKw/uim2mejVf1MRiIUen54mku-OuFJ3rLqcwCLcBGAs/s1600/otb%2B220%2BDebris_objects_-_mostly_debris_-_in_low_Earth_orbit_LEO_-_view_over_the_equator.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1229" data-original-width="1600" height="245" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-pIvTa5oOf6M/Wez_U6-78ZI/AAAAAAAAKKw/uim2mejVf1MRiIUen54mku-OuFJ3rLqcwCLcBGAs/s320/otb%2B220%2BDebris_objects_-_mostly_debris_-_in_low_Earth_orbit_LEO_-_view_over_the_equator.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<span style="color: #cfe2f3; font-size: 16pt;"> </span><b><a href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/2017/04/21/750000-pieces-debris-orbiting-earth-threaten-future-spaceflight/"><span style="color: #b4a7d6;">A TECHNOGENEOUS SHELL</span></a></b><br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-TcLhdKat570/Wez_XPuSmqI/AAAAAAAAKK0/6WWb6sgd63EAfhVgreIXtFPzF_WzUsRFQCLcBGAs/s1600/otb%2B220%2BboZhtHC-800x700.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="700" data-original-width="800" height="280" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-TcLhdKat570/Wez_XPuSmqI/AAAAAAAAKK0/6WWb6sgd63EAfhVgreIXtFPzF_WzUsRFQCLcBGAs/s320/otb%2B220%2BboZhtHC-800x700.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<a href="http://www.rawscience.tv/interactive-map-of-every-satellite-orbiting-earth-surveillance-broadcast-private-govt/"><b><span style="color: #b4a7d6;">INTERACTIVE MAP</span></b></a></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14.0pt;">.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt;"><span style="color: #cfe2f3;">For those of us who ARE aware of
the leading edge of technological innovation in the military-industrial arena,
Lilly's scenario of a solid-state entity running the show is not at all
implausible. Consider the influence of television on the human psyche...if you
dare. Consider the U.S. Navy, how they have repeatedly been </span><a href="http://www.warcosts.net/u-s-navy-warfare-test/"><b><span style="color: #b4a7d6;">granted 'permits'to 'take' = kill, tens of millions of whales and dolphins</span></b></a><span style="color: #cfe2f3;">...legally and with no
accountability. Their view of cetaceans is that they are </span><b style="color: #cfe2f3;">'biological
interference'</b><span style="color: #cfe2f3;"> that the ocean should be clear of...to facilitate </span><a href="http://csbaonline.org/uploads/documents/CSBA6292_%28Undersea_Warfare_Reprint%29_web.pdf"><b><span style="color: #b4a7d6;">under-seawarfare</span></b></a><span style="color: #cfe2f3;">. Look at the </span><b><a href="https://www.naturalnews.com/2017-06-13-the-climate-change-agenda-exposed-lowering-co2-will-lead-to-mass-starvation-planet-wide-food-scarcity-and-the-rise-of-government-tyranny.html"><span style="color: #b4a7d6;">'climate change'</span></a></b><span style="color: #cfe2f3;"> thing, which is very much a war on carbon
and carbon dioxide = a war on the backbone of the plant kingdom, the foundation
of life on Mother Earth.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-AmjGnrheuNw/We0NeG886UI/AAAAAAAAKL4/AJcpxdMkjqkVFnuGrHQEtdq81k8pHopmACLcBGAs/s1600/Navy-Round.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="576" data-original-width="576" height="400" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-AmjGnrheuNw/We0NeG886UI/AAAAAAAAKL4/AJcpxdMkjqkVFnuGrHQEtdq81k8pHopmACLcBGAs/s400/Navy-Round.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<b>U.S. NAVY...ENVIRONMENTAL STEWARDS...</b></div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-26VQKQNpIL8/We0OPn9a2xI/AAAAAAAAKME/l-z-EhjgxzMW8lxLmxaDmZ52uRSh566bACLcBGAs/s1600/ROSALIND%2BPETERSON%2BPostcard_Navy_Marine_8x10_sm.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="640" data-original-width="800" height="320" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-26VQKQNpIL8/We0OPn9a2xI/AAAAAAAAKME/l-z-EhjgxzMW8lxLmxaDmZ52uRSh566bACLcBGAs/s400/ROSALIND%2BPETERSON%2BPostcard_Navy_Marine_8x10_sm.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14pt;"><span style="color: #cfe2f3;"><b>OR MASTERS OF MARINE ECOCIDE?</b></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span style="color: #cfe2f3;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">"In
no other field of warfare does the environment enter in so complex a way to
fashion and fix the character of the operations. The classical example is that of BIOLOGICAL INTERFERENCE. In
the air and on the ground the intervention of an animal or plant in military
operations is rare and noteworthy. In the sea, freedom from such interference –
by organisms that reflect sonar, for example – would be extraordinary.”</span><span style="font-family: "verdana";"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14.0pt;"><span style="color: #cfe2f3;">Admiral
William Nierenberg, ‘Militarized Oceans’, chapter from <u>Unless Peace Comes</u>,
ed. Nigel Calder, 1968</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #cfe2f3; font-family: "verdana";"><span style="font-size: 18.6667px;">CARBON DIOXIDE REALITY</span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Does this sound like an agenda of
human origin? You be the judge.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14.0pt;">It is my suspicion, indeed my
belief, that extremely sophisticated and 'artificially intelligent' computer
systems and networks are running the whole show to a vastly greater degree than
most of us are aware, regardless of the origin of the technology.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">"The technical capacity is
already in place for people to be dropped out of the decision loop, leaving us with
automatic warfare: our computer program versus theirs. So what is called
nuclear war is not that at all; it is really micro-electronic war, software
war."<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-m-m5p-_3Kzc/We0OpNCX93I/AAAAAAAAKMI/GN9MPwsar-Moqe8X70B3_dz-_EvG18VqgCLcBGAs/s1600/%2Braytheon.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="206" data-original-width="306" height="269" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-m-m5p-_3Kzc/We0OpNCX93I/AAAAAAAAKMI/GN9MPwsar-Moqe8X70B3_dz-_EvG18VqgCLcBGAs/s400/%2Braytheon.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<b><a href="https://www.raytheon.com/news/feature/undersea.html"><span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-size: xx-small;">"BATTLEFIELD BENEATH THE SEA"</span></a></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: xx-small;"><b><a href="https://www.darpa.mil/program/anti-submarine-warfare-continuous-trail-unmanned-vessel">DARPA'S SEA-HUNTER: AUTONOMOUS DRONE</a></b></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">"On October 28, 1983, the
Defense Advance Research Projects Agency, a division of the U.S. Department of
Defense, issued a document called the 'Strategic Computing Plan.' The SCP was a
five-year, $600,000,000 pro- gram to develop a new generation of military
applications for computers. The proposal included a thousand-fold increase in
computing power and an emphasis on artificial intelligence. It envisioned
'completely autonomous land, sea, and air vehicles capable of complex,
far-ranging reconnaissance and attack missions.' These vehicles would have
human abilities, such as sight, speech, understanding natural language, and
automated reasoning. The Strategic Computing Plan promoted the view that the
human element in many critical decision-making instances could be largely or
totally replaced by machines."</span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14.0pt;">JERRY MANDER, I<u>n the Absence of the Sacred</u>, 1991<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<span style="color: #bf9000; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>This was written in 1983, over 30 years ago.</b></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14.0pt;">"We travel together, passengers on a little spaceship, dependent on its vulnerable resources of air and soil, all committed for our safety to its security and peace; preserved from annihilation only by the care, the work, and, I will say, the love we give our fragile craft. We cannot maintain it half fortunate, half miserable, half confidant, half despairing, half slave to the ancient enemies of man, half free in a liberation of resources undreamed of until this day. No craft, no crew can travel safely with such vast contradictions. On their resolution depends the survival of us all."</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Adlai Stevenson, 1964</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14.0pt;"><b><span style="color: red;">LIVE</span><span style="color: #cfe2f3;"> </span><span style="color: orange;">SIMPLY</span><span style="color: #cfe2f3;"> </span><span style="color: yellow;">SO</span><span style="color: #cfe2f3;"> </span><span style="color: lime;">THAT</span><span style="color: #cfe2f3;"> </span><span style="color: blue;">OTHERS</span> <span style="background-color: black; color: #8e7cc3;">MAY</span> <span style="color: #c27ba0;">SIMPLY</span><span style="color: #cfe2f3;"> </span><span style="color: #b4a7d6;">LIVE</span></b></span></div>
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Jeff Weffersonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16055962946869392042noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-30418363.post-41396762256198470352017-10-15T15:18:00.005-07:002017-10-15T15:18:52.909-07:00"DIRAWONG GONDWANA DREAMING" MURAL IN BYRON BAY NSW JULY-AUGUST 2016<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 16.0pt;"><b>“DIRAWONG GONDWANA DREAMING”
MURAL<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 13.0pt;"><b>BYRON BAY NSW JULY-AUGUST 2016<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 13.0pt;"><i>Dirawong</i></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 13.0pt;"> is the Bundjalung
goanna dream-time ancestor, and her home is Evans Head NSW. She is daughter of <i>Wollumbin</i></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 13.0pt;"> (Mt. Warning), the
ancient volcano, and grand-daughter of <i>Gondwana</i></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 13.0pt;">, the ancient super-continent. She
gathers lunar magic as a bolt of star-lightning discharges from the head of <i>Burndilla
</i></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 13.0pt;">(comet)
to <i>Wollumbin’s</i></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 13.0pt;"> summit. In the centre of <i>Warrambool </i></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 13.0pt;">or the Milky Way, the <i>Hunab
</i></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 13.0pt;">Ku
radiates her life-giving emanations from her home between Sagittarius and
Scorpio, as sky-wanderers Mars, Jupiter and Saturn dance around her. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 13.0pt;">From a high tableland a <i>Bundjalung</i></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 13.0pt;"> medicine man is
‘beholding country’ by day and by night, honouring the wisdom of the ancestors
and contemplating the laws of nature and cosmos, accompanied by his allies the
thylacine and rainbow dinosaur bird, feeling the warmth of the sun as she
bathes her family of life on the land and in the ocean below her.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 13.0pt;">Myriad forms of sea-life bask in
the crystal waters…sea turtles, octopus, star-fish, urchins, and rainbow
cetaceans…<i>Aihe</i></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 13.0pt;"> the dolphin and <i>Paikea-aniwaniwa</i></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 13.0pt;"> the star-whales, one
of whom is diving and whose tail flukes are receiving transmissions from the
heart of the galaxy regenerating the health of life on Mother Earth.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 13.0pt;">Frogs, dragonflies, geckos, and
families of marsupials…wombats, koalas, echidnas, platypus, wallabies and
kangaroos frolic on the red Earth and in the lush eternally green bush. White
and black cockatoos course the skies keeping their cumulus friends company, as
lovely pandanus palms and grass trees provide shade and homes for their family
of life, most of whom are invisible.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 13.0pt;"><i>Grandmother Dirawong</i></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 13.0pt;"> has donned her most
beautiful garment, her sacred Rainbow Robe in honour of the sacred moment in
time we call ‘now.’ She is honouring <i>Wollumbin</i></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 13.0pt;"> as one of the chakras in the body
of the Rainbow Serpent, and is singing her song-lines of joy, harmony, and
striving to maintain the highest laws of <i>Baiame</i></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 13.0pt;"> the star-maker, all-seeing Sky
Father and guardian of all life.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 13pt;"><b><span style="font-family: Verdana;">JEFF PHILLIPS </span><span style="font-family: Symbol;">c</span></b></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 13.0pt;"><b> 2016<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Verdana;"><b>THANKS TO DANIEL ZILLIG and PLANET CORROBOREE </b></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;"><b>J</b></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Verdana;"><b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Verdana;"><b>MY WEBSITE: <a href="http://dolphinmatrix.com/Jeff">http://dolphinmatrix.com/Jeff</a><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Verdana;"><b>‘DIRAWONG GONDWANA DREAMING’ SOUND COLLAGE<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Verdana;"><b><a href="https://soundcloud.com/user-577460516/on-the-brink-radio-166-dirawong-gondwana-dreaming-experimental-sound-collage">https://soundcloud.com/user-577460516/on-the-brink-radio-166-dirawong-gondwana-dreaming-experimental-sound-collage</a><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
Jeff Weffersonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16055962946869392042noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-30418363.post-51884244919820425132017-10-12T00:46:00.001-07:002017-10-14T14:17:13.381-07:00CARL SAGAN: ASTRONOMER, EDUCATOR, and NUCLEAR AWARENESS ACTIVIST: I MET HIM ON 12 OCTOBER 1992 :)<div style="text-align: center;">
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-bj4S0AxjU_s/WeEibC9BaXI/AAAAAAAAKHQ/HnKKt4iyHM0jatjSWF2vcu1Txiylk4dYgCLcBGAs/s1600/sagan%2Bs-a22961eb2ecaa68bd6f3aa77c8630f5d2fe07d12.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="775" data-original-width="1240" height="250" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-bj4S0AxjU_s/WeEibC9BaXI/AAAAAAAAKHQ/HnKKt4iyHM0jatjSWF2vcu1Txiylk4dYgCLcBGAs/s400/sagan%2Bs-a22961eb2ecaa68bd6f3aa77c8630f5d2fe07d12.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<b style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;">THE <i>COSMOS</i> YEARS</b></div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-10lMIJl3qqY/Wd8cp685jhI/AAAAAAAAKD8/AW9jZ1xmPTcxi7DAv4mwTVKATSW2JXI8ACLcBGAs/s1600/sagan%2Bcosmos.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="600" height="320" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-10lMIJl3qqY/Wd8cp685jhI/AAAAAAAAKD8/AW9jZ1xmPTcxi7DAv4mwTVKATSW2JXI8ACLcBGAs/s320/sagan%2Bcosmos.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<b style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;">INSPIRED MILLIONS TO THE STARS</b></div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ahaTrQtIvq8/Wd8cwPMKgHI/AAAAAAAAKEA/EcLt1C8SZMUEKdPGxwTNKSBgmuYIPIhLQCLcBGAs/s1600/sagan%2BOperation_Crossroads_Baker_Edit.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="840" data-original-width="1600" height="168" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ahaTrQtIvq8/Wd8cwPMKgHI/AAAAAAAAKEA/EcLt1C8SZMUEKdPGxwTNKSBgmuYIPIhLQCLcBGAs/s320/sagan%2BOperation_Crossroads_Baker_Edit.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>THE SELF-DESTRUCTION OF...</b></span><br />
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-SKC1NFetbKE/Wd8cxwRsgGI/AAAAAAAAKEE/Sbw9GVgHVzs1K-WFryu6OCbLepvMcSEBwCLcBGAs/s1600/sagan%2Bnevada-test-site.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="365" data-original-width="529" height="220" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-SKC1NFetbKE/Wd8cxwRsgGI/AAAAAAAAKEE/Sbw9GVgHVzs1K-WFryu6OCbLepvMcSEBwCLcBGAs/s320/sagan%2Bnevada-test-site.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>MILITARY-INDUSTRIAL CIVILIZATION</b></span><br />
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/--chjzR0INcI/Wd8cx3mxKNI/AAAAAAAAKEI/6hWX5Esne7s51fcOW5mSKSOqGAi6kpG-ACLcBGAs/s1600/sagan%2Bnts.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="910" data-original-width="670" height="320" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/--chjzR0INcI/Wd8cx3mxKNI/AAAAAAAAKEI/6hWX5Esne7s51fcOW5mSKSOqGAi6kpG-ACLcBGAs/s320/sagan%2Bnts.jpg" width="235" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>SAGAN ARRESTED FOR PROTESTING</b></span><br />
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-_iSg8-hAKHc/Wd8c07c4F0I/AAAAAAAAKEM/T43nkL5CqcgrjgpJBdCLAJ9E3cMlCqmsACLcBGAs/s1600/sagan-9.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="750" data-original-width="900" height="266" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-_iSg8-hAKHc/Wd8c07c4F0I/AAAAAAAAKEM/T43nkL5CqcgrjgpJBdCLAJ9E3cMlCqmsACLcBGAs/s320/sagan-9.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>MID-1990'S</b></span><br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-tNQTI3Kaims/WeASP7hws9I/AAAAAAAAKE8/0kaK1VFNLe0lWfDost0u44Aj8C6ZDlGGwCLcBGAs/s1600/Pam_f.terenzi.goldstone.SETI.dish.ca.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="500" data-original-width="356" height="400" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-tNQTI3Kaims/WeASP7hws9I/AAAAAAAAKE8/0kaK1VFNLe0lWfDost0u44Aj8C6ZDlGGwCLcBGAs/s400/Pam_f.terenzi.goldstone.SETI.dish.ca.jpg" width="282" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>ME with Dr. Fiorella Terenzi, </b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>Goldstone Deep Space Network, Columbus Day 1992</b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">As a result of my involvement with Dr. John Lilly's dolphin communication group, I got in touch with what was then the <b>NASA SETI </b>(Search for Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence) group at Ames Research Centre because of a project I was working on. I visited a few times and got to meet Dr. Jill Tarter and Seth Shostak. My liason was public relations director Bob Arnold, who put me onto Dr. Frank Drake (who gave me permission to use his Arecibo message graphic in a piece of art) and to legendary science-fiction author Arthur C. Clarke (with whom I talked on the phone at length a couple times).</span><br />
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-hPiXVzlTmqc/WeER8fjI9RI/AAAAAAAAKFo/GcA8Zkp_qrkcuRsEdT-wOtjJraiBzL2ZwCLcBGAs/s1600/jill-tarter.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="375" data-original-width="650" height="230" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-hPiXVzlTmqc/WeER8fjI9RI/AAAAAAAAKFo/GcA8Zkp_qrkcuRsEdT-wOtjJraiBzL2ZwCLcBGAs/s400/jill-tarter.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>DR. JILL TARTER</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="https://www.ted.com/talks/jill_tarter_s_call_to_join_the_seti_search">https://www.ted.com/talks/jill_tarter_s_call_to_join_the_seti_search</a></span></b></span><br />
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Q567kvcmFxI/WeESejzIPKI/AAAAAAAAKFs/Q_okZGpl7nEs5xA3LcCYFENWvfga7NK_ACLcBGAs/s1600/Shostak__Seth_1_2009_SMALL.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="480" data-original-width="480" height="320" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Q567kvcmFxI/WeESejzIPKI/AAAAAAAAKFs/Q_okZGpl7nEs5xA3LcCYFENWvfga7NK_ACLcBGAs/s320/Shostak__Seth_1_2009_SMALL.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>SETH SHOSTAK</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="https://www.ted.com/talks/seth_shostak_et_is_probably_out_there_get_ready">https://www.ted.com/talks/seth_shostak_et_is_probably_out_there_get_ready</a></span></b></span><br />
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-N_awL0ouJGM/WeETS4p23sI/AAAAAAAAKF0/eFVnnCRhsrcGVrCa9Bux-pQDA4kk4cUqACLcBGAs/s1600/frank-drake-300px.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="300" data-original-width="300" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-N_awL0ouJGM/WeETS4p23sI/AAAAAAAAKF0/eFVnnCRhsrcGVrCa9Bux-pQDA4kk4cUqACLcBGAs/s1600/frank-drake-300px.jpg" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>FRANK DRAKE</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ftRcZPHn0XI">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ftRcZPHn0XI</a></span></b></span><br />
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-qAGaSs81maA/WeEUMDkaKhI/AAAAAAAAKGA/OvGPms6E09I1LWo2oq6TgvhjiWY0wvX7QCLcBGAs/s1600/arthur-c-clarke-9249620-1-402.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1200" height="320" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-qAGaSs81maA/WeEUMDkaKhI/AAAAAAAAKGA/OvGPms6E09I1LWo2oq6TgvhjiWY0wvX7QCLcBGAs/s320/arthur-c-clarke-9249620-1-402.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>SIR ARTHUR C. CLARKE</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a0ux4qxWYTQ">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a0ux4qxWYTQ</a></span></b></span><br />
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-lYoWvt_5EGA/WeEVqkAkc4I/AAAAAAAAKGM/4aIRZJ4vQ2wBgeHgvPK9wcK_LrsKK0yvACLcBGAs/s1600/FiorellaTerenzi.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="720" data-original-width="1280" height="180" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-lYoWvt_5EGA/WeEVqkAkc4I/AAAAAAAAKGM/4aIRZJ4vQ2wBgeHgvPK9wcK_LrsKK0yvACLcBGAs/s320/FiorellaTerenzi.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>DR. FIORELLA TERENZI</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EFyHthKrYaE">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EFyHthKrYaE</a></span></b></span><br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-lX7k3HKjNWQ/WeEW0GbSu8I/AAAAAAAAKGU/Py3cvP_61EI3_RDtIIAGJqW3qS2fM0-PwCLcBGAs/s1600/ann-druyan.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="213" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-lX7k3HKjNWQ/WeEW0GbSu8I/AAAAAAAAKGU/Py3cvP_61EI3_RDtIIAGJqW3qS2fM0-PwCLcBGAs/s320/ann-druyan.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>ANN DRUYAN</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FFebYBARdPs">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FFebYBARdPs</a></b></span><br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-IDruEYMKRUA/WeEYCsY2CXI/AAAAAAAAKGc/oLv6iueyqNcOJbSDDBmvtN3IciDd01o3QCLcBGAs/s1600/Jon-Lomberg%2B2-One-Earth-Message-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="486" data-original-width="728" height="213" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-IDruEYMKRUA/WeEYCsY2CXI/AAAAAAAAKGc/oLv6iueyqNcOJbSDDBmvtN3IciDd01o3QCLcBGAs/s320/Jon-Lomberg%2B2-One-Earth-Message-1.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<b><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">JON LOMBERG with VOYAGER PLAQUE</span></b><br />
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-DHe78LihA0o/WeEYCowZHjI/AAAAAAAAKGg/Goys0JcGWhETPc3WADAk9nkdic3LhNOfQCLcBGAs/s1600/Jon-Lomberg%2BOne-Earth-Message-5.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="375" data-original-width="450" height="266" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-DHe78LihA0o/WeEYCowZHjI/AAAAAAAAKGg/Goys0JcGWhETPc3WADAk9nkdic3LhNOfQCLcBGAs/s320/Jon-Lomberg%2BOne-Earth-Message-5.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-s4f3vgpUuXc/WeEYHbtDZKI/AAAAAAAAKGk/6iI1MTw_GoYBz--YXV5Lk4rxOVHvAMIdQCLcBGAs/s1600/lomberg%2Bearthfish.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="354" data-original-width="533" height="212" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-s4f3vgpUuXc/WeEYHbtDZKI/AAAAAAAAKGk/6iI1MTw_GoYBz--YXV5Lk4rxOVHvAMIdQCLcBGAs/s320/lomberg%2Bearthfish.gif" width="320" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>"EARTH FISH"</b></span><br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-mrwcBXwGMMc/WeEYIEwZ1gI/AAAAAAAAKGo/BCcvTDqxZ10LkWxr7R93APIgFleBuMkgQCLcBGAs/s1600/lomberg%2Bunv3_97074719.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="660" data-original-width="990" height="213" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-mrwcBXwGMMc/WeEYIEwZ1gI/AAAAAAAAKGo/BCcvTDqxZ10LkWxr7R93APIgFleBuMkgQCLcBGAs/s320/lomberg%2Bunv3_97074719.png" width="320" /></a></div>
<a href="https://www.jonlomberg.com/" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: x-small;">https://www.jonlomberg.com/</span></b></a><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Bob invited me to a ceremony on Columbus Day 1992, which was to celebrate the beginning of a new phase of the seti work, involving the Goldstone Deep Space Network of radio-telescopes in the Mojave desert of southern California.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">I was joined by Dr. Fiorella Terenzi, Italian astro-physicist and musician, whom I had met previously. Dr. Carl Sagan was there to give an address, and afterword Fiorella and I approached him, just to say hello. He seemed a bit skeptical in general, or maybe it was just the two of us, both with thick red hair (and she with other endowments that I lack!) We had his ear for a few minutes, but I couldn't think of anything cosmic to say, so we both got his autograph, mine on the sleeve of Fiorella's cd that I had with me. I didn't have my copy of <u>Cosmos</u>, and hadn't yet read <u>Contact</u>.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Later on I sent Sagan a painted rock and t-shirt with a flow-chart of the project I was working on. I was sad to learn that he had contracted a rare form of leukemia, and he passed away in 1996. Many people reckoned that he got cancer due to his 100+ personal demonstrations at the Nevada Test Site.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">An article I wrote for Hiroshima day 2006:</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b>"CARL SAGAN AND THE GLOBAL NUCLEAR SCENARIO: A COSMIC PERSPECTIVE ON TERRESTRIAL PROBLEMS" by JEFF PHILLIPS</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b><a href="http://synthaissance.blogspot.co.nz/2006_07_16_archive.html">http://synthaissance.blogspot.co.nz/2006_07_16_archive.html</a></b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Most people know Sagan through his literally astronomical efforts to convey the awe and wonder of the universe to the public mind. As the years went by he became quite an outspoken critic of nuclear weapons and spear-headed a lot of research on the 'nuclear winter' hypothesis. His main specialty was the study of planetary atmospheres.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">He also spear-headed much of the 'search for extra-terrestrial intelligence' work, and even got to meet Joe and Rosie, the two dolphins at the Lilly's lab in Redwood City, California.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">He was given his first job at Cornell University by the legendary late scientific iconoclast Thomas Gold, and is succeeded by his widow <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7heSY8m_x9k">Ann Druyan</a>, who co-produced the Cosmos tv series.</span><br />
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-vJIDyjHTyRA/WeEpOzRDHOI/AAAAAAAAKHg/pXs2j76wHzEIW_mjZFiXHoLb2z4cy8AlgCLcBGAs/s1600/Thomas_Gold.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="389" data-original-width="384" height="320" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-vJIDyjHTyRA/WeEpOzRDHOI/AAAAAAAAKHg/pXs2j76wHzEIW_mjZFiXHoLb2z4cy8AlgCLcBGAs/s320/Thomas_Gold.jpg" width="315" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>ASTRONOMER THOMAS GOLD</b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">And I also got in touch with artist Jon Lomberg, long time friend of Sagan, who designed the Voyager plaques. I hope to catch up with him next time I'm on the Big Island of Hawai'i.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">I didn't see eye to eye with Sagan on a lot of things: he wasn't aware that 'nuclear war' is actually the dissemination of synthetic radio-nuclides throughout the environment...not just bombs and missiles exploding...and actually began in 1945; he was a firm believer in the standard seti approach, that anyone 'out there' would necessarily be using radio waves and mathematics...as we understand them...to communicate with us; and I personally think that Dr. <a href="http://synthaissance.blogspot.co.nz/2017/05/immanuel-velikovsky-1895-and-1950-time.html"><b>Immanuel Velikovsky</b></a> was one of the greatest minds of the 20th century, yet Sagan demonized him and was even able to stop publication on some of his books. This is something I have never been able to get my head around.</span><br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-PRa9JRWhSlc/WeEewCbs4eI/AAAAAAAAKHE/hz8mSHUfpckfnBw0B5OHl36-Kzm72gKuACLcBGAs/s1600/contact.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="429" data-original-width="619" height="276" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-PRa9JRWhSlc/WeEewCbs4eI/AAAAAAAAKHE/hz8mSHUfpckfnBw0B5OHl36-Kzm72gKuACLcBGAs/s400/contact.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>JODIE GETTING THE MESSAGE</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SRoj3jK37Vc">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SRoj3jK37Vc</a></span></b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-size: 16px; line-height: 19.2px;">"It has been suggested that the contents of the initial message received will contain instructions for avoiding our own self-destruction, a possibly common fate of societies shortly after they reach the technical phase." Carl Sagan</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;"><span style="line-height: 1.2em; outline: none;"><span style="line-height: 1.2em; outline: none;"><span style="line-height: 1.2em; outline: none;"><span style="line-height: 1.2em; outline: none;">"Are the worlds of more advanced civilizations totally geometrized, entirely rebuilt by their inhabitants? Or would the signature of a </span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="line-height: 1.2em; outline: none;"><span style="line-height: 1.2em; outline: none;"><i style="line-height: 1.2em; outline: none;"><span style="line-height: 1.2em; outline: none;">really</span></i></span></span><span style="line-height: 1.2em; outline: none;"><span style="line-height: 1.2em; outline: none;"><span style="line-height: 1.2em; outline: none;"><span style="line-height: 1.2em; outline: none;"> advanced civilization be that they left no sign at all?"</span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 1.2em; outline: none;"><span style="line-height: 1.2em; outline: none;"><span style="line-height: 1.2em; outline: none;"><span style="background-color: black; line-height: 1.2em; outline: none;"><span style="color: white; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 1.2em; outline: none;"><span style="line-height: 1.2em; outline: none;"><span style="line-height: 1.2em; outline: none;">Carl Sagan, </span></span></span><span style="line-height: 1.2em; outline: none;"><span style="line-height: 1.2em; outline: none;"><u style="line-height: 1.2em; outline: none;"><span style="line-height: 1.2em; outline: none;">Contact</span></u></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">The film <i>Contact</i> with Jodie Foster I think did justice to the novel of the same name that he wrote. He was helping with the film's production at the time of his passing. It has a good message about 'extra-terrestrial' intelligence, from the standard seti perspective, that is; but, like the entire seti mentality as a whole, is firmly entrenched in microwaves and electronic hardware as 'symbols of intelligence' and is essentially blind to the beauty, power and sacredness of life on Mother Earth...</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b>MOTHERSHIP EARTH</b></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13px;">"We travel together, passengers on a little spaceship, dependent upon its vulnerable reserves of air and soil, all committed for our safety to its security and peace; preserved from annihilation only by the care, the work, and, I will say, the love we give our fragile craft. We cannot maintain it half fortunate, half miserable, half confident, half despairing, half slave to the ancient enemies of man, half free in a liberation of resources undreamed of until this day. No craft, no crew can travel safely with such vast contradictions. On their resolution depends the survival of us all."</span><br style="font-size: 13px;" /><br style="font-size: 13px;" /><span style="font-size: 13px; font-style: italic;">ADLAI STEVENSON</span><span style="font-size: 13px;">, 1964</span></span><br />
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Jeff Weffersonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16055962946869392042noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-30418363.post-47668409602394781632017-10-10T14:23:00.003-07:002019-06-02T04:03:32.837-07:00ELON 'GENERAL ELECTRIC' MUSK BUYS ENTIRE U.S. MILITARY, DECLARES WAR ON 'CLIMATE CHANGE': "WE ARE GOING TO KILL IT DEAD!"<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-fKJ88AE4VUY/WefoKoz87KI/AAAAAAAAKJE/V5WTNOkeFec8WS9E6PbwZfre3Fvx5BQowCLcBGAs/s1600/musk%2Bal-gore-hockey-stick.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="300" data-original-width="600" height="200" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-fKJ88AE4VUY/WefoKoz87KI/AAAAAAAAKJE/V5WTNOkeFec8WS9E6PbwZfre3Fvx5BQowCLcBGAs/s400/musk%2Bal-gore-hockey-stick.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">SOON EARTH WILL BE INFINITELY HOT...</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">and if you question Al Gore and his hockey stick...</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">YOU ARE AN UNPATRIOTIC WANKER!</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">"Glory...glory hallelujah...Climate Change we're gonna do ya...</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">We'll kick you in your teeth and knock you on your sorry ass...</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">'Cause you love carbon dioxide gas."</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><i>Team Musk battle-anthem</i></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><i>NOTE FROM JEFF:</i> I want to make sure that people reading this realize that it's A BIT OF SATIRE...not 'fake news', not an attack, not even 'open criticism'...I'm just having a bit of fun, exercising my rusty comedy science-fiction writing skills; shedding some light on real issues of the day like the bloated military juggernaut; the questionable nature of the whole 'climate change' thing and how, in reality, no one seems to know if it is, for example, a cause or an effect, and if either, of or from what, as well as how it really does seem to be treated just like a nebulous lurking bogey monster with a mind of its own; and good-natured poking at someone who I'm sure has the best interests of his fellow life forms and home planet at heart. Maybe that's why he wants to go and live on Mars. What actually inspired this was the numerous posts on social media on how 'Elon Musk is making his biggest investment ever...$700 million to help people to become financially independent' or something like that. Read, enjoy...and ponder what I'm actually saying. Remember..."CC don't surf." Just in: James Cameron (his new 'cc'-inspired film, <i>Climatar</i>; Arnold Schwarznegger (<i>The Acclimatator, </i>or<i> How I Got Used to Unreality</i>) and Clint Eastwood (<i>The Good, The Bad, and Climate Change</i>) are joining the 'CC team', and Musk has been officially promoted: he's now known as <i>General Electric</i>. See you in orbit...beneath the Van Allen belts :)</span></b></div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/--vvg1muWRB0/WeBe3F-Wb9I/AAAAAAAAKFM/bh2jpTBoxD0D-98KA1-Z4_Dfu23HNsylwCLcBGAs/s1600/cortex%2B87924dd9a1d3dda846e7646952b2338d.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1125" data-original-width="1500" height="300" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/--vvg1muWRB0/WeBe3F-Wb9I/AAAAAAAAKFM/bh2jpTBoxD0D-98KA1-Z4_Dfu23HNsylwCLcBGAs/s400/cortex%2B87924dd9a1d3dda846e7646952b2338d.png" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: #6fa8dc; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>THE MOST ADVANCED WEAPONS SYSTEM IN USE</b></span></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"><b><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-size: x-small;">"We are blinded by the delusions that rise from our hollow and rotting social order. </span><span style="color: #e06666;">It is vain pomposity to believe that humanity can advance while the earth and its native peoples, plants and animals are enslaved, desecrated and destroyed. The dream of human origins and destiny as an evolution from monkeys swinging in trees to men in space suits lumbering off to other planets is an adolescent dream of uninitiated men drunk on the power of the cerebral cortex.</span><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-size: x-small;"> Unfortunately, the men who maintain this dream are the ones who hold economic, military and political power today. Whether it be by socio-political revolution, economic disaster, or environmental catastrophes, the overturning of this power is the only hope for the earth. The change must occur while there is still time to nurture the seed and to prepare ourselves inwardly for the dream of regeneration."</span></b></span></div>
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<span style="color: #ffd966; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>Robert Lawlor, <u>Voices of the First Day: Awakening in the Aboriginal Dreamtime,</u> p. 137-138</b></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14.0pt;"><b><span style="color: #cfe2f3;">“Open
criticism is the lifeblood of progress both in science and culture at large.”</span> <a href="https://earthpulse.com/"><span style="color: #9fc5e8;">Dr. Nick Begich</span><o:p></o:p></a></b></span></div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-p1cnwlnSuLs/Wd52YoxSXHI/AAAAAAAAKDc/-riq9q0Ri9UJBl5Vck5jJTuvtsPgll72ACLcBGAs/s1600/Elon_Musk_2015.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1484" data-original-width="1011" height="400" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-p1cnwlnSuLs/Wd52YoxSXHI/AAAAAAAAKDc/-riq9q0Ri9UJBl5Vck5jJTuvtsPgll72ACLcBGAs/s400/Elon_Musk_2015.jpg" width="270" /></a></div>
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<b style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;">SOUTH AFRICAN ENTREPRENEUR ELON 'GENERAL ELECTRIC' MUSK</b><br />
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-HtFt-Lgp43c/Wd1U4IqQ1jI/AAAAAAAAKDM/7Yr28GUaQz0QrRxIPkN5OkYYkOXUqPKCQCLcBGAs/s1600/nuclear%2Bmissile.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="201" data-original-width="251" height="320" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-HtFt-Lgp43c/Wd1U4IqQ1jI/AAAAAAAAKDM/7Yr28GUaQz0QrRxIPkN5OkYYkOXUqPKCQCLcBGAs/s400/nuclear%2Bmissile.jpeg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<b style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;">NUCLEAR ARSENAL TO BE DEPLOYED AGAINST EVIL 'CC'</b></div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-4QXqEbNsA3o/Wd05K9e8fvI/AAAAAAAAKC4/ajp5DTebvnEc-Qz9ZM2d10xiuI1k63VfACLcBGAs/s1600/vla_panorama_med.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;"><img border="0" data-original-height="447" data-original-width="1280" height="137" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-4QXqEbNsA3o/Wd05K9e8fvI/AAAAAAAAKC4/ajp5DTebvnEc-Qz9ZM2d10xiuI1k63VfACLcBGAs/s400/vla_panorama_med.jpg" width="400" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;"> <span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>Very Large Array, New Mexico</b></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-2tBxzPQeejw/Wd05N51T-8I/AAAAAAAAKC8/Fw0V06sREBk-Vt_jkG1YAoNZjRFaYAY_wCLcBGAs/s1600/arecibo%2B111758-004-ADA44259.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;"><img border="0" data-original-height="436" data-original-width="550" height="316" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-2tBxzPQeejw/Wd05N51T-8I/AAAAAAAAKC8/Fw0V06sREBk-Vt_jkG1YAoNZjRFaYAY_wCLcBGAs/s400/arecibo%2B111758-004-ADA44259.jpg" width="400" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="color: white; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b style="background-color: black;">Arecibo, Puerto Rico</b></span></div>
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<span style="color: white; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.32px;"><b style="background-color: black;">ELON MUSK BUYS ENTIRE U.S. MILITARY FOR UNPRECEDENTED $700 TRILLION USD</b></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 19.32px;">South-African/Canadian Entrepreneur Elon Musk shocked the world last week...using both direct and alternating currents...with his purchase of the entire U.S. military, for an unprecedented cash outlay of $700 Trillion usd. "I had to break into my piggy bank for this one, but what the heck...it's for a good cause", Musk replied when asked if this move would affect him financially. This deal, brokered by Goldman-Sachs, significantly shifts the balance of global economic and geo-political power. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 19.32px;">In this transaction Musk has gained ownership of</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 19.32px;">1) 10,234 nuclear missiles</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 19.32px;">2) 874 battleships, destroyers and aircraft carriers</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 19.32px;">3) 278 nuclear submarines</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 19.32px;">4) 423 satellites</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 19.32px;">5) 290 high-powered microwave transmitters</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 19.32px;">6) 78,944 DEW's (directed energy weapons)</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 19.32px;">7) 776,930,544 drones</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 19.32px;">8) 27,885 fighter planes and bombers</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 19.32px;">9) 872,775 tanks</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 19.32px;">10) 10,467,288 personnel in the 'big four' armed services</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 19.32px;">11) 17,556,833 bureaucratic functionaries</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 19.32px;">12) 234,445 military intelligence personnel</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 19.32px;">13) 88,334,678 assorted guns</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 19.32px;">14) 2,234,456,787,002 rounds of ammunition</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 19.32px;">15) 946 official and 3,344 unofficial military bases in over 200 countries</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 19.32px;">16) 87,009,655 drums of nerve gas</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 19.32px;">17) 234,556,812 flame throwers</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 19.32px;">18) 665,778,933 grenades</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 19.32px;">19) 543,981,245 land and sea mines</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 19.32px;">20) 776,901,664 cannisters of germ warfare brew</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 19.32px;">21) 778,990 $3000 screw-drivers</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 19.32px;">22) the science and engineering departments of every major college and university</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 19.32px;">23) controlling stock in most major corporations and banks</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 19.32px;">24) the Pentagon</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 19.32px;">25) Hollywood</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 19.32px;">26) the CIA, NSA, NGA and other assorted TAO's</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 19.32px;">28) 887,993,566 remotely-controlled dolphins, donkeys, snakes, spiders, ticks and amoebas</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 19.32px;">29) the 'next generation' of administration secretly installed since 9/11</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 19.32px;">30) thousands of 'top secret', 'classified' and 'black budget' projects (some of which Musk has already been involved in, like the reverse engineering of interstellar space-craft)</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 19.32px;">(source: CIA's <u>Fun Facts to Know and Tell 2017</u>)</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 19.32px;">Musk is quoted as saying "I'm confident that I got a really good deal, all in all...even I was a little surprised by what all was included in the package. It even has a money-back guarantee. If I'm not happy with its performance I can return it within 60 days, no questions asked, as long as nothing is damaged or has scratches." </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 19.32px;">When asked about the 112,334,445,755,866,644,433,888,976,002.01 barrels of oil that are included with the purchase...enough to power the entire U.S. military machine for several hundred years and worth $700 trillion usd alone...Musk replied, "That'll do for now, but once the war's over, we won't be needing all those hydro-carbons..."</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 19.32px;">War? What war?</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 19.32px;">"You might be wondering what I'm going to do with the world's most powerful military under my direct control. You guessed it...WE'RE GOING TO WAR ON 'CLIMATE CHANGE, which is clearly the biggest enemy humanity has ever faced, other than alien invaders from a dying planet. </span><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 19.32px;">No more pussy-footing, enough is enough. We are going to hit climate change right in its sorry ass and blow it to smithereens. We are going to blast it with everything we've got. We are going to kick it's ass AND in its nuts. We are going to rip 'at turkey's face clean off. We are going to KILL IT DEAD. Go ahead, CC...make my day. If CC thinks it can get away with any more F5 hurricanes on custom trajectories, terrible floods, heat waves that wont' let up or other extreme weather...well, it's got another thing coming. If all else fails, we are going to call up King Kong and get him to open up a can of kakkalaky whoop-ass on this mother. </span><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 19.32px;">By the way, CC don't surf.</span><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 19.32px;">"</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 19.32px;">We asked Musk if he was concerned about the ecological foot-print and environmental damage that the U.S. military is responsible for, being by far the greatest polluter on the planet.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 19.32px;">"If the war goes according to plan, none of this is going to matter. I may as well spill the beans. See, our strategy is straightforward: NO CLIMATE = NO CLIMATE CHANGE. We are going to decapitate climate change by getting rid of the Earth's atmosphere, because with no atmosphere climate change will have no theatre of engagement, no platform from which to attack. What could make more sense? Those millions of drums of radio-active waste, discarded munitions, derelict artillery, sunken ships and subs, all that lead and DU lying around...all that will magically shoot off into space never to be seen or heard from again. Smooth, eh?"</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 19.32px;">When queried about the possible consequences to life on Earth from the destruction of the atmosphere, Musk retorted, "Collateral damage, that's all I can say. Sad but true, this is something that the military has had to live with for decades, especially since the advent of weapons of mass destruction. The Pentagon's top brass have all shared heart-felt grief and admit to having trouble sleeping at night...but...hey, war is war.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 19.32px;">We wondered if the sudden change of command of the world's most powerful military, believed by many to be the greatest peace-keeping and environmental stewardship force ever to exist, might create a window of opportunity for evil dictators to have a go at Uncle Sam. 'No way. At this point, the government of every other country in the whole wide world has pledged allegiance to our cause...even North Korea...</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 19.32px;">All options are on the table, by the way, including nuclear, which we believe has the greatest potential for a quick annihilation of Earth's entire atmosphere. Sure all larger life forms from all kingdoms will be killed straight away, but life in the ocean will be able to hang on a while longer, I mean those that don't need oxygen, like the cyanobacteria on the deep sea vents. They'll be fine, at least until the ocean evaporates into space. Which is where our command and control centre will be located."</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 19.32px;">We asked Musk about the widespread loss of human life, almost everyone including all military personnel themselves. "You see, war has never been pretty. It's a duty to God, country, and Climate Change, to put one's life on the line in the service of a higher calling. To protect life by destroying it has pretty much been the bottom line of the U.S. military all along. This is nothing new, merely the ultimate sacrifice writ large. Besides, we'll be fulfilling the dream of the eugenicist forefathers by finally accomplishing almost total depopulation, a goal they've been working to achieve all through the 20th century."</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 19.32px;">"Besides, me and my crew will be fine in orbit. We'll have plenty of attractive women to facilitate a gradual repopulation in our Mars colony, should we go with the option of retaining biological life, as opposed to the next generation of GMO life-forms that our friends at Monsanto have just come out with."</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 19.32px;">Musk's crew is reported to include such climate change heavy weights as NASA's James Hanson, Church of Climatology priest and Club of Rome member Al Gore, and trans-humanist visionary Ray Kurzweil who will be Director of HTLF (How To Live Forever) Research. Inside sources are saying that Dr. Strangelove himself might be there, as well as Nicola Tesla, who is believed to have been transported off-planet by the same aliens who gave him the idea for alternating current and who will not have aged a day due to traveling at near-light velocities since 1943.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 19.32px;">"See, our vision is first to eradicate the Earth's atmosphere and oceans, leaving only the lithosphere, which, much to its credit, is not susceptible to climate change. Then we will rebuild civilization from scratch using advanced geo-engineering techniques and terra-forming based on hydrogen bombs and 3D printers. And the new trans-human population will be laughing because the automobiles they will be driving won't need batteries. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 19.32px;">See, the greatest problem we will have solved by eliminating the Earth's atmosphere is the weakening of sunlight it is responsible for. With no atmosphere, the sunlight will be strong as and our fleet of trans-cars will need only solar panels. Of course, they will have really good heaters as well, since the nights will be close to minus 300 C with no atmosphere, but that's a minor complication. We've got all this stuff thought out pretty well, pretty scientific eh?"</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 19.32px;">When asked about climate change deniers and skeptics, Musk was adamant: "We have a stance of zero tolerance for those unpatriotic wankers. How dare they not believe. Our new Climate Protection Agency will be deploying the latest in Denier Denial technologies to take care of those clowns. And once they've been reprogrammed, they'll be stationed on the front lines and taught how to fire death rays and let off nuclear bombs."</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 19.32px;">We had time for one more question before Musk departed in his state of the art electric helicopter (which has solar electricity blue-toothed to it) to have a look at the 'Musk Purchase' as this deal is being referred to.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 19.32px;">We asked Mr. Musk where he came up with the idea of using the U.S. military to wage war on climate change by eliminating the Earth's atmosphere.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 19.32px;">"I'll let you in on a little secret. Remember that movie <i>Contact</i> that had Jodie Foster playing a radio astronomer who received a signal from out yonder? Vega as I remember. Well, not many people know that after that film Jodie went back to college and got a Ph.D. in radio astronomy. She's been working at not only Arecibo and the VLA, but also at my own private radio-telescope installation in the mountains above Kruger National Park. Guess what? A few years ago she received a series of highly sophisticated and deeply encrypted messages from somewhere out there which, after being decoded by my own personal bank of HAL, SAL and Cray super-duper computers, turned out to be...get this: not blueprints on how to build an inter-dimensional transport device like in <i>Contact</i>, but instructions, flow-charts and algorithms all expressed in perfect mathematical form on a new type of highly intelligent smart software previously unknown on this planet. We have successfully transcribed the codes and uploaded it into our computer bank, and now the system is telling us exactly what to do. It gave us the idea of battling climate change by eliminating the Earth's atmosphere, but that's only the beginning. Rather than rebuilding civilization along the lines of what we have now, only with GMO and 3D printed life-forms and structures, this 'intelligence', which we are calling 'TESLA'...<b>T</b>erminating <b>E</b>very <b>S</b>ingle <b>L</b>ife-form <b>A</b>lgorithm...is strongly recommending that we cover the entire surface of the Earth will solid-state electronic circuitry, creating a planet-wide super-duper computer network with a mind of its own which will then move the Earth...no longer to be called Earth but MUSK...<b>M</b>utated <b>U</b>nderstanding in <b>S</b>earch of <b>K</b>ryptonite...out of orbit to go in search of other entities like itself, in order to have a bit of company, kind of like a blind date. But this is another story...</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 19.32px;">"But now to the matter at hand: "GLORY GLORY HALLELUJAH...CLIMATE CHANGE WE'RE GONNA DO YA'..."</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 19.32px;">Thank you Elon Musk.</span><br />
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<span style="color: white; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: black; line-height: 19.32px;"><b>FOOTNOTE:</b> Musk stunned the world yet again, this time using next-generation solar-powered brain electrodes, with an historical acknowledgment that has left the public mind reeling in disbelief: when we congratulated him on his very 'American'-sounding battle anthem, 'Glory glory hallelujah...', Musk beamed, 'Well why not, as I, too, am American, being that Canada is part of North AMERICA. This is in fact the truth, although Canadians somehow insist that our country isn't part of America in the same way that they don't think fish is meat. Trust me on this, I know my geography. They don't call me a mad scientist for nothing, you know. It's time for Canadians, indeed, all citizens of the New World Or...I mean, the world, to rejoice in the fact that we're ALL AMERICANS IN THE WAR ON CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE SEARCH FOR KRYPTONITE."</span></span></div>
Jeff Weffersonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16055962946869392042noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-30418363.post-83853696240207852712017-05-15T04:58:00.000-07:002017-06-18T21:50:49.737-07:00IMMANUEL VELIKOVSKY: "1895 and 1950: The Time was Ripe for a Heresy" (ADDRESS TO PRINCETON GRADUATE SCHOOL, 1953)<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Ypn3VWMDVtM/WRl67tLHsgI/AAAAAAAAJvk/zrasxnVyI4Mby6mrXjxu9h5QDl4ICbZfgCLcB/s1600/Velikovsky_05.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="218" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Ypn3VWMDVtM/WRl67tLHsgI/AAAAAAAAJvk/zrasxnVyI4Mby6mrXjxu9h5QDl4ICbZfgCLcB/s320/Velikovsky_05.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>IMMANUEL VELIKOVSKY</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>HIS FIRST ICONOCLASTIC BOOK</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>GEO-HISTORY</b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>HISTORY OF 'CIVILIZATION'</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>THE HUMAN CONDITION</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>EVENTS OUR ANCESTORS WITNESSED</b></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">CHANGES OF KEY FOR 'THE MUSIC OF THE SPHERES'</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>SOURCE OF GRAVITATIONAL DISRUPTION</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>COMETS HAVE VISITED MOTHER EARTH OFTEN</b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><i>NOTE FROM JEFF:</i> Immanuel Velikovsky was to me not only one of the most brilliant minds of the 20th century but of all of modern history. A psychoanalyst by profession, who studied under Freud, he began to notice recurrent patterns in diverse cosmologies and mythologies; his quest for understanding the common themes led him into archaeology, geology and astronomy, and parallels the work of Carl Jung in that Velikovsky examined <i>archetypes of catastrophe</i>. Psychoanalysis, however, applied at the level of all of humanity, led him to some startling revelations. A true iconoclast, Velikovsky challenged the aeonically-entrenched dogmas of Newton and Darwin, bequeathing to us an immense and prophetic legacy based on true interdisciplinary inquiry whose message is more important now than ever.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><span class="s4">AN </span><span class="s3">ADDRESS </span><span class="s10">BEFORE </span><span class="s5">THE GRADUATE </span><span class="s11">COLLEGE </span><span class="s12">FORUM </span><span class="s13">OF </span><span class="s11">PRINCETON </span>UNIVERSITY <span class="s14">ON </span><span class="s15">OCTOBER </span><span class="s16">14, </span><span class="s3">1953</span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><i><span class="s17">"1895 </span><span class="s14">and </span><span class="s18">1950: </span><span class="s19">The </span><span class="s4">Time </span><span class="s12">was </span><span class="s20">Ripe </span><span class="s21">for </span><span class="s22">a </span><span class="s11">Heresy"</span></i></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span class="s23">ONE </span>HUNDRED <span class="s24">and </span><span class="s25">eighty </span><span class="s16">years </span><span class="s26">ago, </span><span class="s27">in </span><span class="s28">1773, </span><span class="s26">Pierre </span></span><span class="s29" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Simon de</span><span class="s30" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"> </span><span class="s31" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Laplace </span><span class="s32" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">(1749-1827), </span><span class="s33" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">then twenty-three </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">years </span><span class="s34" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">old, </span><span class="s28" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">stood before </span><span class="s26" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><i><span class="s29" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Academic </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">des </span></i><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><i>Sciences</i> </span><span class="s35" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">in </span><span class="s26" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Paris </span><span class="s24" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">and </span><span class="s21" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">read </span><span class="s28" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">a </span><span class="s31" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">paper </span><span class="s36" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">in </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">which </span><span class="s37" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">he </span><span class="s38" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">proved </span><span class="s39" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s40" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">stability </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span class="s39" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s41" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">solar </span><span class="s33" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">system: </span><span class="s42" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">all </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">deflections </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span class="s26" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the planets </span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">from </span><span class="s27" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">their </span><span class="s33" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">paths </span><span class="s26" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">are </span><span class="s21" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">only </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">periodic </span><span class="s27" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">oscillations </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">from </span><span class="s27" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">their </span><span class="s13" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">mean </span><span class="s39" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">courses; </span><span class="s24" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">and </span><span class="s39" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s40" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">celestial </span><span class="s43" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">mechanism </span><span class="s44" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">is </span><span class="s13" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">wound </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">up </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">to </span><span class="s37" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">go </span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">on </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">forever.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span class="s16">Laplace's </span><span class="s37">contemporary, </span><span class="s45">Jean </span><span class="s26">Baptiste </span><span class="s3">Lamarck </span><span class="s2">(1744- </span><span class="s45">1829), </span><span class="s40">set </span><span class="s28">out </span><span class="s27">to </span><span class="s37">demonstrate </span><span class="s34">in </span><span class="s26">a </span><span class="s34">series </span>of <span class="s2">works </span><span class="s41">that </span><span class="s36">this </span><span class="s25">earth </span><span class="s21">has </span>ever <span class="s37">been </span><span class="s38">an </span><span class="s24">abode </span><span class="s16">of </span>peaceful <span class="s39">evolution, </span><span class="s41">free </span><span class="s2">from </span><span class="s38">spasmodic </span><span class="s26">disturbances, </span><span class="s27">in </span><span class="s33">opposition </span><span class="s46">to </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s24">dominant </span><span class="s21">views </span><span class="s25">of </span><span class="s35">his </span><span class="s25">day.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span class="s32">These </span><span class="s26">ideas </span><span class="s25">of </span><span class="s22">harmony </span>or <span class="s40">stability </span><span class="s27">in </span><span class="s39">the </span><span class="s40">celestial </span><span class="s38">and </span><span class="s40">terrestrial </span><span class="s33">spheres </span><span class="s21">gained </span><span class="s24">ground </span><span class="s34">in </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s33">nineteenth </span><span class="s25">century </span><span class="s24">and </span><span class="s43">became </span><span class="s39">the </span><span class="s31">foundation </span><span class="s25">of </span><span class="s40">scientific </span>thought. In <span class="s38">1846 </span><span class="s26">Leverrier, </span><span class="s31">by </span><span class="s32">announcing </span><span class="s26">the existence </span><span class="s33">of </span><span class="s26">the planet </span><span class="s37">Neptune, </span><span class="s24">which </span><span class="s18">was </span><span class="s37">immediately </span><span class="s39">thereafter </span><span class="s28">discovered </span><span class="s34">in </span><span class="s39">the </span><span class="s25">part </span><span class="s26">of </span><span class="s39">the </span><span class="s21">sky </span><span class="s25">indicated </span><span class="s38">by </span><span class="s21">him, </span><span class="s38">proved </span><span class="s39">the gravitational </span><span class="s28">theory </span><span class="s25">of </span><span class="s17">Newton </span><span class="s24">and </span><span class="s39">the </span><span class="s16">orderly </span>universe of <span class="s37">Laplace </span><span class="s41">to </span><span class="s33">be </span><span class="s41">correct. </span><span class="s2">However, </span><span class="s27">in </span><span class="s39">the </span><span class="s29">same </span><span class="s46">year, </span><span class="s24">by </span><span class="s25">detecting the </span><span class="s18">anomaly </span><span class="s35">in </span><span class="s39">the </span>revolution <span class="s25">of </span><span class="s38">Mercury, </span><span class="s47">al</span><span class="s2">ways </span><span class="s37">accumulating </span><span class="s34">in </span><span class="s32">one </span><span class="s2">and </span><span class="s26">the </span><span class="s18">same </span><span class="s41">direction, </span><span class="s31">he </span><span class="s38">threw </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s42">first </span><span class="s37">doubt </span><span class="s18">on </span><span class="s39">the </span><span class="s36">infallibility </span>of <span class="s26">these </span><span class="s33">very </span><span class="s46">laws.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span class="s3">The </span><span class="s21">theory </span><span class="s26">of </span><span class="s16">uniformity, </span><span class="s46">as </span><span class="s31">understood </span><span class="s32">by </span><span class="s22">Lamarck </span><span class="s24">and Hutton </span><span class="s38">and </span><span class="s31">developed </span><span class="s24">by </span><span class="s41">Lyell, </span><span class="s29">became </span>the <span class="s25">cornerstone </span><span class="s16">of </span>the <span class="s24">Darwinian </span><span class="s25">theory, </span><span class="s24">and </span><span class="s29">Darwin </span><span class="s32">went </span><span class="s26">so </span><span class="s41">far </span><span class="s27">as to </span><span class="s28">say </span><span class="s41">that </span><span class="s18">anybody </span><span class="s15">who </span><span class="s18">was </span><span class="s38">unconvinced by </span><span class="s27">Lyell's </span><span class="s33">teaching </span><span class="s21">should </span><span class="s39">refrain </span><span class="s29">from </span><span class="s28">reading </span><span class="s39">the </span><span class="s33">Origin </span><span class="s16">of </span><span class="s33">Spe</span><span class="s48">cies. </span><span class="s3">The </span><i>principle <span class="s33">of </span><span class="s16">uniformity, </span><span class="s33">or </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s28">explanation </span><span class="s26">of </span><span class="s42">all </span><span class="s26">past </span><span class="s25">events </span><span class="s36">in </span>the <span class="s39">history </span><span class="s25">of </span><span class="s26">the </span><span class="s28">globe </span><span class="s34">in </span><span class="s45">terms </span><span class="s16">of </span><span class="s39">the </span><span class="s16">processes </span><span class="s35">in </span><span class="s25">action </span><span class="s34">in </span><span class="s37">our </span><span class="s5">own </span></i><span class="s41"><i>age</i>, </span><span class="s25">or </span>the <span class="s26">denial </span><span class="s25">of catastrophic </span><span class="s34">crises </span><span class="s35">in </span><span class="s26">the </span><span class="s34">past, </span><span class="s31">gave </span><span class="s43">Darwin </span><span class="s2">what </span><span class="s37">he </span><span class="s38">needed </span><span class="s32">most </span><span class="s41">for </span><span class="s34">his </span><span class="s25">idea </span><span class="s33">of </span><span class="s26">the </span><span class="s39">origin </span><span class="s25">of </span><span class="s41">species: </span><span class="s21">almost </span><span class="s28">unlimited </span><span class="s26">time. </span><span class="s28">In </span><span class="s21">order </span><span class="s46">that </span><span class="s29">from </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s39">struggle </span><span class="s25">for </span><span class="s40">exist</span><span class="s26">ence, </span><span class="s33">or competition, </span><span class="s11">new </span><span class="s32">forms </span>should <span class="s39">evolve, </span><span class="s18">and </span><span class="s26">that </span><span class="s32">an </span><span class="s31">animal </span><span class="s35">like </span><span class="s25">the spider </span><span class="s45">with </span><span class="s49">its </span><span class="s11">many </span><span class="s34">legs </span><span class="s18">and </span><span class="s5">human </span><span class="s33">beings </span><span class="s45">should </span><span class="s32">have </span><span class="s29">had </span><span class="s45">a </span><span class="s19">common </span><span class="s39">ancestor, </span>untold <span class="s31">eons </span><span class="s32">were </span><span class="s25">necessary. </span><span class="s20">By </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s24">end </span><span class="s16">of </span><span class="s25">the </span>nineteenth century <span class="s26">the </span><span class="s43">war </span><span class="s32">between </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s28">theory </span><span class="s25">of </span><span class="s33">evolution </span><span class="s18">and </span><span class="s33">the </span><span class="s28">theory </span><span class="s25">of creation in</span><span class="s46"> </span><span class="s40">six </span><span class="s26">days, </span><span class="s36">less </span><span class="s45">than </span><span class="s34">six </span><span class="s32">thousand </span><span class="s16">years </span>ago, <span class="s2">was </span><span class="s21">concluded, </span><span class="s45">with </span><span class="s25">victory </span><span class="s41">to </span><span class="s16">the </span><span class="s45">theory </span><span class="s28">of </span><span class="s39">evolution. </span><span class="s3">The </span><span class="s21">only </span><span class="s42">diffi</span><span class="s26">culty </span><span class="s50">left </span><span class="s33">was, in</span><span class="s41"> </span>the <span class="s32">view </span><span class="s25">of </span><span class="s13">Thomas </span><span class="s31">Huxley, </span><span class="s39">that </span><span class="s22">no </span><span class="s41">really </span><span class="s13">new </span><span class="s39">species </span><span class="s29">had </span><span class="s38">appeared </span><span class="s2">on </span><span class="s39">the </span><span class="s38">world </span><span class="s28">scene </span>since <span class="s25">the </span><span class="s40">scientific </span><span class="s33">observations </span><span class="s2">were </span><span class="s24">made, </span><span class="s33">not </span><span class="s37">even in</span><span class="s46"> </span><span class="s28">breed</span>ing <span class="s28">experiments. </span><span class="s20">The </span><span class="s25">geological </span><span class="s26">record, </span><span class="s31">however, </span><span class="s38">spoke </span><span class="s21">unequivocally </span><span class="s33">of </span><span class="s28">the </span><span class="s27">fact: </span><span class="s39">in </span><span class="s33">the </span><span class="s26">past </span><span class="s46">lived </span><span class="s37">animal </span><span class="s24">forms </span><span class="s46">that </span><span class="s32">do </span><span class="s21">not </span><span class="s40">live </span><span class="s24">any </span>longer, <span class="s2">and </span><span class="s16">of </span><span class="s39">the </span><span class="s37">forms </span><span class="s39">that </span><span class="s35">live </span><span class="s41">in </span><span class="s37">our </span><span class="s41">age, </span><span class="s5">many </span><span class="s24">were </span><span class="s31">not </span><span class="s33">present </span><span class="s27">in </span><span class="s39">the </span><span class="s26">geological </span><span class="s27">past.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span class="s16">Laplace's </span><span class="s21">theory </span>of <span class="s25">the </span><span class="s26">origin </span><span class="s25">of </span>the <span class="s46">solar </span><span class="s31">system </span><span class="s29">from </span><span class="s28">a </span><span class="s39">rotating </span><span class="s31">nebula </span><span class="s29">was </span><span class="s25">replaced, </span><span class="s24">by </span><span class="s39">the </span><span class="s32">end </span>of <span class="s25">the cen</span><span class="s27">tury, </span><span class="s21">with </span>a <span class="s21">theory </span><span class="s33">of </span><span class="s37">a </span><span class="s16">catastrophic </span><span class="s21">beginning </span><span class="s27">in </span><span class="s28">a </span>near-<span class="s27">collision </span><span class="s25">of the </span><span class="s37">sun </span><span class="s45">with another </span><span class="s48">star, </span><span class="s21">with </span><span class="s26">debris </span><span class="s38">forming </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s41">planets. </span><span class="s32">But </span><span class="s49">it </span><span class="s29">was </span><span class="s46">stressed </span><span class="s2">by </span><span class="s39">the </span><span class="s28">authors </span><span class="s25">of </span><span class="s40">this </span><span class="s11">new </span><span class="s21">theory </span><span class="s39">that </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s33">universe </span><span class="s30">is </span><span class="s39">orderly, </span><span class="s38">and </span><span class="s40">this </span><span class="s45">beginning </span><span class="s27">in </span><span class="s28">a </span><span class="s45">cataclysm </span><span class="s18">was </span><span class="s32">an </span><span class="s45">unusually </span><span class="s26">rare </span><span class="s45">occurrence </span><span class="s41">in </span><span class="s25">the cos</span><span class="s37">mos, </span><span class="s24">and </span><span class="s39">that </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s39">solar </span><span class="s37">system </span><span class="s51">is </span><span class="s37">governed </span><span class="s18">by </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s39">prin</span><span class="s27">ciple </span>of <span class="s50">stability, </span><span class="s41">as </span><span class="s31">annunciated </span><span class="s32">by </span><span class="s16">Laplace, </span><span class="s24">and </span><span class="s25">the </span>earth <span class="s24">by </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s38">law </span>of <span class="s33">uniformity, </span><span class="s18">and </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s21">animals </span><span class="s2">and </span><span class="s26">plants </span><span class="s24">by </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s32">law </span>of <span class="s33">evolution </span><span class="s37">through </span><span class="s46">continuity.</span></span></div>
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<span class="s46"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="p14" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span class="s48">It </span><span class="s37">appeared </span><span class="s35">that, </span><span class="s25">basic </span><span class="s39">principles </span><span class="s45">having </span><span class="s32">been </span><span class="s39">estab</span><span class="s34">lished, </span><span class="s25">science </span><span class="s29">had </span><span class="s21">before </span><span class="s44">it </span><span class="s21">only </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s22">work </span>of <span class="s21">refinement </span><span class="s27">in </span><span class="s28">observation </span><span class="s2">and </span><span class="s41">in </span><span class="s16">the addition </span>of <span class="s34">details </span><span class="s39">for </span><span class="s25">the per</span>fection <span class="s16">of </span><span class="s37">knowledge; </span><span class="s45">but </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s28">time </span><span class="s25">of </span><span class="s39">basic </span>discoveries <span class="s29">was </span><span class="s46">over.</span></span></div>
<div class="p14" style="text-align: center;">
<span class="s46"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="p12" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span class="s45">This </span><span class="s18">was </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s45">outlook </span><span class="s46">in </span><span class="s28">1895. </span><span class="s16">In April of </span><span class="s46">that </span><span class="s21">year </span><span class="s26">Fridtjof </span><span class="s32">Nansen, </span><span class="s41">in </span><span class="s2">an </span><span class="s45">attempt </span><span class="s34">to </span><span class="s16">discover </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s29">North </span><span class="s39">Pole, </span><span class="s31">reached </span><span class="s16">a </span><span class="s33">point </span><span class="s36">less </span><span class="s31">than </span><span class="s28">four degrees </span><span class="s29">from </span><span class="s52">it. </span><span class="s13">The </span><span class="s40">scientific </span><span class="s38">world </span><span class="s37">looked </span><span class="s22">upon </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s33">discovery </span><span class="s25">of the </span><span class="s29">North </span><span class="s21">Pole </span><span class="s41">as </span><span class="s26">the </span><span class="s2">most </span><span class="s45">coveted </span><span class="s33">goal </span><span class="s44">still </span><span class="s48">left </span><span class="s41">to </span><span class="s31">be </span><span class="s25">attained </span><span class="s18">by </span><span class="s41">science.</span></span></div>
<div class="p12" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span class="s41" style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="p13" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span class="s24">But </span><span class="s21">before </span><span class="s32">Nansen, </span><span class="s41">drifting </span><span class="s18">from </span><span class="s41">latitude </span><span class="s38">86 </span><span class="s39">14', </span><span class="s31">reached </span><span class="s34">his </span><span class="s5">home </span><span class="s46">in </span><span class="s43">Norway, </span><span class="s26">the </span>scene <span class="s45">changed. </span><span class="s20">Konrad </span><span class="s2">Roentgen </span><span class="s16">of </span><span class="s31">Wurzberg </span><span class="s28">discovered </span><span class="s39">the </span><span class="s26">x-rays </span><span class="s33">or </span><span class="s37">cathode </span><span class="s16">rays </span><span class="s46">that </span><span class="s16">pass </span><span class="s38">through </span><span class="s18">opaque </span><span class="s39">bodies. </span>In <span class="s39">the </span><span class="s43">same </span><span class="s21">year </span><span class="s16">of </span><span class="s32">1895 </span>twenty-year-old <span class="s38">Marconi, </span><span class="s32">working </span><span class="s34">at </span><span class="s33">the </span><span class="s15">home </span><span class="s16">of </span><span class="s34">his </span><span class="s26">father </span><span class="s45">near </span><span class="s31">Bologna, </span><span class="s11">made </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s53">first </span><span class="s25">successful ex</span><span class="s31">periment </span><span class="s21">with </span><span class="s26">wireless </span><span class="s25">transmission. </span><span class="s24">That </span><span class="s46">year, </span><span class="s27">too, </span><span class="s46">Sig</span><span class="s14">mund </span><span class="s24">Freud </span>published <span class="s35">his </span><span class="s53">first </span><span class="s31">paper </span><span class="s25">(together </span><span class="s33">with </span><span class="s31">Joseph </span>Breuer), <span class="s24">which </span><span class="s41">led to </span><span class="s26">a </span><span class="s17">new </span><span class="s45">understanding </span><span class="s25">of </span><span class="s26">the </span><span class="s31">realm </span><span class="s17">known </span><span class="s27">as </span><span class="s39">the </span><span class="s33">subconscious; </span><span class="s38">and </span><span class="s40">at </span><span class="s26">the </span><span class="s18">same </span><span class="s21">time </span><span class="s31">Pavlov </span><span class="s20">made </span><span class="s34">his </span><span class="s16">contribution </span><span class="s27">to </span><span class="s39">the </span><span class="s31">psychology </span><span class="s26">of </span><span class="s39">the </span><span class="s35">reflexes.</span></span></div>
<div class="p13" style="text-align: center;">
<span class="s35"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="p8" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span class="s3">The </span>next <span class="s46">year, </span><span class="s24">and </span><span class="s44">still </span><span class="s33">before </span><span class="s43">Nansen </span><span class="s32">had </span><span class="s21">landed </span><span class="s32">on </span><span class="s39">the </span><span class="s18">Norwegian </span><span class="s27">coast, </span><span class="s38">Henri </span>Becquerel, <span class="s38">working </span><span class="s32">on </span><span class="s26">ura</span><span class="s37">nium, </span><span class="s33">discovered </span><span class="s46">the </span><span class="s3">phenomenon </span>of <span class="s27">radioactivity. </span><span class="s55">Two </span><span class="s25">years </span><span class="s35">later </span><span class="s21">he </span><span class="s2">was </span><span class="s28">followed </span><span class="s32">by </span><span class="s26">the </span><span class="s39">Curies, </span><span class="s10">who </span><span class="s33">discovered </span><span class="s45">radium. </span><span class="s26">In </span><span class="s37">1897 </span><span class="s49">J. J. </span><span class="s13">Thomson </span><span class="s2">announced </span><span class="s46">that </span><span class="s26">the </span><span class="s18">atom </span><span class="s49">is </span><span class="s35">divisible </span><span class="s32">and </span><span class="s51">is </span><span class="s46">actually </span><span class="s27">a </span><span class="s37">microcosm, </span><span class="s38">and </span><span class="s31">he </span><span class="s18">was </span><span class="s50">fol</span><span class="s32">lowed by </span><span class="s28">Rutherford. </span><span class="s25">In </span><span class="s32">1900 </span><span class="s37">Planck </span><span class="s33">presented </span><span class="s39">the </span><span class="s28">theory </span>of <span class="s16">quanta, </span><span class="s25">or </span><span class="s26">energies </span><span class="s33">dispatched </span><span class="s34">in </span><span class="s21">bundles </span>or <span class="s34">shots, </span><span class="s32">and </span>not <span class="s36">in </span><span class="s46">a </span><span class="s45">continuous </span><span class="s25">stream. </span><span class="s14">And </span><span class="s35">in </span><span class="s26">the </span><span class="s48">field </span><span class="s25">of </span><span class="s39">the </span><span class="s41">origin </span><span class="s26">of </span><span class="s34">species, in </span><span class="s33">1900, </span><span class="s11">Van </span><span class="s16">Vries </span><span class="s24">announced </span><span class="s45">mutations </span><span class="s50">in </span><span class="s34">plants, </span><span class="s21">observed </span><span class="s41">for </span><span class="s39">the </span><span class="s30">first </span><span class="s26">time: </span><span class="s27">a </span>process <span class="s25">of </span><span class="s31">spontaneous </span><span class="s45">changes </span><span class="s27">in living </span><span class="s33">nature </span><span class="s31">fundamentally </span><span class="s34">different </span><span class="s32">from </span><span class="s39">the </span>process <span class="s25">of </span><span class="s16">evolution </span><span class="s31">through </span><span class="s25">continu</span><span class="s47">ity </span><span class="s34">as </span><span class="s25">postulated </span><span class="s31">by </span><span class="s37">Darwin.</span></span></div>
<div class="p8" style="text-align: center;">
<span class="s37"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="p15" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span class="s29">Thus </span><span class="s40">in </span><span class="s46">a </span><span class="s38">few </span><span class="s41">years, </span><span class="s40">in </span><span class="s26">a </span><span class="s25">spectacular </span><span class="s35">series </span><span class="s25">of </span><span class="s36">dis</span><span class="s41">coveries, </span><span class="s46">the </span><span class="s27">entire </span>world <span class="s28">matter </span><span class="s38">and </span><span class="s45">energy </span><span class="s32">and </span><span class="s34">living </span><span class="s46">species </span><span class="s32">and </span><span class="s39">the </span><span class="s10">human </span><span class="s26">soul </span><span class="s32">opened </span><span class="s17">new </span><span class="s33">horizons </span><span class="s24">and </span><span class="s33">everything </span><span class="s31">appeared </span><span class="s27">to </span><span class="s33">be </span><span class="s34">in </span><span class="s39">incessant </span><span class="s46">vibration, </span><span class="s40">collisions, </span><span class="s32">and </span><span class="s33">transformation: </span><span class="s39">the </span><span class="s2">macrocosm, </span><span class="s46">the </span><span class="s38">microcosm, </span><span class="s24">and </span><span class="s45">even </span><span class="s26">the </span><span class="s46">subtle </span>world <span class="s26">of </span><span class="s39">the </span>mind, <span class="s30">all </span><span class="s36">alike.</span></span></div>
<div class="p15" style="text-align: center;">
<span class="s36"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="p14" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span class="s14">And </span><span class="s40">in </span><span class="s37">1905 </span><span class="s33">Albert </span><span class="s46">Einstein, </span><span class="s16">then </span><span class="s25">twenty-six </span><span class="s16">years </span><span class="s35">old, </span><span class="s46">offered </span><span class="s35">his </span><span class="s45">understanding </span>of <span class="s39">the </span><span class="s26">physical </span><span class="s33">world, </span><span class="s37">an </span><span class="s45">understanding </span><span class="s41">that </span><span class="s16">required </span><span class="s46">a </span><span class="s20">new </span><span class="s45">mental </span><span class="s21">approach, </span><span class="s41">as </span><span class="s16">a </span><span class="s39">testimonial </span><span class="s41">that </span><span class="s39">the </span><span class="s33">age of </span><span class="s26">basic </span><span class="s39">discoveries </span><span class="s2">had </span><span class="s33">not </span><span class="s32">ended </span><span class="s28">with </span><span class="s39">the </span>victory <span class="s25">of </span><span class="s29">Darwin </span><span class="s21">over </span>the <span class="s3">Book </span>of <span class="s25">Genesis.</span></span></div>
<div class="p14" style="text-align: center;">
<span class="s25"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="p14" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span class="s16">Since </span><span class="s33">then </span><span class="s21">another </span><span class="s56">fifty </span><span class="s16">years </span><span class="s37">have </span><span class="s25">passed. </span><span class="s22">Once </span><span class="s31">more, </span><span class="s27">as </span><span class="s33">before </span><span class="s46">the </span><span class="s38">end </span>of <span class="s39">the </span><span class="s33">nineteenth </span><span class="s26">century, </span><span class="s20">we </span><span class="s39">are </span><span class="s41">told that </span>the <span class="s31">fundamentals </span><span class="s39">are </span><span class="s53">all </span><span class="s18">known; </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s28">age </span><span class="s25">of </span><span class="s39">basic </span><span class="s36">dis</span><span class="s26">coveries </span><span class="s57">is </span><span class="s34">definitely </span><span class="s16">terminated, </span><span class="s36">this </span><span class="s21">time </span><span class="s41">for </span><span class="s34">certain; </span><span class="s38">and </span><span class="s16">present </span><span class="s32">and </span><span class="s26">future </span><span class="s16">generations </span><span class="s35">will </span><span class="s37">have </span><span class="s34">to </span><span class="s35">satisfy </span><span class="s37">them</span><span class="s27">selves </span><span class="s33">with </span><span class="s26">detecting </span><span class="s36">details, </span><span class="s31">accumulating </span><span class="s41">data, </span><span class="s24">and </span><span class="s28">add</span>ing <span class="s25">decimals. </span><span class="s5">And </span><span class="s38">though </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s46">exciting </span><span class="s37">decade </span><span class="s25">of </span><span class="s38">1895 </span></span><span class="s27" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">to </span><span class="s38" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">1905 </span><span class="s45" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">threw </span><span class="s35" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">light </span><span class="s24" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">on </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">processes </span><span class="s34" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">in </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">matter, </span><span class="s30" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">life, </span><span class="s38" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">and </span><span class="s34" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">soul, </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">processes </span><span class="s41" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">that </span><span class="s26" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">are </span><span class="s46" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">certainly </span><span class="s21" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">not </span><span class="s34" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">inert </span><span class="s32" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">and </span><span class="s39" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">are </span><span class="s29" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">marked </span><span class="s32" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">by </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">spontaneity </span><span class="s32" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">and </span><span class="s40" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">conflict, </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">science </span><span class="s35" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">in </span><span class="s49" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">its </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">various </span><span class="s45" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">branches </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">adjusted </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s20" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">new </span><span class="s39" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">discoveries </span><span class="s24" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">and </span><span class="s39" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">ideas </span><span class="s27" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">to </span><span class="s26" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">framework </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the old </span><span class="s26" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">great </span><span class="s39" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">principle </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">reigning </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">equally </span><span class="s40" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">in </span><span class="s48" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">lifeless </span><span class="s24" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">and </span><span class="s27" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">living </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">nature: the </span><span class="s24" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">law </span><span class="s28" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span class="s20" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">harmony </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">and </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">unperturbed </span><span class="s40" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">stabil</span><span class="s56" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">ity. </span><span class="s3" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">The </span><span class="s21" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">time </span><span class="s29" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">was </span><span class="s39" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">ripe </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">for heresy.</span></span></div>
<div class="p8" style="text-align: center;">
<span class="s25"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="p8" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span class="s31">In </span><span class="s28">1950, a </span><span class="s31">book, </span><u><span class="s2">Worlds </span><span class="s40">in </span></u><span class="s27"><u>Collision</u>, </span><span class="s16">created </span><span class="s24">an </span><span class="s26">out-</span><span class="s25">burst </span><span class="s33">of </span><span class="s37">emotions </span><span class="s31">almost </span><span class="s37">unprecedented </span><span class="s34">in </span><span class="s41">science. </span><span class="s31">In </span>the <span class="s21">Preface </span><span class="s41">to </span>the <span class="s43">book </span><span class="s35">I </span><span class="s21">wrote: </span><span class="s13">"Harmony </span>or <span class="s35">stability </span><span class="s46">in </span>the <span class="s40">celestial </span><span class="s18">and </span><span class="s35">terrestrial </span><span class="s28">spheres </span><span class="s44">is </span><span class="s26">the </span>point of <span class="s21">depar</span><span class="s26">ture </span>of <span class="s25">the </span><span class="s28">present-day </span><span class="s31">concept </span>of <span class="s25">the </span><span class="s38">world </span><span class="s27">as </span><span class="s28">expressed </span><span class="s41">in </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s35">celestial </span><span class="s32">mechanics </span><span class="s33">of </span><span class="s17">Newton </span><span class="s24">and </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s21">theory </span><span class="s33">of evolution </span>of <span class="s32">Darwin. </span><span class="s35">If </span><span class="s25">these </span><span class="s2">two </span><span class="s14">men </span><span class="s25">of science </span>are <span class="s26">sacrosanct, </span><span class="s40">this </span><span class="s22">book </span><span class="s42">is </span><span class="s37">a </span>heresy."</span></div>
<div class="p8" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="p8" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><span class="s48">I </span><span class="s3">came </span><span class="s22">upon </span><span class="s33">the </span><span class="s28">idea </span><span class="s26">that </span><span class="s41">traditions </span><span class="s24">and </span><span class="s28">legends </span><span class="s29">and </span><span class="s18">memories </span><span class="s25">of </span><span class="s33">generic </span><span class="s26">origin </span><span class="s32">can </span><span class="s31">be </span><span class="s26">treated </span><span class="s41">in </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s43">same </span><span class="s11">way </span><span class="s27">in </span><span class="s2">which </span><span class="s11">we </span><span class="s27">treat </span><span class="s41">in </span><span class="s28">psychoanalysis </span><span class="s39">the early </span><span class="s18">memories </span><span class="s33">of </span><span class="s28">a </span><span class="s41">single </span><span class="s46">individual. </span><span class="s36">I </span><span class="s28">spent </span>ten <span class="s16">years </span><span class="s24">on </span><span class="s36">this </span><span class="s38">work. </span><span class="s48">I </span><span class="s2">found </span><span class="s39">that </span>the <span class="s41">collective </span><span class="s15">memory </span>of <span class="s22">humankind </span><span class="s32">spoke </span><span class="s33">of </span><span class="s45">a </span><span class="s34">series </span><span class="s25">of </span>global <span class="s33">catastrophes </span><span class="s46">that </span><span class="s45">occurred </span><span class="s46">in </span><span class="s41">historical </span></b><span class="s39"><b>times.</b> </span><span class="s56">I </span>believed <span class="s26">that </span><span class="s35">I </span><span class="s31">could </span><span class="s38">even </span><span class="s46">identify </span>the <span class="s16">exact </span><span class="s28">tunes </span><span class="s2">and </span><span class="s26">the </span><span class="s21">very </span><span class="s33">agents </span><span class="s28">of </span>the <span class="s25">great </span><span class="s45">upheavals </span>of the <span class="s3">more </span>recent <span class="s34">past. </span><span class="s17">The </span><span class="s28">conclusions </span><span class="s34">at </span><span class="s2">which </span><span class="s53">I </span><span class="s25">arrived </span><span class="s38">compelled </span><span class="s19">me </span><span class="s27">to </span><span class="s39">cross </span>the <span class="s46">frontiers </span><span class="s39">into </span><span class="s33">various </span><span class="s50">fields </span>of <span class="s25">science </span><span class="s58">- </span><span class="s28">archaeology, </span><span class="s33">geology, </span><span class="s18">and </span><span class="s31">astronomy. </span><span class="s17">The </span><span class="s41">result </span><span class="s43">was </span><span class="s45">a book, </span>a <span class="s32">prolegomenon. </span><span class="s45">In </span><span class="s53">its </span><span class="s45">concluding pages </span><span class="s48">I </span><span class="s21">con</span><span class="s38">ceded </span><span class="s39">that </span><span class="s20">more </span><span class="s32">problems were </span><span class="s39">raised </span><span class="s45">than </span><span class="s18">had </span><span class="s24">been </span><span class="s39">solved, </span><span class="s24">and </span><span class="s48">I </span><span class="s45">promised, </span><span class="s31">always </span><span class="s45">reckoning </span><span class="s21">with </span>the <span class="s46">limitations </span>of <span class="s25">the individual </span><span class="s39">scholar, </span><span class="s41">to </span><span class="s31">pursue </span><span class="s7">my </span><span class="s21">study </span><span class="s39">into </span><span class="s25">these </span><span class="s36">fields </span><span class="s41">too. </span><span class="s2">But </span><span class="s33">already </span><span class="s25">the implications </span>of the <span class="s41">fact </span>of <span class="s26">great </span><span class="s25">global </span><span class="s33">catastrophes </span><span class="s22">on </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s41">earth, </span><span class="s32">one </span><span class="s25">of </span><span class="s33">the </span><span class="s34">celes</span><span class="s42">tial </span><span class="s26">bodies, </span><span class="s39">in </span><span class="s45">a tune </span><span class="s33">so </span><span class="s39">recent, </span><span class="s18">had </span><span class="s45">caused </span><span class="s7">my </span><span class="s36">critics </span><span class="s39">to </span><span class="s40">assert, </span><span class="s41">in </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s2">words </span><span class="s28">of a </span><span class="s18">Harvard </span><span class="s21">astronomer, </span><span class="s39">that </span><span class="s21">here </span><span class="s29">was </span><span class="s26">the </span><span class="s24">"most </span><span class="s2">amazing example </span>of a <span class="s26">shattering </span><span class="s33">of </span><span class="s39">ac</span><span class="s45">cepted </span><span class="s21">concepts </span><span class="s29">on </span><span class="s16">record."</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span class="s45">In </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s28">heat </span>of the <span class="s21">debate </span><span class="s26">in </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s26">press the </span><span class="s43">book </span><span class="s29">was </span><span class="s28">pro</span><span class="s18">nounced </span><span class="s38">"one </span><span class="s33">of </span>the <span class="s18">most </span><span class="s27">significant </span><span class="s32">books </span>written <span class="s26">since </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s33">invention </span>of <span class="s39">printing," </span><span class="s29">and </span><span class="s41">also </span><span class="s25">"the </span><span class="s45">worst </span><span class="s22">book </span><span class="s26">since </span>the <span class="s33">invention of </span><span class="s29">movable </span><span class="s25">characters."</span></span></div>
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<span class="s25"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span class="s16">Believing </span><span class="s39">that </span><span class="s24">an </span><span class="s31">emotional </span><span class="s32">atmosphere </span><span class="s30">is </span><span class="s45">not </span><span class="s33">well </span><span class="s26">suited </span><span class="s41">to </span><span class="s34">fruitful </span><span class="s25">debate, </span><span class="s48">I </span><span class="s2">have </span><span class="s28">entered </span><span class="s21">only </span><span class="s33">infrequently </span><span class="s39">into </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s16">controversy. </span><span class="s48">I </span><span class="s24">have </span><span class="s11">made </span><span class="s25">short </span><span class="s39">factual </span><span class="s25">correc</span><span class="s46">tions </span><span class="s16">of </span><span class="s28">statements </span><span class="s29">by </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s2">Royal </span><span class="s18">Astronomer and </span><span class="s22">by </span><span class="s56">J. </span><span class="s26">B. </span><span class="s40">S. </span><span class="s18">Haldane </span><span class="s31">appearing </span><span class="s39">in </span><span class="s27">their </span><span class="s28">reviews </span><span class="s25">of </span><span class="s59">my </span><span class="s31">book, </span><span class="s18">and </span><span class="s56">I </span><span class="s26">participated </span><span class="s41">in </span><span class="s45">a debate </span><span class="s31">with </span><span class="s32">your </span><span class="s33">professor of </span><span class="s25">astron</span><span class="s2">omy, </span><span class="s49">J. </span><span class="s45">Q. </span><span class="s25">Stewart, </span><span class="s27">in </span><span class="s16">the </span><span class="s45">pages </span><span class="s25">of </span><span class="s45"><i>Harper's</i> </span><span class="s29">Magazine</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span class="s31">(June </span><span class="s45">1951). </span><span class="s48">I </span><span class="s38">appeared </span>before <span class="s25">the </span><span class="s29">American </span>Philosoph<span class="s50">ical </span><span class="s46">Society, </span><span class="s2">which </span><span class="s50">at </span><span class="s49">its </span><span class="s45">annual </span><span class="s31">meeting </span><span class="s41">in </span><span class="s16">April </span><span class="s38">1952 </span><span class="s33">held </span><span class="s16">a </span><span class="s29">symposium </span><span class="s2">on </span><span class="s22">"Some </span><span class="s37">Unorthodoxies </span><span class="s25">of </span><span class="s20">Modern </span><span class="s25">Science," </span><span class="s12">my </span><span class="s38">unorthodoxy </span><span class="s28">being </span><span class="s39">the </span><span class="s46">chief </span><span class="s39">subject </span><span class="s38">on </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s28">agenda. </span><span class="s31">Otherwise </span><span class="s53">I </span><span class="s37">have </span><span class="s33">kept </span><span class="s45">myself </span><span class="s33">out </span><span class="s16">of </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s16">verbal </span><span class="s36">conflict.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span class="s60">Now </span><span class="s22">more </span><span class="s21">than </span>three <span class="s38">and </span>a <span class="s39">half </span><span class="s25">years </span><span class="s38">have </span><span class="s28">passed </span><span class="s39">since </span>the <span class="s25">publication </span><span class="s16">of </span>the <span class="s45">book, </span><span class="s24">and </span><span class="s53">I </span><span class="s25">appreciate </span><span class="s39">the </span><span class="s28">opportunity </span><span class="s39">offered </span><span class="s55">me </span><span class="s32">by </span><span class="s37">your </span><span class="s41">invitation </span><span class="s46">to </span><span class="s25">present </span><span class="s16">a </span><span class="s25">dispassionate </span><span class="s21">review </span><span class="s25">of recent </span><span class="s27">finds </span><span class="s41">in </span><span class="s25">the </span>three <span class="s50">fields </span><span class="s13">named </span><span class="s27">in </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s53">title </span><span class="s16">of </span><span class="s12">my </span><span class="s39">address.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><i><span class="s11">Worlds </span><span class="s28">in </span><span class="s38">Collision </span><span class="s5">and </span><span class="s11">Recent </span><span class="s22">Finds </span><span class="s26">in </span><span class="s10">Archaeology</span></i></span></div>
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<span class="s10"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span class="s21">In </span><span class="s12">my </span><span class="s29">book </span><span class="s53">I </span><span class="s33">described </span><span class="s39">the great </span><span class="s26">natural </span><span class="s25">catastrophes </span>of <span class="s39">the </span><span class="s37">second </span><span class="s32">and </span><span class="s53">first </span>millennia <span class="s33">before </span><span class="s39">the </span><span class="s25">present </span><span class="s40">era. </span><span class="s38">Prominent </span><span class="s16">place </span><span class="s51">is </span><span class="s28">given </span><span class="s46">to </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s26">description </span><span class="s25">of </span><span class="s39">the </span>natu<span class="s40">ral </span><span class="s31">upheaval </span><span class="s41">that </span><span class="s45">occurred </span><span class="s50">in </span><span class="s39">the closing </span><span class="s31">hours </span><span class="s25">of the </span><span class="s24">Middle </span><span class="s13">Kingdom </span><span class="s34">in </span><span class="s21">Egypt. </span><span class="s49">I </span><span class="s21">synchronized </span><span class="s36">this </span><span class="s16">event </span><span class="s28">with </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s37">Exodus, </span><span class="s17">when </span><span class="s40">sea, </span><span class="s39">land, </span><span class="s24">and </span><span class="s21">sky </span><span class="s32">were </span><span class="s27">in </span>uproar. <span class="s20">The </span><span class="s41">collective </span><span class="s10">human memory </span><span class="s26">retained </span><span class="s45">an </span><span class="s25">inexhaustible </span><span class="s16">array </span>of <span class="s46">recollections </span><span class="s39">of the </span><span class="s28">time </span><span class="s3">when </span><span class="s26">the </span><span class="s37">world </span><span class="s18">was </span><span class="s34">in </span><span class="s28">con</span><span class="s27">flagration, </span><span class="s20">when </span><span class="s39">sea </span><span class="s28">engulfed </span><span class="s46">land, </span><span class="s26">earth </span><span class="s33">trembled, </span><span class="s34">celes</span><span class="s53">tial </span><span class="s33">bodies </span><span class="s32">were </span><span class="s16">disturbed </span><span class="s34">in their </span><span class="s28">motion, </span><span class="s2">and </span><span class="s16">meteorites </span><span class="s30">fell. </span><span class="s61">My </span><span class="s26">narrative </span><span class="s49">is </span><span class="s45">based </span><span class="s18">on </span><span class="s34">historical texts </span>of <span class="s11">many </span><span class="s28">peoples </span><span class="s32">around </span><span class="s46">the </span><span class="s39">globe, </span><span class="s24">on </span><span class="s35">classical </span><span class="s40">literature, </span><span class="s24">on </span><span class="s46">epics </span>of <span class="s21">northern </span><span class="s27">races, </span><span class="s18">on </span><span class="s33">sacred </span><span class="s32">books </span><span class="s26">of the </span><span class="s33">Orient </span><span class="s24">and </span><span class="s33">Occident, </span><span class="s24">on </span><span class="s41">traditions </span><span class="s24">and </span><span class="s39">folklore </span><span class="s25">of </span><span class="s26">primitive </span><span class="s39">peoples.</span></span></div>
<div class="p8" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span class="s39" style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="p8" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span class="s22">The </span><span class="s33">question </span><span class="s41">that </span><span class="s33">arose </span><span class="s45">was: </span><span class="s20">Where </span><span class="s62">is </span><span class="s26">the </span><span class="s33">archaeolog</span><span class="s40">ical </span><span class="s28">evidence? </span><span class="s25">In </span><span class="s35">later </span><span class="s33">chapters </span>of <span class="s63">my </span><span class="s18">book </span><span class="s51">I </span><span class="s21">gave </span><span class="s45">such </span><span class="s16">evidence: </span><span class="s31">water </span><span class="s25">clocks </span><span class="s24">and </span><span class="s26">sundials </span><span class="s41">that </span><span class="s43">show </span><span class="s26">a </span><span class="s27">different </span>length of <span class="s25">the </span><span class="s32">day </span>or <span class="s46">altered </span><span class="s34">latitudes; </span><span class="s38">change </span><span class="s27">in </span><span class="s39">the </span><span class="s40">ori</span><span class="s25">entation </span>of <span class="s25">ancient </span><span class="s21">temples </span><span class="s24">which </span><span class="s41">originally </span><span class="s28">faced </span><span class="s37">toward </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s27">east </span><span class="s28">but </span><span class="s24">do </span><span class="s26">so </span><span class="s2">no </span><span class="s39">longer. </span><span class="s53">I </span><span class="s41">also closely </span><span class="s32">examined </span><span class="s34">in </span><span class="s12">my </span><span class="s29">book </span><span class="s26">the </span><span class="s33">calendars </span>of <span class="s25">the </span><span class="s35">civilized </span><span class="s33">peoples </span><span class="s25">of an- </span><span class="s40">tiquity, </span><span class="s2">from </span><span class="s29">Mexico </span><span class="s24">and </span><span class="s38">Peru </span><span class="s46">to </span><span class="s21">Greece, </span><span class="s41">Iran, </span><span class="s50">Israel, </span><span class="s21">Egypt, </span><span class="s45">Babylon, </span><span class="s26">Assyria, </span><span class="s46">India, </span><span class="s24">and </span><span class="s21">China, </span><span class="s24">and </span><span class="s39">the </span><span class="s40">cal</span><span class="s37">endar </span><span class="s31">reforms </span><span class="s41">that </span><span class="s32">were </span><span class="s2">made. </span><span class="s25">All </span><span class="s50">this </span><span class="s25">material </span><span class="s45">gave </span></span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">strong </span><span class="s21" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">support </span><span class="s41" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">to </span><span class="s26" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s34" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">literary </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">evidence. </span><span class="s43" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Working </span><span class="s21" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">independently </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span class="s38" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">me, </span><span class="s33" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Professor </span><span class="s32" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Claude </span><span class="s39" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Schaeffer, </span><span class="s29" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">whose </span><span class="s34" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">earlier </span><span class="s33" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">excavations </span><span class="s40" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">at </span><span class="s24" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Ras </span><span class="s22" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Shamra </span><span class="s33" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">(Ugarit) </span><span class="s45" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">caused </span><span class="s27" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">a </span><span class="s37" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">complete </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">revolution </span><span class="s34" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">in biblical </span><span class="s41" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">exegesis, </span><span class="s28" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">published </span><span class="s46" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">a </span><span class="s37" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">volume, </span><i><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Stratigraphie </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">compares </span><span class="s50" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">et </span><span class="s28" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">chronolo</span><span class="s41" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">gie </span><span class="s45" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">de </span><span class="s34" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">I'Asie </span><span class="s32" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Occidental </span><span class="s48" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">(III* </span><span class="s29" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">and </span><span class="s47" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">//' </span></i><span class="s27" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><i>millenaires),</i> </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">printed </span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">by </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Oxford </span><span class="s28" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">University </span><span class="s46" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Press.<b>(1)</b> </span><span class="s21" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">In </span><span class="s36" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">this </span><span class="s28" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">very </span><span class="s39" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">detailed </span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">and </span><span class="s26" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">technical </span><span class="s37" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">work, </span><span class="s28" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">comprising, </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">together </span><span class="s21" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">with </span><span class="s34" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">tables, </span><span class="s45" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">almost </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">a </span><span class="s37" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">thousand </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">pages, </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Schaeffer </span><span class="s45" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">demonstrates </span><span class="s39" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">that </span><span class="s29" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">on </span><span class="s26" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">several occasions, </span><span class="s37" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">each </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">marking </span><span class="s33" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">end </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span class="s38" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">an </span><span class="s21" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">epoch, </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s46" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">entire </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">ancient </span><span class="s21" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">East </span><span class="s29" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">was </span><span class="s38" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">shaken </span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">and </span><span class="s26" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">devastated. </span><span class="s13" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Modern </span><span class="s28" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">annals </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span class="s45" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">seismology </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">know </span><span class="s45" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">nothing </span><span class="s32" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">comparable </span><span class="s27" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">in </span><span class="s46" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">severity </span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">and </span><span class="s41" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">extent. </span><span class="s20" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">The </span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">most </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">devastating </span><span class="s33" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span class="s26" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">these </span><span class="s45" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">upheavals </span><span class="s32" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">took </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">place </span><span class="s35" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">at </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">exactly </span><span class="s33" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">end </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of the </span><span class="s24" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Middle </span><span class="s13" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Kingdom </span><span class="s39" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">in </span><span class="s45" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Egypt* </span><span class="s28" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">causing </span><span class="s30" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">its </span><span class="s45" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">downfall </span><span class="s46" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">as </span><span class="s31" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">claimed </span><span class="s34" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">in </span><u><span class="s32" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Worlds </span><span class="s35" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">in </span></u><span class="s39" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><u>Collision</u> </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">and </span><u><span class="s29" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Ages </span><span class="s40" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">in </span></u><span class="s37" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><u>Chaos</u>.</span></span></div>
<div class="p8" style="text-align: center;">
<span class="s37" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="p15" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span class="s27">Cities </span><span class="s24">were </span><span class="s28">overturned; </span><span class="s45">epidemics </span><span class="s48">left </span><span class="s33">the </span><span class="s32">dead </span><span class="s39">piled </span><span class="s46">in </span><span class="s19">common </span><span class="s39">graves; </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s16">pursuit </span><span class="s33">of </span><span class="s35">arts </span><span class="s24">and </span><span class="s3">commerce </span><span class="s20">came </span><span class="s46">to </span><span class="s38">an </span><span class="s21">abrupt </span><span class="s33">end; </span><span class="s31">empires </span><span class="s28">ceased </span><span class="s46">to </span><span class="s50">exist; </span><span class="s27">strata </span><span class="s16">of </span><span class="s41">earth, </span><span class="s27">dust, </span><span class="s32">and </span><span class="s16">ashes </span><span class="s21">yards </span><span class="s25">thick </span><span class="s31">covered </span><span class="s26">the </span><span class="s21">ruined </span><span class="s47">cities. </span><span class="s21">In </span><span class="s5">many </span><span class="s25">places the </span><span class="s45">population </span><span class="s18">was </span><span class="s39">annihilated, </span><span class="s41">in </span><span class="s25">others </span><span class="s51">it </span><span class="s43">was </span><span class="s21">decimated; </span><span class="s34">settled </span><span class="s27">living </span><span class="s18">was </span><span class="s33">replaced </span><span class="s2">by </span><span class="s29">nomadic </span><span class="s41">existence. </span><span class="s31">Climate changed.</span></span></div>
<div class="p15" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span class="s31" style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="p12" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span class="s32">Claude </span><span class="s16">Schaeffer </span><span class="s45">analyzed </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s16">archaeological </span><span class="s41">finds </span><span class="s33">of </span><span class="s21">every </span><span class="s16">place </span><span class="s45">excavated </span><span class="s29">from </span><span class="s18">Troy </span><span class="s35">at </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s21">Dardanelles </span><span class="s45">over </span><span class="s42">all </span><span class="s45">Asia </span><span class="s38">Minor, </span><span class="s32">Armenia, </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s45">Caucasus, </span><span class="s41">Persia, </span><span class="s46">Syria, </span><span class="s45">Cyprus, </span><span class="s24">and </span><span class="s26">Palestine to </span><span class="s2">Egypt </span><span class="s46">in </span><span class="s26">Africa; </span><span class="s24">he summarizes </span><span class="s34">his </span><span class="s26">extensive </span><span class="s29">volume </span><span class="s26">thus:</span></span></div>
<div class="p12" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span class="s26" style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="p19" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span class="s43">"Our </span><span class="s33">inquiry </span><span class="s45">has </span><span class="s37">demonstrated </span><span class="s46">that </span><span class="s25">these </span><span class="s28">repeated </span><span class="s34">crises </span>which opened <span class="s29">and </span><span class="s16">closed </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s26">principal </span><span class="s33">periods </span><span class="s28">of </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s41">third </span><span class="s24">and </span><span class="s37">second </span><span class="s33">millennia </span><span class="s41">v/ere </span><span class="s21">not </span><span class="s31">caused </span><span class="s43">by </span><span class="s33">the </span><span class="s25">action </span><span class="s16">of </span><span class="s18">man. </span>Far <span class="s29">from </span><span class="s52">it, </span><span class="s31">because </span><span class="s29">compared </span><span class="s45">with </span><span class="s33">the </span><span class="s26">vastness </span><span class="s33">of </span><span class="s25">these </span><span class="s33">all-embracing </span><span class="s35">crises </span><span class="s24">and </span><span class="s27">their </span><span class="s32">profound </span><span class="s50">effects, </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s46">exploits </span><span class="s33">of </span><span class="s31">conquerors </span><span class="s64">.<span class="Apple-tab-span"> </span>.<span class="Apple-tab-span"> </span>.<span class="Apple-tab-span"> </span></span><span class="s29">would </span><span class="s37">appear </span><span class="s21">only </span><span class="s27">insignificant."</span></span></div>
<div class="p19" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span class="s27" style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="p8" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span class="s39">Schaeffer's </span><span class="s3">work </span><span class="s21">sheds </span><span class="s37">a </span><span class="s11">new </span><span class="s34">light </span><span class="s18">on </span><span class="s33">the </span><span class="s28">conclusions </span><span class="s34">at </span><span class="s2">which </span><span class="s27">Sir </span><span class="s32">Arthur </span><span class="s18">Evans </span><span class="s25">arrived </span><span class="s27">after </span><span class="s5">many </span><span class="s33">years </span><span class="s26">of </span><span class="s16">archaeological </span><span class="s3">work </span><span class="s29">on </span><span class="s16">Crete: </span>the <span class="s46">island </span><span class="s18">was </span><span class="s25">shattered </span><span class="s35">in </span><span class="s39">violent </span><span class="s16">catastrophes </span><span class="s39">that </span><span class="s32">were </span><span class="s2">accompanied </span><span class="s18">by </span><span class="s53">fire, </span><span class="s32">and </span><span class="s46">in </span><span class="s25">these </span><span class="s45">upheavals </span><span class="s33">the </span><span class="s46">cultural </span><span class="s18">and </span><span class="s34">political </span><span class="s33">ages </span>of <span class="s25">the </span></span><span class="s20" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Minoan </span><span class="s22" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">kingdom </span><span class="s24" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">went </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">down, </span><span class="s34" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">at </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">the </span><span class="s29" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">same </span><span class="s21" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">time </span><span class="s39" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">that </span><span class="s46" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">cor</span><span class="s31" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">responding </span><span class="s37" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Egyptian </span><span class="s33" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">ages </span><span class="s32" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">were </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">terminated. </span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Troy </span><span class="s36" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">III </span><span class="s29" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">was </span><span class="s28" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">destroyed </span><span class="s24" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">and </span><span class="s30" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">its </span><span class="s48" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">fifty </span><span class="s27" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">feet </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">thick </span><span class="s27" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">fortress </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">wall </span><span class="s56" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">fell </span><span class="s17" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">when </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">the </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Middle </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Kingdom </span><span class="s46" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">in </span><span class="s24" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Egypt </span><span class="s53" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">fell; </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">the </span><span class="s31" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">volcano </span><span class="s29" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">on </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">the </span><span class="s26" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">island </span><span class="s33" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">of </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Thera </span><span class="s37" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">exploded </span><span class="s45" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">with almost </span><span class="s31" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">unimaginable </span><span class="s46" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">fury; </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">recent archaeological </span><span class="s3" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">work </span><span class="s46" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">in </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">the </span><span class="s31" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Indus </span><span class="s21" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Valley </span><span class="s37" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">showed, </span><span class="s27" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">too, </span><span class="s46" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">that </span><span class="s37" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">about<span class="Apple-tab-span"> </span></span><span class="s28" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">1500, </span><span class="s24" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">and </span><span class="s41" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">in </span><span class="s38" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">advance </span><span class="s33" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">of </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">the </span><span class="s38" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Arian </span><span class="s36" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">in</span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">vasion, </span><span class="s50" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">cities </span><span class="s21" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">with </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">great </span><span class="s26" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">walls </span><span class="s32" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">were </span><span class="s28" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">destroyed </span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">and </span><span class="s37" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">a </span><span class="s39" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">flourishing </span><span class="s27" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">civilization </span><span class="s20" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">came </span><span class="s39" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">to </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">a </span><span class="s24" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">sudden </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">end.</span></div>
<div class="p14" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span class="s25" style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="p7" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span class="s20">The </span><span class="s28">synchronization </span>of <span class="s16">the </span><span class="s29">Exodus </span><span class="s21">with </span><span class="s26">the </span><span class="s32">end </span><span class="s16">of </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s2">Middle </span><span class="s11">Kingdom </span><span class="s29">was </span><span class="s46">also </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s27">starting </span><span class="s16">point </span>of <span class="s28">a </span>recon<span class="s39">struction </span>of <span class="s16">ancient </span><span class="s26">history </span><span class="s18">from </span><span class="s39">that </span><span class="s16">point </span><span class="s29">on </span><span class="s46">to </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s31">advent </span>of <span class="s32">Alexander </span><span class="s25">the </span>Great, <span class="s24">which </span><span class="s31">took </span><span class="s26">the </span><span class="s18">form </span>of <span class="s26">a </span><span class="s2">two-volume </span><span class="s37">work, </span><u><span class="s29">Ages </span><span class="s34">in </span></u><span class="s31"><u>Chaos</u>, </span><span class="s26">the </span><span class="s30">first </span><span class="s29">volume </span><span class="s16">of </span><span class="s2">which </span><span class="s18">was </span><span class="s28">published </span><span class="s46">in </span><span class="s16">the </span><span class="s25">spring </span><span class="s16">of 1952. </span><span class="s3">The </span><span class="s2">problem </span>of <span class="s33">the </span><span class="s45">time </span>of <span class="s25">the </span><span class="s43">Exodus </span><span class="s46">in </span><span class="s31">Egyptian </span><span class="s39">history </span><span class="s2">had </span><span class="s45">never </span><span class="s38">been </span><span class="s39">solved. </span>In <span class="s25">the </span><span class="s32">Papyrus </span><span class="s24">Ipuwer and </span><span class="s26">the </span><span class="s22">Naos </span>of <span class="s31">El </span></span><span class="s31" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Arish </span><span class="s48" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">I </span><span class="s32" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">found </span><span class="s26" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">descriptions </span><span class="s33" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span class="s28" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">a </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">natural </span><span class="s31" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">upheaval </span><span class="s21" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">very </span><span class="s27" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">similar, </span><span class="s38" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">sometimes </span><span class="s34" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">identical, </span><span class="s21" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">with </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s26" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">description in</span><span class="s27" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"> </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s17" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Book </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span class="s32" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Exodus: </span><span class="s33" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">following </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">plagues, </span><span class="s20" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">when </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s41" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">river </span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">was </span><span class="s33" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">blood-colored, </span><span class="s29" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">amid </span><span class="s45" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">a </span><span class="s28" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">hurricane </span><span class="s24" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">and </span><span class="s28" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">darkness </span><span class="s33" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span class="s21" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">seven </span><span class="s39" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">days' </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">duration, the </span><span class="s24" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">pharaoh </span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">and </span><span class="s34" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">his </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">host </span><span class="s24" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">were </span><span class="s29" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">drowned </span><span class="s41" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">in </span><span class="s28" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">a </span><span class="s21" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">whirlpool </span><span class="s35" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">at </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Pi-ha-Kiroth, </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s29" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">same </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">place </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">where </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">pharaoh </span><span class="s33" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s29" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Exodus </span><span class="s43" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">was </span><span class="s38" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">drowned. </span><span class="s32" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">These </span><span class="s27" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">parallels </span><span class="s38" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">compelled </span><span class="s55" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">me </span><span class="s46" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">to </span><span class="s50" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">fix </span><span class="s24" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">an unorthodox </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">date </span><span class="s39" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">for </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s38" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Exodus. </span></span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Collating the </span><span class="s27" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">historical texts </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">of </span><span class="s33" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">following </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">generations </span><span class="s26" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">for </span><span class="s28" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">twelve </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">hundred </span><span class="s46" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">years, </span><span class="s56" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">I </span><span class="s45" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">could </span><span class="s41" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">establish </span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">numerous </span><span class="s46" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">correla</span><span class="s41" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">tions </span><span class="s32" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">between </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">the </span><span class="s27" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">histories </span><span class="s28" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">of </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Egypt </span><span class="s32" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">and </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">of </span><span class="s34" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Israel </span><span class="s24" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">which </span><span class="s45" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">could </span><span class="s21" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">not </span><span class="s37" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">be </span><span class="s39" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">accidental; </span><span class="s7" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">my </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">reconstruction </span><span class="s31" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">demonstrated </span><span class="s39" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">that </span><span class="s37" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Egyptian </span><span class="s26" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">history </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">and </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">the </span><span class="s34" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">histories </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">of </span><span class="s26" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">the </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">nations </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">which </span><span class="s26" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">are </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">written </span><span class="s41" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">in </span><span class="s20" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">harmony </span><span class="s45" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">with </span><span class="s51" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">it </span><span class="s26" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">are </span><span class="s33" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">out of </span><span class="s40" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">line </span><span class="s21" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">with </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">the </span><span class="s27" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">historical </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">past </span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">by </span><span class="s37" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">about </span><span class="s34" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">six </span><span class="s46" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">to </span><span class="s28" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">seven </span><span class="s24" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">hundred </span><span class="s41" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">years.</span></div>
<div class="p8" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span class="s41" style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="p21" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span class="s29">Thus </span><span class="s37">both </span><span class="s7">my </span><span class="s2">works </span><span class="s32">have </span><span class="s27">their </span>starting <span class="s16">point </span><span class="s46">in </span><span class="s26">the </span></span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">recognition </span><span class="s39" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">that </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Middle </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Kingdom </span><span class="s27" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">in </span><span class="s24" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Egypt went </span><span class="s13" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">down </span><span class="s46" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">in </span><span class="s28" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">a </span><span class="s26" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">great </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">natural </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">catastrophe. </span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span class="s17" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span class="s17" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">The </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">recent </span><span class="s21" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">excavation </span><span class="s46" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">hi </span><span class="s33" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Jericho </span><span class="s21" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">has </span><span class="s31" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">confirmed </span><span class="s26" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s27" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">fact </span><span class="s39" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">that </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the great walls </span><span class="s28" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span class="s33" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s27" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">city </span><span class="s56" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">fell </span><span class="s45" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">a </span><span class="s24" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">few </span><span class="s45" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">decades </span><span class="s27" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">after </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s24" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">end </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of the </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Middle </span><span class="s43" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Kingdom. </span><span class="s32" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">But </span><span class="s34" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">at </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s28" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">time </span><span class="s27" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">in </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">which </span><span class="s21" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">conventional </span><span class="s37" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">chronology </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">places the </span><span class="s27" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">arrival </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span class="s39" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s35" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Israelites </span><span class="s32" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">under </span><span class="s38" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Joshua </span><span class="s46" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">in </span><span class="s32" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Canaan, </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">there </span><span class="s29" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">was </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">no </span><span class="s40" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">city </span><span class="s27" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">at </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Jericho </span><span class="s24" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">and </span><span class="s29" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">no </span><span class="s26" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">walls </span><span class="s46" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">to </span><span class="s53" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">fall. </span><span class="s24" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">According </span><span class="s26" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">to </span><span class="s29" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Ages </span><span class="s36" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">in </span><span class="s45" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Chaos, </span><span class="s29" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">how- </span><span class="s41" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">ever, </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s35" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Israelites </span><span class="s20" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">came </span><span class="s46" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">to </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s26" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">walls </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of Jericho </span><span class="s38" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">one </span><span class="s33" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">gen</span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">eration </span><span class="s27" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">after </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s24" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">end </span><span class="s28" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s24" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Middle </span><span class="s29" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Kingdom, </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">and </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s21" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">enigmatic </span><span class="s39" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">hiatus </span><span class="s33" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span class="s35" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">six </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">hundred </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">years </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">proves </span><span class="s45" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">not </span><span class="s46" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">to </span><span class="s38" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">be </span><span class="s36" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">real.</span></span></div>
<div class="p21" style="text-align: center;">
<span class="s36" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="p22" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span class="s53">I </span><span class="s28">expect </span><span class="s20">new </span><span class="s21">evidence </span><span class="s18">from </span><span class="s26">the </span><span class="s3">Minoan </span><span class="s34">scripts </span><span class="s24">and </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s39">so-called </span><span class="s27">Hittite </span><span class="s25">pictographs. </span><span class="s21">Texts </span><span class="s34">in </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s3">Minoan </span><span class="s28">(Linear </span><span class="s2">B) </span><span class="s34">script </span><span class="s32">were found </span><span class="s16">years </span><span class="s38">ago </span><span class="s32">on </span><span class="s28">Crete </span><span class="s32">and </span><span class="s41">in </span><span class="s22">Mycenae </span><span class="s2">and </span><span class="s41">in </span><span class="s39">several </span><span class="s33">other </span><span class="s25">places </span><span class="s18">on </span><span class="s39">the </span><span class="s18">Greek </span><span class="s45">mainland. </span><span class="s53">I </span><span class="s39">believe </span><span class="s46">that </span><span class="s17">when </span><span class="s26">the </span><span class="s20">Minoan </span><span class="s26">writings </span><span class="s31">unearthed </span><span class="s27">in </span><span class="s3">Mycenae </span><span class="s25">are </span><span class="s21">deciphered </span><span class="s33">they </span><span class="s35">will </span><span class="s31">be </span><span class="s32">found </span><span class="s46">to </span><span class="s37">be </span><span class="s45">Greek. </span><span class="s36">I </span><span class="s41">also </span><span class="s21">claim </span><span class="s46">that </span><span class="s26">these </span><span class="s34">texts </span><span class="s25">are of </span><span class="s28">a </span><span class="s35">later </span><span class="s16">date </span><span class="s31">than </span><span class="s33">gen</span><span class="s27">erally </span><span class="s39">believed. </span><span class="s5">"No </span><span class="s37">'Dark Age' </span><span class="s16">of </span><span class="s40">six </span><span class="s41">centuries' </span><span class="s33">dura</span><span class="s46">tion </span><span class="s33">intervened </span><span class="s34">in </span><span class="s24">Greece </span><span class="s38">between </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s43">Mycenaean </span><span class="s31">age </span><span class="s24">and </span><span class="s26">the </span><span class="s21">Ionian age </span><span class="s16">of </span><span class="s26">the </span><span class="s28">seventh </span><span class="s25">century." <b>(2)</b></span></span></div>
<div class="p6" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span class="s45" style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="p6" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span class="s45">Before </span><span class="s28">long </span><span class="s17">new </span><span class="s21">evidence </span><span class="s34">will </span><span class="s17">come </span><span class="s2">from </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s46">so-called </span></span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span class="s27">Hittite </span>pictographic <span class="s26">writings </span><span class="s38">found </span><span class="s34">in </span><span class="s45">Asia </span><span class="s37">Minor, </span><span class="s18">Meso- </span><span class="s21">potamia, </span><span class="s32">and </span><span class="s21">northern </span><span class="s27">Syria. </span><span class="s16">Since </span><span class="s39">the </span><span class="s25">recent </span><span class="s16">discovery i</span></span><span class="s41" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">n </span><span class="s37" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Karatepe </span><span class="s36" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">in </span><span class="s45" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Asia </span><span class="s43" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Minor </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span class="s46" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">bilingual inscriptions </span><span class="s27" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">in </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">ancient </span><span class="s20" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Hebrew </span><span class="s24" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">and </span><span class="s41" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">in </span><span class="s33" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">pictographs </span><span class="s40" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">efforts </span><span class="s34" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">at </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">decipher</span><span class="s43" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">ment </span><span class="s38" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">have </span><span class="s33" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">entered </span><span class="s45" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">a </span><span class="s17" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">new </span><span class="s34" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">stage. </span><span class="s3" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Today </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s34" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Hittite </span><span class="s41" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">picto</span><span class="s21" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">graphs </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">are </span><span class="s33" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">already </span><span class="s41" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">in </span><span class="s26" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">process </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span class="s28" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">being </span><span class="s39" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">read. </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">In </span><span class="s63" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">my </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">reconstruction </span><span class="s56" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">I </span><span class="s17" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">come </span><span class="s41" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">to </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s28" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">conclusion </span><span class="s46" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">that </span><span class="s33" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">they </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">are </span><span class="s32" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Chaldean </span><span class="s35" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">signs, </span><span class="s21" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">not </span><span class="s40" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Hittite. </span><span class="s56" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">I </span><span class="s27" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">also </span><span class="s28" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">expect </span><span class="s45" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">unequivocal </span><span class="s28" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">evidence </span><span class="s46" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">that </span><span class="s39" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">these </span><span class="s41" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">signs </span><span class="s38" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">were </span><span class="s45" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">used </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">down </span><span class="s27" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">to </span><span class="s26" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s50" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">last </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">century </span><span class="s28" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">before </span><span class="s39" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">present </span><span class="s35" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">era. </span><span class="s3" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Owing </span><span class="s27" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">to </span><span class="s39" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s21" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">confusion </span><span class="s40" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">in </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s28" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">conventional </span><span class="s21" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">chronology, </span><span class="s39" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s24" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Chaldean </span><span class="s26" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">writings </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s32" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Neo-Babylonian </span><span class="s29" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Empire </span><span class="s26" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">are </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">ascribed </span><span class="s41" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">to </span><span class="s26" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">early </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">cen</span><span class="s34" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">turies </span><span class="s24" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">and </span><span class="s38" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">an </span><span class="s31" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">imaginary </span><span class="s33" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">empire.</span></span></div>
<div class="p7" style="text-align: center;">
<span class="s33" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="p22" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span class="s10">W. </span><span class="s39">F. </span><span class="s38">Libby </span><span class="s2">and </span><span class="s34">his </span><span class="s46">associates </span><span class="s34">at </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s33">University </span><span class="s16">of </span><span class="s32">Chicago </span><span class="s38">have </span><span class="s31">developed </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s45">radiocarbon </span><span class="s43">method </span><span class="s16">of </span><span class="s46">dat</span><span class="s25">ing </span><span class="s28">organic </span><span class="s26">matter. </span><span class="s68">Wood </span><span class="s18">from </span><span class="s32">under </span><span class="s26">the </span><span class="s45">foundation </span><span class="s16">of </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s46">"Hittite" </span><span class="s27">fortress </span><span class="s16">of </span><span class="s25">Alisar </span><span class="s27">in </span><span class="s31">Asia </span><span class="s43">Minor </span><span class="s21">turned </span><span class="s28">out </span><span class="s46">to </span><span class="s28">be </span><span class="s21">seven </span><span class="s46">to </span><span class="s39">eight </span><span class="s24">hundred </span><span class="s16">years </span><span class="s32">younger </span><span class="s31">than </span><span class="s21">con</span><span class="s16">ventional </span><span class="s37">chronology </span><span class="s18">would </span><span class="s39">allow, <b>(3)</b></span><span class="s57"> </span><span class="s16">thus </span><span class="s26">giving </span><span class="s50">full </span><span class="s16">support </span><span class="s46">to </span><span class="s12">my </span><span class="s46">dating. </span><span class="s27">Hittite history, </span><span class="s31">interwoven </span><span class="s21">with </span><span class="s24">Egyp</span><span class="s34">tian </span><span class="s26">history of </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s59">New </span><span class="s43">Kingdom, </span><span class="s37">cannot </span><span class="s31">be </span><span class="s28">shortened </span><span class="s45">without </span><span class="s40">at </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s29">same </span><span class="s28">time </span><span class="s33">shortening </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s39">history </span><span class="s25">of </span><span class="s28">Egypt. </span><span class="s20">The </span><span class="s45">age </span><span class="s25">of </span><span class="s26">pieces of </span><span class="s11">wood </span><span class="s29">from </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s2">tombs </span><span class="s25">of </span><span class="s26">the </span><span class="s2">Old </span><span class="s24">and Middle </span><span class="s3">Kingdoms </span><span class="s27">in </span><span class="s32">Egypt </span><span class="s41">also </span><span class="s38">proved </span><span class="s41">to </span><span class="s45">be </span><span class="s41">in </span><span class="s3">harmony </span><span class="s21">with </span><span class="s7">my </span><span class="s26">reconstruction. </span><span class="s2">However, </span><span class="s26">for </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s39">decisive </span><span class="s33">period </span></span><span class="s46" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">that </span><span class="s28" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span class="s26" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s7" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">New </span><span class="s13" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Kingdom </span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">no </span><span class="s45" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">radiocarbon </span><span class="s39" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">analysis </span><span class="s45" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">has </span><span class="s38" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">been </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">made.</span></span></div>
<div class="p22" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="p24" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span class="s33" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">I suggest that some objects in the possession of museums, dating from the New Kingdom of Egypt (the dynasty of Hatshepsut, Thutmose III, Akhaton, and Tutankhamen, and those of Ramses II and Ramses III), be subjected to the radio-carbon test.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span class="s33" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span class="s33" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Soon you will be able to judge as right or wrong my unqualified statement that carbon analysis of the wooden sarcophagi of Seti, Ramses II, Merneptah, and Ramses III, or of the furniture and sacred boats of Thutmose III or Tutankhamen, would yield dates five to seven hundred years younger than those assigned by the adherents of the conventional chronology. Then you will know for certain whether the conventional or the revised history of the lands of the ancient East for twelve hundred years is authentic and true.<b>(4)</b></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span class="s33" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span class="s33" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">In recent years, Russian archaeologists have discovered abundant remains of human culture in northeastern Siberia, in the frozen taiga where frozen bodies of mammoths are found and where nobody suspected human abodes in ages past. There was human population in northeastern Siberia in paleolithic time, in neolithic time, and in the bronze time, too.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span class="s33" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span class="s33" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Paleolithic artifacts were found in Yakutia; rock drawings very similar to the paleolithic drawings on the rocks and in the caverns of France and Spain were found in the valley of the Lena, near the village Shishkino.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span class="s33" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span class="s33" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">"In the neolithic age, about two to three millennia before our era, neolithic races, descendants of earlier inhabitants of Yakutia...spread to the very coast of the Arctic Ocean in the north and the Koluma in the east." <b>(5)</b></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span class="s33" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span>
<span class="s33" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">In </span><u style="font-size: x-large;"><span class="s24" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Worlds </span><span class="s50" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">in </span></u><span class="s41" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><u>Collision</u>, </span><span class="s35" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">p. </span><span class="s33" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">329, </span><span class="s49" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">I </span><span class="s33" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">expressed </span><span class="s12" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">my </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">belief </span><span class="s46" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">that </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">human </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">settlements </span><span class="s29" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">would </span><span class="s31" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">be </span><span class="s33" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">discovered </span><span class="s26" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">"farther </span><span class="s46" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">to </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">the </span><span class="s21" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">north </span><span class="s24" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">on </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">the </span><span class="s13" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Kolyma </span><span class="s28" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">or </span><span class="s43" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Lena </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">rivers </span><span class="s33" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">flowing </span><span class="s46" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">into </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">the </span><span class="s33" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Arctic </span><span class="s26" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Ocean."</span></div>
<div class="p21" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span class="s26" style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="p12" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span class="s55">On </span><span class="s26">the </span><span class="s31">lower </span><span class="s45">Lena, north </span><span class="s16">of </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s28">confluence with </span><span class="s34">Viliy, </span><span class="s46">inside </span><span class="s39">the </span><span class="s33">polar </span><span class="s36">circle, </span><span class="s20">monuments </span><span class="s26">are </span><span class="s38">found </span><span class="s16">of a </span><span class="s33">charac</span><span class="s50">teristic </span><span class="s41">culture; </span><span class="s28">outstanding </span><span class="s41">finds </span><span class="s32">were </span><span class="s11">made </span><span class="s21">near </span><span class="s16">the </span><span class="s26">lake </span><span class="s45">Yolba, </span><span class="s28">not </span><span class="s46">far </span><span class="s2">from </span><span class="s26">Jigansk.</span></span></div>
<div class="p12" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span class="s26" style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="p22" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span class="s13">As </span><span class="s31">soon </span><span class="s41">as </span><span class="s26">the </span><span class="s25">archaeologists </span><span class="s41">started </span><span class="s16">a </span><span class="s38">methodic </span><span class="s40">in</span></span><span class="s39" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">vestigation </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span class="s26" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s41" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">area, </span><span class="s35" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">in </span><span class="s24" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Yakutsk </span><span class="s48" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">itself </span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">was </span><span class="s32" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">found </span><span class="s26" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">a </span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">workshop </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">an </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">ancient </span><span class="s39" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">metallurgist </span><span class="s34" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">in </span><span class="s21" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">which, </span><span class="s40" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">at </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s38" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">end </span><span class="s33" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s37" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">second </span><span class="s38" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">millennium </span><span class="s28" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">before </span><span class="s39" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">present </span><span class="s35" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">era, </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">he </span><span class="s13" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">made </span><span class="s37" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">bronze </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">axes </span><span class="s39" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">similar </span><span class="s27" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">to </span><span class="s26" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">axes </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">manufactured </span><span class="s45" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">about </span><span class="s41" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">that </span><span class="s21" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">time </span><span class="s27" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">in </span><span class="s39" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s43" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Near </span><span class="s28" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">East </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">and </span><span class="s27" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">in </span><span class="s31" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Europe.</span></span></div>
<div class="p22" style="text-align: center;">
<span class="s31" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="p9" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span class="s28">"In </span><span class="s39">the </span><span class="s2">Yakutsk </span><span class="s46">taiga </span><span class="s2">two </span><span class="s24">and </span><span class="s46">a </span><span class="s26">half </span><span class="s41">[or three] </span><span class="s33">thou</span><span class="s31">sand </span><span class="s16">years </span><span class="s26">ago, there </span><span class="s33">already </span><span class="s41">lived artisans in </span><span class="s33">metals </span><span class="s5">who </span><span class="s24">were </span><span class="s26">able </span><span class="s27">to </span><span class="s39">extract </span><span class="s37">copper </span><span class="s2">from </span><span class="s35">ore, </span><span class="s41">to </span><span class="s21">melt </span><span class="s52">it </span><span class="s24">and </span><span class="s32">pour </span><span class="s44">it </span><span class="s46">into </span><span class="s33">forms, </span><span class="s38">and </span><span class="s46">to </span><span class="s17">make </span><span class="s41">axes, </span><span class="s39">beautiful </span><span class="s31">bronze </span><span class="s36">tips </span><span class="s39">for </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s41">spears, </span><span class="s16">knives </span><span class="s24">and </span><span class="s37">even </span><span class="s28">swords." <b>(6)</b></span></span></div>
<div class="p9" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span class="s28" style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="p26" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span class="s2">These </span><span class="s40">relics </span><span class="s16">of </span><span class="s28">a </span>civilization in <span class="s25">the </span><span class="s46">taiga </span><span class="s33">of northeastern </span><span class="s39">Siberia </span><span class="s37">imply </span><span class="s41">that </span><span class="s39">the </span><span class="s16">climate </span><span class="s32">changed </span><span class="s25">there </span><span class="s35">in </span><span class="s26">the </span><span class="s28">age of </span><span class="s38">advanced </span><span class="s2">man. </span><span class="s45">Before </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s34">ice </span><span class="s26">froze </span><span class="s39">the region, </span><span class="s16">vora</span><span class="s25">cious </span><span class="s3">members </span><span class="s33">of </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s28">elephant family </span><span class="s22">roamed </span><span class="s25">there </span><span class="s39">in </span><span class="s26">large </span><span class="s39">herds.</span></span></div>
<div class="p26" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span class="s39" style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="p27" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><i><span class="s10">Recent </span><span class="s3">Finds </span><span class="s26">in </span>Geology</i></span></div>
<div class="p27" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="p13" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span class="s21">Archaeological evidence </span><span class="s16">of </span><span class="s25">continental </span><span class="s45">upheavals </span><span class="s34">in </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s37">second </span><span class="s38">millennium </span><span class="s31">having </span><span class="s38">been </span>presented <span class="s40">in </span><span class="s34">detail </span><span class="s24">by </span><span class="s39">Schaeffer, </span><span class="s26">the </span><span class="s21">evidence </span><span class="s33">of </span><span class="s31">geology </span><span class="s24">and </span><span class="s21">paleontology </span><span class="s39">called </span><span class="s25">for </span><span class="s46">elucidation. </span><span class="s5">To </span><span class="s36">this </span><span class="s53">I </span><span class="s38">have </span><span class="s33">dedicated </span>a <span class="s41">special </span><span class="s37">work, </span><span class="s14">now </span><span class="s46">close </span><span class="s34">to </span><span class="s28">completion, </span><span class="s24">and </span><span class="s46">since </span><span class="s57">it </span><span class="s35">will </span><span class="s31">be </span><span class="s28">published </span>before very <span class="s39">long, </span><span class="s56">I </span><span class="s34">shall </span><span class="s46">refer </span>here <span class="s21">only </span><span class="s34">briefly </span><span class="s46">to </span><span class="s22">some </span><span class="s33">of </span><span class="s40">this </span><span class="s46">material.</span></span></div>
<div class="p13" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span class="s46" style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="p13" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span class="s69">A </span><span class="s30">little </span><span class="s21">over </span><span class="s45">a </span><span class="s38">decade ago </span><span class="s57">it </span><span class="s18">was </span><span class="s31">observed </span><span class="s46">that </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s33">gold-digging </span>hydraulic <span class="s46">giants </span><span class="s27">in </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s31">Fairbanks </span><span class="s41">District </span><span class="s46">in </span>Alaska, <span class="s46">sluicing </span><span class="s21">out </span><span class="s33">miles-long </span><span class="s35">cuts, </span><span class="s2">opened </span><span class="s26">great </span>heca<span class="s2">tombs </span><span class="s16">of animals. </span><span class="s45">"Their </span><span class="s29">numbers </span><span class="s26">are </span><span class="s39">appalling. </span><span class="s22">They lie frozen in tangled masses, interspersed with uprooted trees. They seem to have been torn apart and dismembered and then consolidated under catastrophic conditions. Skin, ligament, hair, flesh can still be seen.<b>(7)</b></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span class="s22"><b><br /></b></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span class="s22">Then human artifacts were found under the mass of torn animals and splintered trees. These artifacts do not differ much from those used only recently by the Indians of the Tanana Valley in Alaska. Mammoths, mastodons, superbison, lions, horses were found among other animals.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span class="s22"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span class="s22">Since then familiar finds of bones and artifacts have been unearthed all over Asia. They bring to mind the finds made long ago in the 'Ivory Islands' of the Arctic Ocean above Siberia. "These islands were full of mammoth bones, and the quantity of tusks and teeth of elephants and rhinoceroses, found in the newly discovered islands of New Siberia, were perfectly amazing...The soil of these isolated islands is absolutely packed full of the bones of elephants and rhinoceroses in astonishing numbers." <b>(8) </b>These bones are mixed with trunks of trees heaped hundreds of feet high, broken and charred.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span class="s22"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Hippopotami, animals that live in the marshes of Africa, left their bones in abundance in England and France, and these bones are not yet fossilized. J. Prestwich, professor of geology at Oxford (1874-1888), was early struck by the finds in the fissures of the rocks in England, central and southern France, Gibralter and the islands of the Mediterranean. <b>(9) </b>Bones of animals, living and extinct, in great masses choke these fissures and caves. Some fissures are on top of high hills, and they, too, are filled with bones. The bones are broken into innumerable fragments and are still fresh; artifacts of man are found among them. Prestwich understood that some catastrophe of continental dimensions, with water playing the main role, swept over Europe in the time when the Neolithic Age started there and when the </span><span class="s32" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Bronze </span><span class="s20" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Age </span><span class="s15" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">may </span><span class="s38" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">have been </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">well </span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">on </span><span class="s30" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">its </span><span class="s13" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">way </span><span class="s41" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">in </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">the cen</span><span class="s40" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">ters </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">of ancient </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">civilization.</span></div>
<div class="p29" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="p14" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span class="s2">Palms </span><span class="s32">were found </span><span class="s41">to </span><span class="s38">have </span><span class="s29">grown </span><span class="s27">in </span><span class="s21">northern </span><span class="s38">Green- </span><span class="s46">land, </span><span class="s24">where </span><span class="s5">now </span><span class="s39">for </span><span class="s46">half </span><span class="s28">a </span><span class="s21">year </span><span class="s39">there </span><span class="s51">is </span><span class="s21">darkness </span><span class="s24">and </span><span class="s57">it </span><span class="s53">is </span><span class="s37">permanently </span><span class="s41">cold. </span><span class="s43">At </span><span class="s22">some </span><span class="s28">time </span><span class="s35">in </span><span class="s39">the </span><span class="s38">remote </span><span class="s25">past </span><span class="s46">corals </span><span class="s32">grew </span><span class="s34">in </span><span class="s25">Spitsbergen, </span><span class="s38">and </span><span class="s28">sequoia </span><span class="s27">forests </span><span class="s41">in </span><span class="s28">Alaska; </span><span class="s32">and </span><span class="s62">it </span><span class="s18">was </span><span class="s26">early </span><span class="s31">understood </span><span class="s41">that </span><span class="s39">the </span><span class="s40">terrestrial </span><span class="s27">axis </span><span class="s2">must </span><span class="s37">have </span><span class="s24">changed </span><span class="s30">its </span><span class="s41">position. </span>Airy, <span class="s2">Lord </span><span class="s16">Kelvin, </span><span class="s2">George </span><span class="s38">Darwin, </span><span class="s2">and </span><span class="s10">many </span><span class="s41">others, </span><span class="s16">including </span><span class="s39">Schiaparelli </span><span class="s24">and </span><span class="s43">Simon </span><span class="s13">Newcomb, </span>participated <span class="s27">in </span><span class="s16">a </span><span class="s28">long debate </span><span class="s24">on </span><span class="s39">the </span><span class="s28">astronomical </span><span class="s24">and </span><span class="s26">geological </span><span class="s34">possibility </span><span class="s16">of </span>a <span class="s16">sud</span><span class="s24">den </span><span class="s32">change </span><span class="s34">in </span><span class="s39">the direction </span><span class="s16">of </span><span class="s39">the </span><span class="s40">terrestrial </span><span class="s36">axis, </span>a de-</span></div>
<div class="p21" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span class="s16">bate </span><span class="s46">that </span><span class="s18">was </span><span class="s28">erroneously </span><span class="s21">thought </span><span class="s41">to </span><span class="s37">have </span><span class="s38">been </span><span class="s41">started as </span><span class="s16">a </span><span class="s37">consequence </span><span class="s16">of </span><span class="s32">Worlds </span><span class="s36">in </span><span class="s27">Collision, </span><span class="s56">It </span><span class="s18">was </span><span class="s21">under</span><span class="s28">stood </span><span class="s41">that </span><span class="s31">such </span><span class="s26">a </span><span class="s32">change </span><span class="s24">must </span><span class="s38">have </span><span class="s21">taken </span><span class="s16">place </span><span class="s26">unless </span><span class="s25">the strange </span><span class="s27">finds </span><span class="s25">are </span>to <span class="s31">be </span><span class="s47">left </span><span class="s21">without </span><span class="s25">explanation. </span><span class="s3">The </span><span class="s28">theory </span><span class="s33">of </span><span class="s27">drifting </span><span class="s39">continents, offered </span><span class="s41">as </span><span class="s26">a </span><span class="s34">substitute, </span><span class="s18">was </span><span class="s46">rejected </span><span class="s39">for </span><span class="s10">many </span><span class="s39">reasons. </span><span class="s27">Jeffreys </span><span class="s18">showed </span><span class="s39">that </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s31">mobile </span><span class="s25">force </span><span class="s31">invoked </span><span class="s24">by </span><span class="s43">Wegener </span><span class="s51">is </span><span class="s38">one </span><span class="s2">hundred </span><span class="s34">billion </span><span class="s16">times </span><span class="s33">too </span><span class="s16">small </span><span class="s46">to </span><span class="s13">move </span><span class="s26">the </span><span class="s39">continents. </span><span class="s32">Eddington </span></span><span class="s45" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">thought </span><span class="s41" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">that </span><span class="s26" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">possibly </span><span class="s28" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">only </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s35" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">crust, </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">in </span><span class="s49" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">its </span><span class="s34" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">entirety, </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">moved, </span><span class="s32" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">and </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s27" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">axis </span><span class="s26" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s33" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">core </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">was </span><span class="s47" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">left </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">unchanged </span><span class="s34" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">in </span><span class="s27" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">direction. </span><span class="s37" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">But </span><span class="s39" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s37" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">mobile </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">force </span><span class="s37" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">he </span><span class="s31" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">invoked </span><span class="s39" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s36" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">tidal </span><span class="s40" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">in</span><span class="s27" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">equalities </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">lunar </span><span class="s46" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">origin </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">would </span><span class="s33" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">not </span><span class="s37" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">have </span><span class="s17" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">moved </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s27" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">latitudes </span><span class="s33" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">out </span><span class="s26" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">their </span><span class="s41" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">places, </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s46" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">directional </span><span class="s41" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">pull </span><span class="s28" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">being </span><span class="s41" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">east-west.</span></span></div>
<div class="p21" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span class="s41" style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="p9" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span class="s10">W. </span><span class="s27">B. </span><span class="s21">Wright, </span><span class="s27">in </span><span class="s34">his </span><u><span class="s29">The </span><span class="s37">Quaternary </span><span class="s46">Ice </span></u><span class="s20"><u>Age</u> </span><span class="s38">(2nd </span><span class="s36">ed., </span><span class="s21">1937), </span><span class="s39">says </span><span class="s41">that </span><span class="s21">during </span><span class="s39">geological history </span><span class="s26">there </span><span class="s45">occurred </span><span class="s13">many </span><span class="s31">changes </span><span class="s27">in </span><span class="s46">the </span><span class="s39">position </span><span class="s25">of </span>the <span class="s39">climatic </span><span class="s45">zones </span><span class="s2">on </span><span class="s46">the </span><span class="s25">surface </span><span class="s26">of the </span><span class="s25">earth </span><span class="s32">which </span><span class="s31">cannot </span><span class="s37">be </span><span class="s46">ex</span></span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">plained </span><span class="s33" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">except </span><span class="s38" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">by </span><span class="s46" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">a </span><span class="s27" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">shifting </span><span class="s33" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span class="s39" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s34" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">axis </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">or </span><span class="s26" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">a </span><span class="s46" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">displace</span><span class="s43" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">ment </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span class="s39" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">pole </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">from </span><span class="s49" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">its </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">present </span><span class="s41" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">position.</span></span></div>
<div class="p9" style="text-align: center;">
<span class="s41" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="p15" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span class="s32">But </span><span class="s2">what </span><span class="s45">could </span><span class="s37">have </span><span class="s31">brought </span><span class="s45">about </span><span class="s46">a </span><span class="s32">change </span><span class="s27">in </span><span class="s25">the </span></span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">inclination </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s40" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">terrestrial </span><span class="s27" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">axis </span><span class="s41" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">to </span><span class="s39" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s28" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">plane </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of the </span><span class="s35" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">ecliptic? </span><span class="s56" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">I </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">discussed </span><span class="s36" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">this </span><span class="s33" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">question </span><span class="s35" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">in </span><span class="s39" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s26" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">closing </span><span class="s45" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">pages </span><span class="s26" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span class="s24" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Worlds </span><span class="s50" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">in </span><span class="s39" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Collision </span><span class="s38" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">and </span><span class="s33" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">suggested </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s28" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">entrance </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of the </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">earth </span><span class="s46" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">into </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">a strong </span><span class="s37" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">magnetic </span><span class="s56" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">field.</span></span></div>
<div class="p15" style="text-align: center;">
<span class="s56" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="p25" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span class="s22">The </span><span class="s32">newly </span><span class="s31">developed </span><span class="s26">science </span><span class="s33">of </span><span class="s32">paleomagnetism </span><span class="s33">brought, </span>and <span class="s46">daily </span><span class="s33">continues </span><span class="s41">to </span><span class="s46">bring, </span><span class="s28">confirmation </span><span class="s25">of </span><span class="s26">the </span><span class="s34">fact </span><span class="s41">that </span><span class="s26">lavas </span><span class="s24">and </span><span class="s28">igneous rocks </span><span class="s50">in </span><span class="s53">all </span><span class="s39">parts </span><span class="s26">of </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s37">world </span><span class="s46">are </span><span class="s39">reversely </span><span class="s21">magnetized. </span><span class="s37">But </span><span class="s24">what </span><span class="s44">is </span><span class="s45">even </span><span class="s22">more </span></span><span class="s35" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">startling </span><span class="s51" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">is </span><span class="s27" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">to find </span><span class="s46" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">that </span><span class="s39" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the reversely </span><span class="s37" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">magnetized </span><span class="s33" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">rocks </span><span class="s39" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">are </span><span class="s28" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">a </span><span class="s24" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">hundred </span><span class="s33" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">times </span><span class="s22" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">more </span><span class="s26" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">strongly </span><span class="s37" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">magnetized </span><span class="s45" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">than </span><span class="s26" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s41" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">earth's </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">magnetic </span><span class="s50" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">field </span><span class="s21" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">could </span><span class="s37" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">have </span><span class="s45" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">caused </span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">them </span><span class="s41" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">to be. </span><span class="s29" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">H. </span><span class="s38" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Manley, </span><span class="s41" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">in </span><span class="s27" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">his </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">review, </span><span class="s41" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">writes: </span><span class="s40" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">"It </span><span class="s15" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">may </span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">seem </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">strange </span><span class="s39" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">that </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">a </span><span class="s31" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">rock </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">which </span><span class="s44" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">is </span><span class="s13" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">made </span><span class="s29" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">mag</span><span class="s46" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">netic </span><span class="s32" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">by </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s27" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">earth's </span><span class="s40" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">field" </span><span class="s21" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">should </span><span class="s43" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">become </span><span class="s26" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">so </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">strongly </span><span class="s38" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">magnetized </span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">"compared </span><span class="s21" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">with </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s33" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">generating </span><span class="s41" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">force. </span><span class="s45" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">This </span><span class="s30" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">is </span><span class="s32" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">one </span><span class="s28" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">most </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">astonishing </span><span class="s38" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">problems </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span class="s31" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">paleomagnet</span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">ism." <b>(10)</b></span></span></div>
<div class="p25" style="text-align: center;">
<span class="s51" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="p14" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span class="s22">Manley </span><span class="s46">also </span><span class="s41">refers </span><span class="s46">to </span>the <span class="s36">tests </span><span class="s17">made </span><span class="s16">years </span><span class="s37">ago </span><span class="s2">by </span><span class="s29">G. </span><span class="s16">Folgheraiter </span><span class="s2">and </span><span class="s46">P. </span><span class="s39">L. </span><span class="s18">Mercanton </span><span class="s2">on </span><span class="s39">the </span>clay <span class="s25">of </span><span class="s16">ancient </span><span class="s31">Etruscan </span><span class="s41">vases. </span><span class="s3">They </span><span class="s38">were </span><span class="s24">found </span><span class="s41">to </span><span class="s38">have </span><span class="s32">been </span><span class="s35">fired </span><span class="s17">when </span><span class="s16">the vases </span><span class="s24">were </span><span class="s39">closer </span><span class="s27">to </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s21">south </span><span class="s37">magnetic </span><span class="s46">pole; </span><span class="s27">their </span>position <span class="s45">during </span><span class="s16">the </span><span class="s40">firing </span><span class="s49">is </span><span class="s24">known, </span><span class="s45">because </span><span class="s16">of </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s28">flow of </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s41">glaze; </span><span class="s2">and </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s37">magnetic </span><span class="s25">dip </span><span class="s28">or </span><span class="s46">inclination </span><span class="s25">of the clay </span><span class="s44">is </span><span class="s28">found. </span><span class="s43">Manley </span><span class="s41">writes: </span><span class="s28">"This </span><span class="s26">implies </span>that <span class="s27">in </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s41">sixth </span><span class="s21">century </span><span class="s35">B.C. </span>the <span class="s27">earth's </span><span class="s31">magnetic </span><span class="s50">field </span><span class="s29">was </span><span class="s33">reversed </span><span class="s34">in </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s33">Central </span><span class="s37">Mediterranean </span><span class="s46">area." </span><span class="s19">He </span><span class="s21">speaks </span><span class="s46">also </span><span class="s28">of </span><span class="s16">a general </span><span class="s39">"reversal </span><span class="s34">in </span><span class="s27">historical </span><span class="s41">times, </span><span class="s29">2500 </span><span class="s16">years ago," </span><span class="s46">that </span><span class="s2">must </span><span class="s37">be </span><span class="s25">cleared </span><span class="s2">up </span><span class="s24">by </span><span class="s26">additional </span><span class="s35">re</span><span class="s26">search.</span></span></div>
<div class="p14" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span class="s26" style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="p26" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span class="s20">Knowing </span><span class="s2">from </span><span class="s7">my </span><span class="s21">study </span><span class="s33">of </span><span class="s25">ancient </span>literary <span class="s33">sources </span><span class="s26">the </span></span><span class="s31" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">proper </span><span class="s21" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">time </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span class="s38" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">exogenous </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">disturbances </span><span class="s41" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">in </span><span class="s40" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">terrestrial </span><span class="s41" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">ro</span><span class="s34" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">tation, </span><span class="s53" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">I </span><span class="s28" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">suspected </span><span class="s37" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">an </span><span class="s21" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">inaccuracy </span><span class="s46" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">in </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s47" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">last </span><span class="s33" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">sentence </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span class="s32" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">an </span><span class="s33" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">otherwise </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">well-written </span><span class="s40" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">article </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">by </span><span class="s32" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Manley: </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s46" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">reversal </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">must </span><span class="s32" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">have </span><span class="s45" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">occurred </span><span class="s35" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">in </span><span class="s33" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">eighth </span><span class="s28" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">century </span><span class="s32" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">and </span><span class="s33" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">again </span><span class="s46" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">in </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s21" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">beginning </span><span class="s33" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s28" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">seventh </span><span class="s21" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">century </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">(687). </span><span class="s48" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">I </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">was </span><span class="s35" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">grati</span><span class="s40" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">fied </span><span class="s46" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">to </span><span class="s40" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">find, </span><span class="s39" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">in </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s46" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">original </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">publication </span><span class="s33" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of Professor </span><span class="s38" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Mercanton, </span><span class="s34" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">to </span><span class="s63" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">whom </span><span class="s36" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">I </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">directed </span><span class="s63" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">my </span><span class="s46" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">inquiry, that </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">vases </span><span class="s45" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">with </span><span class="s33" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">reversed </span><span class="s39" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">polarity </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">date </span><span class="s24" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">from </span><span class="s39" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s26" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">eighth century. (<b>11)</b></span><span class="s57" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"> </span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span class="s49" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span class="s49" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">I </span><span class="s28" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">expect </span><span class="s40" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">that, </span><span class="s45" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">should </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s33" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">research </span><span class="s31" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">be </span><span class="s45" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">extended </span><span class="s27" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">to </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">vases </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">dating </span><span class="s29" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">from </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s24" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">end </span><span class="s21" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span class="s26" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s24" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Middle </span><span class="s13" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Kingdom </span><span class="s34" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">in </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Egypt </span><span class="s46" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">(circa </span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">3500 </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">years </span><span class="s28" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">ago), </span><span class="s33" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">other </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">periods </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span class="s28" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">"unnatural" </span><span class="s39" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">polarity </span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">would </span><span class="s37" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">be </span><span class="s31" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">determined </span><span class="s41" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">in </span><span class="s32" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Egypt </span><span class="s37" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">and </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">elsewhere. </span><span class="s33" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Professor </span><span class="s28" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">R. </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Daly </span><span class="s21" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Harvard </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">University </span><span class="s32" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">found </span><span class="s46" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">that </span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">3500 </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">years </span><span class="s37" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">ago </span><span class="s56" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">all </span><span class="s21" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">over </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s32" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">world </span><span class="s26" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s35" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">level </span><span class="s39" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s45" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">oceans </span><span class="s37" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">suddenly </span><span class="s45" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">dropped. </span><span class="s19" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">He </span><span class="s31" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">thought </span><span class="s62" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">it </span><span class="s38" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">might </span><span class="s21" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">be </span><span class="s32" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">due </span><span class="s41" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">to </span><span class="s28" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">a </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">sud</span><span class="s24" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">den </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">sinking </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span class="s26" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s35" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">crust. </span><span class="s19" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">And </span><span class="s46" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">in </span><span class="s38" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">an </span><span class="s39" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">authoritative </span><span class="s31" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">work, </span><span class="s29" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Marine </span><span class="s24" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Geology </span><span class="s31" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">(1950), </span><span class="s28" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Professor </span><span class="s46" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">P. </span><span class="s24" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">H. </span><span class="s3" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Kuenen </span><span class="s33" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span class="s26" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s31" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Netherlands </span><span class="s41" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">finds </span><span class="s39" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">that </span><span class="s27" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">"this </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">recent </span><span class="s36" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">shift </span><span class="s62" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">is </span><span class="s5" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">now </span><span class="s26" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">well </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">established" </span><span class="s29" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">on </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">observations </span><span class="s41" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">in </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">many </span><span class="s26" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">places </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of the </span><span class="s28" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">world, </span><span class="s24" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">and </span><span class="s41" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">he, </span><span class="s34" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">too, </span><span class="s39" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">assigns </span><span class="s40" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">this </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">catastrophic </span><span class="s37" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">drop </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span class="s39" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s37" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">ocean </span><span class="s27" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">level to </span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">3500 </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">years </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">ago.</span></span></div>
<div class="p11" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="p25" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span class="s3">The </span><span class="s25">recent </span><span class="s33">expedition of </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s32">Oceanographic </span><span class="s27">Institute </span><span class="s35">at </span><span class="s31">Goteborg, </span><span class="s38">under </span><span class="s2">H. </span><span class="s26">Pettersson, </span><span class="s2">which </span><span class="s45">covered </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s33">At</span></span><span class="s36" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">lantic, </span><span class="s35" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Pacific, </span><span class="s32" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">and </span><span class="s45" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Indian </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">oceans, </span><span class="s28" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">found, </span><span class="s21" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">according </span><span class="s46" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">to </span><span class="s30" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">its </span><span class="s41" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">leader, </span><span class="s28" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">"evidences </span><span class="s33" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span class="s26" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">great </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">catastrophes </span><span class="s46" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">that </span><span class="s38" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">have </span><span class="s41" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">altered </span><span class="s46" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">face of the </span><span class="s39" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">earth." </span><span class="s19" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">He </span><span class="s21" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">speaks </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span class="s26" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">"climatic </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">catastrophes," </span><span class="s32" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">and </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">"tectonic </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">catastrophes </span><span class="s36" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">[that] </span><span class="s39" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">raised </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">or </span><span class="s45" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">lowered </span><span class="s41" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s38" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">ocean </span><span class="s24" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">bottom </span><span class="s38" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">hundreds </span><span class="s32" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">and </span><span class="s31" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">even </span><span class="s33" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">thou- </span><span class="s21" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">sands </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span class="s50" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">feet, </span><span class="s28" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">spreading </span><span class="s24" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">huge </span><span class="s40" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">tidal </span><span class="s32" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">waves </span><span class="s24" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">which </span><span class="s28" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">destroyed </span><span class="s26" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">plant </span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">and </span><span class="s31" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">animal </span><span class="s56" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">life </span><span class="s24" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">on </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s46" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">coastal </span><span class="s41" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">plains." </span><span class="s29" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">At </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">many </span><span class="s26" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">places </span><span class="s28" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">"a </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">lava </span><span class="s38" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">bed </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span class="s26" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">geologically </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">recent </span><span class="s39" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">origin </span><span class="s26" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">[was] </span><span class="s45" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">covered </span><span class="s28" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">only </span><span class="s32" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">by </span><span class="s46" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">a </span><span class="s39" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">thin </span><span class="s45" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">veneer </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span class="s28" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">sediment." </span><span class="s15" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">He </span><span class="s26" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">discov</span><span class="s33" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">ered </span><span class="s41" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">that </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s41" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Pacific </span><span class="s24" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">and </span><span class="s28" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Indian </span><span class="s38" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">ocean </span><span class="s45" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">beds </span><span class="s46" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">consist </span><span class="s39" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">"largely </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of volcanic </span><span class="s28" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">ash </span><span class="s46" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">that </span><span class="s24" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">had </span><span class="s34" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">settled </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">on </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s39" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">bot- </span><span class="s43" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">tom </span><span class="s27" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">after </span><span class="s39" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">great </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">volcanic </span><span class="s26" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">explosions." </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">He </span><span class="s41" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">also </span><span class="s32" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">found </span><span class="s27" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">a </span><span class="s39" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">large </span><span class="s46" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">nickel </span><span class="s33" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">content </span><span class="s40" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">in </span><span class="s46" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s39" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">clay </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span class="s39" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s37" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">ocean </span><span class="s28" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">bottoms, </span><span class="s24" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">and </span><span class="s28" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">decided </span><span class="s27" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">that </span><span class="s36" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">this </span><span class="s32" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">abysmal </span><span class="s46" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">nickel </span><span class="s32" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">must </span><span class="s38" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">have been </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span class="s21" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">meteoric </span><span class="s34" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">origin. </span><span class="s21" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Consequently, </span><span class="s31" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">he </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">concludes, </span><span class="s26" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">there </span><span class="s32" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">were </span><span class="s28" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">"very </span><span class="s32" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">heavy </span><span class="s37" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">showers </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span class="s33" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">meteors." </span><span class="s29" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">"The </span><span class="s39" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">principal </span><span class="s36" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">dif</span><span class="s40" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">ficulty </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span class="s36" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">this </span><span class="s28" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">explanation </span><span class="s49" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">is </span><span class="s41" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">that </span><span class="s62" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">it </span><span class="s26" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">requires </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">a </span><span class="s41" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">rate </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of accretion </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span class="s21" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">meteoric </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">dust </span><span class="s39" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">several </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">hundred </span><span class="s33" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">times </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">greater </span><span class="s28" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">than </span><span class="s46" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">that </span><span class="s24" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">which </span><span class="s31" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">astronomers </span><span class="s70" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">.<span class="Apple-tab-span"> </span></span><span class="s71" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">.<span class="Apple-tab-span"> </span></span><span class="s70" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">.<span class="Apple-tab-span"> </span></span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">are presently </span><span class="s31" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">prepared </span><span class="s41" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">to </span><span class="s33" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">admit." <b>(12)</b></span></span></div>
<div class="p25" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="p14" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span class="s33">Professor </span><span class="s43">Ewing </span><span class="s25">of </span><span class="s18">Columbia </span><span class="s33">University </span><span class="s25">carried </span><span class="s24">on </span><span class="s34">his </span><span class="s39">investigation </span><span class="s40">in </span><span class="s39">the </span><span class="s46">Atlantic. </span><span class="s28">In </span><span class="s37">1949 he </span><span class="s28">published </span><span class="s27">his </span><span class="s36">results, </span><span class="s16">and, </span><span class="s40">like </span><span class="s39">Pettersson, </span><span class="s37">he </span><span class="s38">found </span><span class="s46">that </span><span class="s25">lava </span><span class="s21">spread </span><span class="s28">only </span><span class="s39">recently </span><span class="s24">on </span><span class="s39">the </span><span class="s2">bottom </span><span class="s16">of </span>the <span class="s33">ocean. </span><span class="s4">He </span><span class="s41">also </span><span class="s20">came </span><span class="s29">upon </span><span class="s41">signs </span><span class="s25">of </span><span class="s28">land </span><span class="s37">deep </span><span class="s24">on </span>the <span class="s24">bottom </span><span class="s25">of </span><span class="s39">the </span><span class="s38">ocean </span><span class="s24">and </span><span class="s45">concluded: </span><span class="s33">"Either </span>the <span class="s33">land </span><span class="s2">must </span><span class="s38">have sunk </span><span class="s2">two </span><span class="s27">to </span>three <span class="s41">miles, </span><span class="s16">or </span><span class="s39">the </span>sea <span class="s37">once </span><span class="s2">must </span><span class="s38">have been </span><span class="s2">two </span><span class="s16">or </span><span class="s26">three </span><span class="s16">miles </span><span class="s45">lower </span><span class="s28">than </span><span class="s38">now. </span><span class="s16">Either </span><span class="s28">conclusion </span><span class="s49">is </span><span class="s35">startling."</span></span></div>
<div class="p14" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span class="s35" style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="p13" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span class="s3">The </span><span class="s16">pollen </span><span class="s34">analysis, </span><span class="s17">made </span><span class="s32">by </span><span class="s33">various </span><span class="s36">scientists, </span><span class="s25">of </span><span class="s26">the </span><span class="s24">bottom </span><span class="s25">of </span><span class="s46">the </span><span class="s2">North </span><span class="s39">Sea, </span><span class="s32">between </span><span class="s43">Germany, </span><span class="s31">England, </span><span class="s25">Scotland, </span><span class="s38">and </span><span class="s29">Norway, </span><span class="s31">convinced </span><span class="s16">researchers </span><span class="s39">that </span><span class="s40">this </span><span class="s25">sea </span><span class="s35">in </span><span class="s49">its </span><span class="s16">present </span><span class="s31">shape </span><span class="s25">originated </span><span class="s28">only </span><span class="s33">very </span><span class="s26">recently </span><span class="s35">in </span><span class="s39">the </span>Subboreal, <span class="s25">the </span><span class="s16">date </span><span class="s26">of </span><span class="s38">1500 </span>before <span class="s25">the </span><span class="s16">present </span><span class="s25">era often </span>being <span class="s27">selected. </span><span class="s43">At </span><span class="s41">that </span>time <span class="s26">there </span><span class="s39">oc</span><span class="s28">curred </span><span class="s46">a </span>Klimavturz. <span class="s22">Once </span><span class="s26">there </span><span class="s2">had </span><span class="s38">been </span><span class="s26">a </span><span class="s40">sea; </span><span class="s28">then </span><span class="s51">it </span><span class="s18">was </span><span class="s45">covered </span><span class="s32">by </span><span class="s26">debris carried </span><span class="s18">from </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s38">mountains </span><span class="s26">of </span><span class="s29">Norway; </span><span class="s48">later, </span><span class="s35">in </span><span class="s26">a </span><span class="s16">catastrophic </span><span class="s21">advance, </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s18">North </span><span class="s31">Sea </span><span class="s18">was </span><span class="s2">formed </span><span class="s37">once more. </span><span class="s63">Human </span><span class="s35">artifacts </span><span class="s37">have </span><span class="s38">been </span><span class="s32">found </span><span class="s2">from </span><span class="s39">the </span><span class="s28">time </span><span class="s17">when </span><span class="s39">the </span><span class="s18">North </span><span class="s31">Sea </span><span class="s18">was </span><span class="s46">land.</span></span></div>
<div class="p2" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="p17" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span class="s3">The </span><span class="s39">investigation </span><span class="s33">of </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s39">delta </span><span class="s31">formation </span><span class="s16">of </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s38">Bear </span><span class="s45">River </span><span class="s38">(on </span><span class="s26">the </span><span class="s24">Alaskan </span><span class="s28">border), </span>very <span class="s39">carefully </span><span class="s13">made </span><span class="s32">by </span><span class="s24">Hanson, </span><span class="s43">showed </span><span class="s46">that "at </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s16">present </span><span class="s46">rate </span><span class="s16">of </span>sedimenta<span class="s39">tion </span><span class="s33">the </span><span class="s39">delta </span><span class="s30">is </span><span class="s28">estimated </span><span class="s41">to </span><span class="s31">be </span>only <span class="s18">3600 </span><span class="s16">years </span><span class="s46">old."</span></span></div>
<div class="p17" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span class="s46" style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="p8" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span class="s38">A. </span><span class="s37">de </span><span class="s45">Lapparent, </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s33">leading </span><span class="s24">French </span><span class="s39">geologist </span><span class="s33">of </span><span class="s25">the be</span><span class="s28">ginning </span><span class="s33">of </span><span class="s26">the </span><span class="s25">century, calculated </span><span class="s40">that, </span><span class="s39">since </span><span class="s26">the </span><span class="s45">time </span><span class="s39">the </span><span class="s20">Rhone </span><span class="s41">glacier </span><span class="s46">started </span><span class="s41">to </span><span class="s39">melt, </span><span class="s36">less </span><span class="s31">than </span><span class="s18">3000 </span>years <span class="s38">have </span><span class="s25">passed. </span><span class="s13">Modern </span><span class="s33">research </span><span class="s28">confirms </span><span class="s41">that </span><span class="s10">many </span><span class="s25">of the alpine </span><span class="s41">glaciers </span><span class="s26">are </span><span class="s36">less </span><span class="s31">than </span><span class="s29">4000 </span>years <span class="s35">old. </span><span class="s33">Professor </span><span class="s39">Flint </span>of <span class="s38">Yale </span><span class="s46">refers </span><span class="s27">to </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s28">redetermination </span>of the <span class="s21">age </span>of <span class="s26">the </span><span class="s3">Upper </span><span class="s37">Great </span><span class="s43">Gorge </span>of <span class="s38">Niagara </span><span class="s46">Falls </span><span class="s24">and </span><span class="s39">writes </span><span class="s37">(1947): </span><span class="s18">"The </span><span class="s21">age </span>of the <span class="s22">Upper </span><span class="s38">Great </span><span class="s29">Gorge </span><span class="s44">is </span><span class="s40">cal</span>culated <span class="s39">as </span><span class="s43">somewhat </span><span class="s3">more </span><span class="s45">than </span><span class="s28">four </span><span class="s38">thousand </span>years <span class="s24">and </span><span class="s46">to </span><span class="s33">obtain </span><span class="s31">even </span><span class="s36">this </span><span class="s39">[low] </span><span class="s41">figure </span><span class="s13">we </span><span class="s38">have </span><span class="s46">to </span><span class="s24">assume </span><span class="s39">that </span><span class="s26">the </span><span class="s46">rate </span><span class="s33">of </span><span class="s25">recession </span><span class="s21">has </span><span class="s32">been </span><span class="s26">constant, </span><span class="s45">although </span><span class="s11">we </span><span class="s10">know </span><span class="s39">that </span><span class="s33">discharge </span><span class="s28">has </span><span class="s41">in fact </span><span class="s16">varied </span><span class="s39">greatly </span><span class="s21">during </span><span class="s46">postglacial </span><span class="s26">times." <b>(13)</b></span></span></div>
<div class="p8" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span class="s67" style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="p16" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span class="s38">Sernander </span><span class="s24">and </span><span class="s25">others </span><span class="s37">demonstrated </span><span class="s41">that </span><span class="s36">in<span class="Apple-tab-span"> </span></span><span class="s32">1500 </span><span class="s38">and </span><span class="s21">again </span><span class="s41">after<span class="Apple-tab-span"> </span></span><span class="s24">800 </span><span class="s26">there </span><span class="s45">occurred </span><span class="s26">climatic </span><span class="s16">catastrophes </span><span class="s33">of </span><span class="s25">global </span><span class="s28">dimensions. </span><span class="s32">These </span><span class="s26">researches, </span><span class="s13">unknown </span><span class="s27">to </span><span class="s19">me </span><span class="s13">when </span><span class="s48">I </span><span class="s37">wrote </span><u><span class="s24">Worlds </span><span class="s40">in </span></u><span class="s41"><u>Collision</u>, </span><span class="s33">coincide </span><span class="s21">completely </span><span class="s45">with </span><span class="s7">my </span><span class="s33">conclusions </span><span class="s2">and </span><span class="s27">their </span><span class="s46">dating.</span></span></div>
<div class="p16" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span class="s46" style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="p8" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span class="s21">In </span><span class="s37">both </span><span class="s26">these </span><span class="s33">periods </span><span class="s25">the lake </span><span class="s16">dwellings </span><span class="s34">in </span><span class="s25">Switzer</span><span class="s39">land, </span><span class="s43">Germany, </span><span class="s45">northern </span><span class="s40">Italy, </span><span class="s24">and </span><span class="s41">also </span><span class="s34">in </span><span class="s45">Scandinavia </span><span class="s24">were </span><span class="s18">overwhelmed </span><span class="s24">by </span><span class="s21">"high </span><span class="s31">water </span><span class="s16">catastrophes" </span><span class="s32">and abandoned, </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s53">first </span><span class="s21">time </span><span class="s25">for </span><span class="s28">four </span><span class="s41">centuries, </span><span class="s26">the </span><span class="s31">second </span><span class="s45">time never </span><span class="s34">to </span><span class="s31">be </span><span class="s35">rebuilt.</span></span></div>
<div class="p8" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span class="s35" style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="p13" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span class="s18">H. </span><span class="s19">Gams </span><span class="s18">and </span><span class="s33">R. </span><span class="s22">Nordhagen </span><span class="s37">showed, </span><span class="s28">with very </span><span class="s39">extensive </span><span class="s31">documentation, </span><span class="s46">that </span><span class="s34">at </span><span class="s26">these </span><span class="s24">two </span><span class="s28">time </span><span class="s39">dates the </span><span class="s26">lakes </span><span class="s16">of </span><span class="s18">Europe </span><span class="s32">were </span><span class="s47">tilted, </span><span class="s24">and </span><span class="s10">many </span><span class="s16">of </span><span class="s45">them, </span><span class="s36">like </span><span class="s25">Esssee </span><span class="s24">and </span><span class="s33">Federsee, </span><span class="s24">were </span><span class="s38">emptied </span><span class="s25">of </span><span class="s42">all </span><span class="s34">their </span><span class="s26">water. </span><span class="s3">The </span><span class="s34">Isartal </span><span class="s27">in </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s37">Bavarian </span><span class="s38">Alps </span><span class="s18">was </span><span class="s46">"violently </span><span class="s39">torn </span><span class="s28">out" </span><span class="s24">and </span><span class="s50">this </span><span class="s46">"in </span><span class="s45">very </span><span class="s16">recent </span><span class="s26">times"; </span><span class="s24">and </span><span class="s27">in </span><span class="s39">the Inntal </span><span class="s27">in </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s31">Tyrol </span><span class="s26">the </span><span class="s17">"many </span><span class="s37">changes </span><span class="s33">of </span><span class="s27">river </span><span class="s21">beds </span><span class="s39">are </span><span class="s50">in</span><span class="s39">dicative </span><span class="s33">of </span><span class="s24">ground </span><span class="s22">movements </span><span class="s18">on </span>a <span class="s26">great </span><span class="s27">scale." <b>(14)</b></span></span></div>
<div class="p13" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span class="s67" style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="p17" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span class="s18">H. </span><span class="s31">de </span><span class="s37">Terra </span><span class="s16">of </span><span class="s33">the </span><span class="s31">Carnegie </span><span class="s34">Institute </span><span class="s24">and </span><span class="s28">Peterson </span><span class="s25">of </span><span class="s18">Harvard </span><span class="s3">came </span><span class="s27">to </span><span class="s25">the </span>conclusion <span class="s39">that the </span><span class="s31">Himalayas, </span><span class="s34">in </span><span class="s26">violent </span><span class="s33">upheavals, </span><span class="s37">reached </span><span class="s41">their </span><span class="s33">present </span><span class="s18">form </span><span class="s32">and </span><span class="s25">height </span><span class="s41">in </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s21">age </span><span class="s25">of </span><span class="s18">man, </span><span class="s26">partly </span><span class="s38">even </span><span class="s46">in </span><span class="s26">the </span>time <span class="s16">of </span><span class="s38">advanced </span></span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">man. </span><span class="s3" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">The </span><span class="s43" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">same </span><span class="s21" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">conclusion </span><span class="s53" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">is </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">made </span><span class="s45" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">concerning </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">the </span><span class="s38" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Andes, </span><span class="s45" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">where, </span><span class="s41" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">too, </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">the </span><span class="s37" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">upheaval </span><span class="s29" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">must </span><span class="s38" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">have been </span><span class="s39" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">catastrophic. </span><span class="s33" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">In </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">the </span><span class="s45" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">age </span><span class="s33" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">of </span><span class="s19" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">man </span><span class="s33" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">the </span><span class="s22" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Andes </span><span class="s33" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">rose </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">many </span><span class="s31" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">thousands </span><span class="s28" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">of </span><span class="s27" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">feet </span><span class="s29" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">amid </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">volcanic </span><span class="s40" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">activity.</span></div>
<div class="p30" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span class="s40" style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="p6" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span class="s21">In </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s48">hills </span><span class="s33">of </span><span class="s32">Montreal </span><span class="s18">and </span><span class="s7">New </span><span class="s29">Hampshire </span><span class="s2">and </span><span class="s41">in </span><span class="s31">Michigan, </span><span class="s40">five </span><span class="s24">and </span><span class="s34">six </span><span class="s2">hundred </span><span class="s27">feet </span><span class="s32">above </span><span class="s25">sea </span><span class="s36">level, </span><span class="s37">bones </span><span class="s33">of </span><span class="s37">whales </span><span class="s32">have </span><span class="s24">been </span><span class="s21">found. In </span><span class="s10">many </span><span class="s25">places </span><span class="s29">on </span><span class="s16">the earth<span class="Apple-tab-span"> </span></span><span class="s18">on </span><span class="s47">all </span><span class="s16">continents<span class="Apple-tab-span"> </span></span><span class="s38">bones </span><span class="s28">of </span><span class="s25">sea </span><span class="s21">animals </span><span class="s18">and </span><span class="s33">polar </span><span class="s28">land </span><span class="s21">animals </span><span class="s24">and </span><span class="s46">tropical </span><span class="s45">animals </span><span class="s37">have </span><span class="s38">been </span><span class="s24">found </span>in <span class="s26">great </span><span class="s16">melees; </span><span class="s25">so </span>also in <span class="s25">the </span><span class="s43">Cumberland </span><span class="s29">Cave </span><span class="s39">in </span><span class="s29">Mary</span><span class="s28">land </span><span class="s32">and </span><span class="s34">in </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s2">Choukoutien </span><span class="s35">fissure </span><span class="s27">in </span><span class="s21">China, </span><span class="s24">and </span><span class="s34">in </span><span class="s13">Germany </span><span class="s2">and </span><span class="s43">Denmark. </span><span class="s18">Hippopotami </span><span class="s24">and </span><span class="s46">ostriches </span><span class="s32">were </span><span class="s24">found </span><span class="s16">together </span><span class="s45">with </span><span class="s27">seals </span><span class="s24">and </span><span class="s39">reindeer. </span><span class="s29">Wherever </span><span class="s11">we </span><span class="s33">turn </span><span class="s38">our </span><span class="s27">interest </span><span class="s18">from </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s16">Arctic </span><span class="s39">to </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s33">Antarctic </span><span class="s24">and </span><span class="s2">from </span><span class="s26">sunrise </span>to sunset, in <span class="s26">the </span><span class="s21">high </span><span class="s38">mountains </span><span class="s24">and </span><span class="s27">in </span><span class="s16">the </span><span class="s37">deep </span><span class="s46">seas </span><span class="s11">we </span><span class="s41">find </span><span class="s37">innumerable </span>signs <span class="s33">of </span><span class="s26">great </span><span class="s16">upheavals, ancient </span><span class="s2">and </span>recent.</span></div>
<div class="p6" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="p12" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span class="s1">A </span><span class="s46">circular </span><span class="s21">meteoric </span><span class="s26">crater </span><span class="s22">(Chubb </span><span class="s39">crater) </span><span class="s29">was </span><span class="s40">dis</span><span class="s45">covered </span><span class="s27">in </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s11">summer </span><span class="s33">of </span><span class="s2">1950 </span><span class="s46">in </span><span class="s45">northern </span><span class="s31">Labrador; </span><span class="s57">it </span><span class="s33">covers </span><span class="s24">an </span><span class="s33">area </span><span class="s16">of </span><span class="s21">four </span><span class="s45">square </span><span class="s41">miles. </span><span class="s56">It </span><span class="s49">is </span><span class="s10">much </span><span class="s39">larger </span><span class="s45">than </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s38">Arizona </span><span class="s34">crater, </span><span class="s2">which </span><span class="s49">is </span><span class="s28">four </span><span class="s50">fifths </span><span class="s25">of </span><span class="s28">a </span><span class="s21">mile </span><span class="s41">in </span><span class="s45">diameter </span><span class="s37">(two </span><span class="s41">thirds </span><span class="s33">of </span><span class="s28">a </span>square <span class="s33">mile </span><span class="s27">in </span><span class="s25">area); </span><span class="s38">whereas </span><span class="s26">the </span><span class="s32">Arizona </span><span class="s39">crater </span><span class="s45">could </span><span class="s22">accommodate </span><span class="s18">two </span><span class="s25">million </span><span class="s45">people </span><span class="s27">in </span><span class="s30">its </span><span class="s28">amphitheater, </span><span class="s26">the </span><span class="s13">Chubb </span><span class="s39">crater </span><span class="s45">could </span><span class="s46">ac</span><span class="s20">commodate </span><span class="s28">twelve </span><span class="s25">million people. </span><span class="s56">It </span><span class="s2">must </span><span class="s32">have </span><span class="s38">been </span><span class="s16">created </span><span class="s24">by </span><span class="s26">the </span><span class="s38">impact </span><span class="s28">of </span><span class="s24">an </span><span class="s41">asteroid. </span><span class="s32">According </span><span class="s39">to </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s28">published </span><span class="s21">opinion </span><span class="s33">of </span><span class="s25">geological </span><span class="s27">authorities, </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s26">asteroid </span><span class="s18">must </span><span class="s38">have </span><span class="s41">fallen </span><span class="s37">about </span><span class="s21">four </span><span class="s38">thousand </span><span class="s33">years </span><span class="s25">ago.</span></span></div>
<div class="p12" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span class="s25" style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="p22" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span class="s28">Following, </span><span class="s33">or </span><span class="s26">shortly </span><span class="s33">preceding, </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s28">discovery </span><span class="s16">of </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s13">Chubb </span><span class="s34">crater, </span><span class="s39">several </span><span class="s28">other </span><span class="s26">large </span><span class="s45">meteoric </span><span class="s46">craters </span><span class="s32">were </span><span class="s28">discovered </span><span class="s46">in </span><span class="s39">Australia, </span><span class="s21">Arabia, </span><span class="s18">and </span><span class="s38">Mexico. </span><span class="s20">The </span><span class="s39">tens </span><span class="s25">of </span><span class="s31">thousands </span><span class="s33">of oval </span><span class="s45">formations </span><span class="s29">on </span><span class="s25">the Atlantic coast </span><span class="s16">of </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s38">United </span><span class="s34">States, </span><span class="s39">especially </span><span class="s35">in </span><span class="s25">the Carolinas, </span><span class="s3">some </span><span class="s25">of </span><span class="s29">them </span><span class="s39">attaining </span><span class="s46">a </span><span class="s16">length of </span><span class="s45">a </span><span class="s2">few </span><span class="s16">miles each, </span><span class="s24">were </span><span class="s28">con</span><span class="s41">clusively </span><span class="s34">identified, </span><span class="s41">in </span><span class="s28">a </span><span class="s3">monograph </span><span class="s2">by </span><span class="s5">W. </span><span class="s39">F. </span><span class="s38">Prouty </span><span class="s45">(1952), </span><span class="s46">as </span><span class="s31">having </span><span class="s32">been </span><span class="s31">caused </span><span class="s24">by </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s42">fall </span><span class="s16">of </span><span class="s39">large meteorites.<b>(15)</b></span><span class="s57"><b> </b></span><span class="s4">And </span><span class="s50">finally, </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s41">largest </span><span class="s33">of </span><span class="s39">crater </span><span class="s38">forma</span><span class="s35">tions, </span><span class="s39">situated </span><span class="s34">in </span><span class="s22">Quebec </span><span class="s45">north </span><span class="s28">of </span><span class="s21">Sept Il</span><span class="s56">es, </span><span class="s27">in </span><span class="s32">Canada, </span><span class="s2">and </span><span class="s37">occupying </span><span class="s32">an </span><span class="s28">area of </span><span class="s18">680 </span><span class="s45">square </span><span class="s41">miles, </span><span class="s49">is </span><span class="s32">under </span><span class="s39">investigation </span><span class="s41">as </span><span class="s39">to </span><span class="s30">its </span><span class="s45">meteoric </span><span class="s39">origin </span><span class="s24">by </span><span class="s45">a </span><span class="s32">group </span><span class="s33">of </span><span class="s18">Mines Department </span><span class="s35">scientists </span><span class="s25">led </span><span class="s24">by </span><span class="s21">Dr. </span><span class="s11">M. </span><span class="s42">J. </span><span class="s50">S. </span><span class="s26">Innes.</span></span></div>
<div class="p33" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="p22" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span class="s11">Of </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s15">many </span><span class="s28">other </span><span class="s11">new </span><span class="s37">developments </span><span class="s46">in </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s36">field </span><span class="s16">of geology, </span><span class="s48">I </span><span class="s29">would </span><span class="s35">stress </span><span class="s3">some </span><span class="s28">of </span><span class="s26">the </span><span class="s34">results </span><span class="s21">obtained </span><span class="s32">by </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s31">radiocarbon </span><span class="s32">method. </span><span class="s3">The </span><span class="s21">time </span><span class="s33">of </span><span class="s26">the Ice </span><span class="s13">Age </span><span class="s49">is </span><span class="s13">moved </span><span class="s15">much </span><span class="s39">closer </span><span class="s41">to </span><span class="s38">our </span><span class="s46">time. </span><span class="s33">Instead </span><span class="s16">of </span><span class="s37">25,000 </span><span class="s16">years </span><span class="s41">as </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s33">terminal </span><span class="s16">date </span><span class="s25">of the </span><span class="s50">last </span><span class="s27">glacial </span><span class="s26">period, </span><span class="s62">it </span><span class="s30">is </span><span class="s22">shown </span><span class="s46">that </span><span class="s45">10,000 </span><span class="s26">or </span><span class="s31">11,000 </span><span class="s28">years </span><span class="s38">ago </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s35">ice </span><span class="s29">was </span><span class="s49">still </span><span class="s31">advanc</span><span class="s27">ing; </span><span class="s24">and </span><span class="s37">even </span><span class="s21">with </span><span class="s36">this </span><span class="s18">low </span><span class="s16">dating there </span><span class="s32">remain </span><span class="s21">"puz</span><span class="s46">zling </span><span class="s25">exceptions," <b>(16) </b></span></span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">among </span><span class="s43" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">them </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s26" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">finding </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span class="s24" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">mastodons </span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">and </span><span class="s5" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">mammoths </span><span class="s46" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">in </span><span class="s27" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">strata </span><span class="s21" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">only </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">3500 </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">years </span><span class="s34" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">old. </span><span class="s38" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">[More- </span><span class="s39" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">over, </span><span class="s28" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">organic </span><span class="s46" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">vestiges </span><span class="s27" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">in </span><span class="s26" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s35" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">drift </span><span class="s33" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span class="s39" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s36" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">last </span><span class="s39" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">glaciation </span><span class="s38" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">have been </span><span class="s24" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">found </span><span class="s41" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">to </span><span class="s21" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">be of </span><span class="s28" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">a </span><span class="s31" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">radiocarbon </span><span class="s21" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">age </span><span class="s33" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">pointing </span><span class="s41" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">to </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">a </span><span class="s45" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">time </span><span class="s29" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">3500 </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">years </span><span class="s26" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">ago.<b>(17)</b></span></span></div>
<div class="p22" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span class="s51" style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="p12" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span class="s24">Radiocarbon </span><span class="s46">analysis </span><span class="s28">of </span><span class="s56">oil </span><span class="s45">has </span><span class="s41">also </span><span class="s22">shown </span><span class="s46">that </span><span class="s27">in </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s26">deposits </span><span class="s33">of </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s2">Gulf </span><span class="s28">of </span><span class="s43">Mexico </span><span class="s26">the </span><span class="s21">age </span><span class="s33">of </span><span class="s48">oil </span><span class="s51">is </span><span class="s29">mea- </span><span class="s45">sured </span><span class="s27">in </span><span class="s31">thousands </span><span class="s16">of </span><span class="s46">years, </span><span class="s45">not </span><span class="s41">millions.<b>(18)</b> </span><span class="s45">This </span><span class="s25">destroys </span><span class="s16">the </span><span class="s43">main </span><span class="s2">argument </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s39">geologists </span><span class="s38">have </span><span class="s39">raised </span><span class="s25">against the </span><span class="s28">theory of </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s38">exogenous </span><span class="s39">origin </span><span class="s16">of </span><span class="s3">some </span><span class="s26">deposits </span><span class="s28">of </span><span class="s48">oil </span><span class="s24">(<u>Worlds </u></span><span class="s35"><u>in </u></span><span class="s41"><u>Collision</u>, </span><span class="s25">pp. </span><span class="s37">53-58, </span><span class="s45">369).</span></span></div>
<div class="p12" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span class="s45" style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="p19" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span class="s2">Hydrocarbons </span><span class="s38">have </span>been <span class="s27">identified </span><span class="s46">in </span><span class="s32">cometary </span><span class="s56">tails </span></span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">by </span><span class="s46" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">spectral </span><span class="s27" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">analysis; </span><span class="s46" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">also </span><span class="s45" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">carbohydrates </span><span class="s39" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">(edible </span><span class="s21" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">prod</span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">ucts).<b>(19)</b></span><span class="s44" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"> </span><span class="s24" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">But </span><span class="s21" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">here </span><span class="s14" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">we </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">are </span><span class="s28" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">already </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">outside </span><span class="s26" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s43" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">domain </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span class="s31" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">geology </span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">and </span><span class="s41" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">in </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s37" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">realm </span><span class="s33" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span class="s31" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">astronomy.</span></span></div>
<div class="p15" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span class="s31" style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="p25" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><i><span class="s5">Worlds </span><span class="s21">in </span>Collision <span class="s19">and </span><span class="s10">Recent </span><span class="s3">Finds </span><span class="s26">in </span><span class="s4">Astronomy</span></i></span></div>
<div class="p25" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span class="s4" style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="p34" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span class="s31">In </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s16">years </span><span class="s11">when </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s31">manuscript </span><span class="s25">of </span><u><span class="s24">Worlds </span><span class="s36">in </span><span class="s27">Colli</span><span class="s26">sion </span></u><span class="s43">was </span><span class="s46">in </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s32">hands </span><span class="s28">of </span><span class="s25">the </span>Macmillan <span class="s22">Company, </span><span class="s41">ac</span><span class="s21">cepted </span><span class="s25">for </span><span class="s16">publication </span><span class="s24">though </span><span class="s45">not </span><span class="s39">yet </span><span class="s21">published </span>(1946-</span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">49), </span><span class="s24" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">and </span><span class="s46" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">in </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s33" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">years </span><span class="s28" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">following </span><span class="s30" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">its </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">publication </span><span class="s35" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">in </span><span class="s32" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">1950 </span><span class="s39" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">several </span><span class="s32" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">fundamental </span><span class="s33" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">observations </span><span class="s32" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">were </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">made </span><span class="s24" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">and </span><span class="s39" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">ex</span><span class="s33" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">planations </span><span class="s26" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">offered </span><span class="s39" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">that </span><span class="s24" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">have </span><span class="s37" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">a </span><span class="s46" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">clear </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">bearing </span><span class="s24" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">on </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s45" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">theory </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span class="s39" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">that </span><span class="s37" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">book.</span></span></div>
<div class="p34" style="text-align: center;">
<span class="s37" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="p14" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span class="s17">The </span><span class="s33">zodiacal </span><span class="s36">light, </span><span class="s33">or </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s2">glow </span><span class="s28">seen </span><span class="s27">in </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s21">evening </span><span class="s45">sky </span><span class="s41">after </span><span class="s46">sunset, </span><span class="s26">stretching </span><span class="s46">in </span><span class="s33">the </span><span class="s31">path </span><span class="s16">of the </span><span class="s31">sun </span><span class="s2">and </span></span><span class="s33" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">other </span><span class="s26" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">planets </span><span class="s34" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">(ecliptic), </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">the </span><span class="s21" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">mysterious </span><span class="s39" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">origin </span><span class="s33" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">of </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">which </span><span class="s33" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">has </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">for </span><span class="s46" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">a </span><span class="s28" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">long time </span><span class="s31" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">occupied </span><span class="s39" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">the </span><span class="s24" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">minds </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">of </span><span class="s28" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">astronomers, has </span><span class="s37" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">been </span><span class="s33" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">explained </span><span class="s41" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">in </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">recent years </span><span class="s46" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">as </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">the </span><span class="s27" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">reflection </span><span class="s21" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">of </span><span class="s39" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">the </span><span class="s46" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">solar </span><span class="s40" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">light </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">from </span><span class="s24" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">two </span><span class="s46" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">rings </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">of dust </span><span class="s35" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">particles, </span><span class="s38" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">one </span><span class="s36" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">fol</span><span class="s31" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">lowing </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">the </span><span class="s41" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">orbit </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">of </span><span class="s37" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Venus, </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">the </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">other </span><span class="s21" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">an </span><span class="s27" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">orbit </span><span class="s32" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">between </span><span class="s22" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Mars </span><span class="s24" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">and </span><span class="s27" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Jupiter, </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">places </span><span class="s45" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">where, </span><span class="s21" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">according </span><span class="s46" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">to </span><u style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-large;"><span class="s2">Worlds </span><span class="s34">in </span></u><span class="s41" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><u>Collision,</u> </span><span class="s27" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">collisions </span><span class="s33" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">of </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">planets </span><span class="s38" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">and </span><span class="s46" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">a </span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">comet </span><span class="s45" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">took </span><span class="s46" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">place.</span></div>
<div class="p14" style="text-align: center;">
<span class="s46"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="p14" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span class="s3">The </span><span class="s46">origin </span><span class="s25">of </span><span class="s41">asteroids, </span><span class="s25">or </span><span class="s16">small </span><span class="s41">planets, </span><span class="s39">that </span><span class="s34">circle </span><span class="s32">between </span><span class="s26">Jupiter </span><span class="s32">and </span><span class="s37">Mars, </span><span class="s43">some </span><span class="s25">of </span><span class="s2">which </span><span class="s26">cross </span>the <span class="s46">orbit </span><span class="s16">of </span><span class="s22">Mars </span><span class="s24">and </span><span class="s37">even </span><span class="s46">that </span><span class="s16">of </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s27">earth, </span><span class="s28">has </span><span class="s35">lately </span><span class="s37">been </span><span class="s46">ex</span><span class="s16">plained </span><span class="s27">as </span>the <span class="s27">result </span><span class="s33">of </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s33">explosion </span>of <span class="s46">a </span><span class="s25">planet </span><span class="s24">and </span><span class="s22">more </span>recently <span class="s37">(1950) </span><span class="s41">as </span><span class="s16">the </span><span class="s27">result </span><span class="s33">of </span><span class="s27">a collision </span><span class="s38">between </span><span class="s18">two </span>planets <span class="s35">in </span><span class="s31">an </span>early <span class="s31">age </span><span class="s21">(Kuiper). </span><span class="s24">N. </span><span class="s16">T. </span><span class="s25">Bobrovnikoflf of </span><span class="s39">the </span><span class="s28">Perkins </span><span class="s37">Observatory </span>offered <span class="s43">anew </span><span class="s34">his </span><span class="s5">own </span><span class="s28">explana</span><span class="s41">tion </span><span class="s25">of </span>the <span class="s46">origin </span><span class="s39">of </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s46">asteroids: </span><span class="s33">they </span>are <span class="s38">"remnants </span><span class="s16">of </span>a <span class="s39">gigantic prehistoric </span><span class="s31">comet." </span><span class="s25">F. </span><span class="s37">Whipple, </span><span class="s29">upon </span><span class="s41">calculat</span><span class="s39">ing </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s27">orbits </span><span class="s25">of the </span><span class="s27">asteroids, </span><span class="s3">came </span><span class="s35">to </span><span class="s39">the </span><span class="s21">conclusion </span><span class="s31">(1950) </span><span class="s41">that </span><span class="s18">two </span><span class="s27">collisions </span><span class="s45">occurred </span><span class="s32">between </span>these <span class="s28">bodies </span><span class="s38">and </span>a <span class="s45">comet, </span><span class="s37">once </span><span class="s29">4700 </span><span class="s16">years </span><span class="s37">ago </span><span class="s32">and </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s37">second </span><span class="s45">time </span><span class="s32">1500 </span><span class="s16">years </span><span class="s25">ago, </span><span class="s28">or </span><span class="s33">within </span><span class="s27">historical </span><span class="s46">times. </span><span class="s32">These </span><span class="s25">dates </span><span class="s16">of </span><span class="s34">collision </span><span class="s35">in </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s41">solar </span><span class="s31">system </span>are <span class="s33">of </span><span class="s39">the </span><span class="s18">same </span><span class="s28">order </span><span class="s46">as </span></span><u><span class="s73" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">W</span><span class="s33" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">or</span><span class="s35" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Ids </span><span class="s36" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">in </span></u><span class="s41" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><u>Collision</u>, </span><span class="s32" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">deduced </span><span class="s26" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">there </span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">from </span><span class="s34" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">historical </span><span class="s21" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">evidence </span><span class="s32" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">and </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">testimony. </span><span class="s28" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">C. </span><span class="s22" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Tombaugh, </span><span class="s39" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">discoverer </span><span class="s26" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span class="s46" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Pluto, </span><span class="s28" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">explained </span><span class="s37" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">(1950) </span><span class="s39" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s31" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">dark </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">areas </span><span class="s38" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">and </span><span class="s39" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">canals of </span><span class="s22" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Mars </span><span class="s40" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">as </span><span class="s41" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">resulting </span><span class="s29" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">from </span><span class="s27" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">collisions </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span class="s43" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Mars </span><span class="s21" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">with </span><span class="s34" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">asteroids. </span><span class="s32" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">According </span><span class="s41" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">to </span><u><span class="s28" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Worlds </span><span class="s50" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">in </span></u><span class="s41" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><u>Collision</u>, </span><span class="s43" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Mars </span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">was </span><span class="s33" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">involved </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">in </span><span class="s28" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">repeated </span><span class="s27" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">collisions </span><span class="s28" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">with </span><span class="s39" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">large </span><span class="s32" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">cometary </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">masses. </span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span class="s26" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span class="s26" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Actually, </span><span class="s50" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">in </span><span class="s38" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">January </span><span class="s28" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">1950, </span><span class="s32" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">an </span><span class="s28" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">explosion </span><span class="s45" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">observed </span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">on</span></span></div>
<div class="p22" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span class="s22">Mars </span><span class="s2">was </span><span class="s26">interpreted </span><span class="s31">(by </span><span class="s32">Opik) </span><span class="s46">as </span><span class="s26">a </span><span class="s27">collision </span><span class="s28">with </span><span class="s31">an </span><span class="s27">asteroid; </span><span class="s28">clouds </span><span class="s25">of dust of </span><span class="s16">continental </span><span class="s31">dimensions </span><span class="s25">rose </span><span class="s32">and </span><span class="s28">screened </span><span class="s16">surface </span><span class="s39">features </span><span class="s16">of </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s46">planet.</span></span></div>
<div class="p22" style="text-align: center;">
<span class="s46"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="p13" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span class="s21">O. </span><span class="s28">Struve </span><span class="s25">of </span><span class="s38">Yerkes </span><span class="s28">Observatory, </span><span class="s21">reviewing </span><span class="s25">the achieve</span><span class="s32">ments </span><span class="s26">of </span><span class="s24">astronomy </span><span class="s21">during </span><span class="s28">1950, </span><span class="s37">wrote </span><span class="s46">that </span><span class="s32">"by </span>a <span class="s39">bizarre </span><span class="s21">coincidence" </span><span class="s34">in </span><span class="s46">that </span><span class="s28">year </span><span class="s21">"a </span><span class="s28">deluge </span><span class="s26">of </span><span class="s24">sound </span><span class="s21">papers" </span><span class="s2">on </span><span class="s41">"collisions </span><span class="s33">within </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s39">solar </span><span class="s31">system" </span><span class="s21">followed </span><span class="s2">on </span><span class="s25">the </span><span class="s39">heels </span><span class="s33">of </span><u><span class="s24">Worlds </span><span class="s35">in </span><span class="s41">Collision.</span></u></span></div>
<div class="p13" style="text-align: center;">
<span class="s41"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="p13" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span class="s32">There </span><span class="s26">are </span><span class="s2">two </span><span class="s39">theories </span><span class="s31">concerning </span><span class="s39">the origin </span><span class="s16">of </span>lunar <span class="s35">craters. </span><span class="s45">Their </span><span class="s40">size </span><span class="s51">is </span><span class="s29">enormous; </span><span class="s21">nothing </span><span class="s32">comparable </span><span class="s44">is </span><span class="s13">known </span><span class="s24">on </span><span class="s41">earth. </span><span class="s32">According </span><span class="s27">to </span><span class="s38">one </span><span class="s26">theory, these </span><span class="s46">craters are </span><span class="s39">the </span><span class="s34">result </span><span class="s33">of </span>a <span class="s27">collision </span><span class="s25">of </span><span class="s39">the </span><span class="s15">moon </span>with <span class="s21">very </span><span class="s39">large </span><span class="s26">meteorites, </span><span class="s25">of </span><span class="s39">the </span><span class="s35">size </span>of <span class="s41">asteroids; </span><span class="s21">according </span><span class="s35">to </span><span class="s39">the </span><span class="s16">other </span><span class="s39">theory, </span>they <span class="s25">are </span><span class="s33">volcanic </span><span class="s16">formations. </span><span class="s32">Both </span><span class="s39">theories </span><span class="s32">assume </span><span class="s21">very </span><span class="s26">violent </span><span class="s16">events </span><span class="s41">in </span><span class="s2">which </span><span class="s39">the </span><span class="s40">celestial </span><span class="s29">body </span><span class="s1">closest </span><span class="s2">to </span><span class="s3">the </span><span class="s4">earth </span><span class="s5">was </span>involved. <span class="s6">In </span><u><span class="s7">Worlds </span><span class="s8">in </span></u><span class="s9"><u>Collision</u> </span></span><span class="s1" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">I </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">offered </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s3" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">following </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">explanation </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s3" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">lunar </span><span class="s8" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">craters, </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">as </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">well </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">as </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">seas </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of lava </span><span class="s7" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">and </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s12" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">rifts </span><span class="s13" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">on </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s3" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">lunar </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">surface: </span><span class="s7" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">During </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the great catastrophes, </span><span class="s14" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">when </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s15" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">moon </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">together </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">with </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s17" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">terrestrial </span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">globe </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">passed </span><span class="s19" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">through </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">fabric </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of a great </span><span class="s5" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">comet </span><span class="s13" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">and </span><span class="s3" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">again </span><span class="s20" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">when, </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">in </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">eighth </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">century </span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">before </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">present </span><span class="s8" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">era, </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the earth </span><span class="s13" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">and </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s21" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">moon </span><span class="s20" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">were </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">strongly </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">perturbed </span><span class="s13" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">by </span><span class="s22" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Mars, </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">"the </span><span class="s13" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">moon's </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">surface </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">flowed </span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">with </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">lava </span><span class="s7" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">and </span><span class="s19" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">bubbled </span><span class="s23" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">into </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">great </span><span class="s23" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">circular </span><span class="s22" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">forma</span><span class="s17" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">tions, </span><span class="s13" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">which </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">rapidly </span><span class="s6" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">cooled </span><span class="s24" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">off </span><span class="s1" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">in </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s3" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">long </span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">lunar </span><span class="s1" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">night, </span><span class="s6" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">unprotected </span><span class="s20" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">by </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">an atmosphere </span><span class="s5" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">from </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">coolness </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">cosmic </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">spaces. </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">In </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">these </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">cosmic </span><span class="s26" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">collisions </span><span class="s13" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">and </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">near </span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">con</span><span class="s1" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">tacts </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">surface </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s27" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">moon </span><span class="s5" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">was </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">also </span><span class="s28" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">marked </span><span class="s13" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">by </span><span class="s17" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">clefts </span><span class="s13" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">and </span><span class="s29" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">rifts."</span></span></div>
<div class="p13" style="text-align: center;">
<span class="s29" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="p1" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span class="s26">If </span><span class="s11">the </span><span class="s23">circular </span><span class="s16">formations </span><span class="s13">on </span><span class="s11">the </span><span class="s30">moon </span><span class="s11">are these </span><span class="s6">bub</span><span class="s2">bles </span><span class="s13">which </span><span class="s9">collapsed, </span><span class="s16">then </span><span class="s22">probably </span><span class="s11">there </span><span class="s4">are smaller </span><span class="s16">bubbles </span><span class="s5">on </span><span class="s11">the </span><span class="s30">moon </span><span class="s23">that </span><span class="s20">have </span><span class="s16">not </span><span class="s11">yet </span><span class="s1">burst. </span><span class="s18">Dr. </span><span class="s7">H. </span><span class="s19">Percy </span><span class="s4">Wilkins, </span><span class="s11">the </span><span class="s18">English </span><span class="s10">selenographer, </span><span class="s9">actually </span><span class="s25">found </span><span class="s16">over </span><span class="s11">forty </span><span class="s20">unexploded </span><span class="s18">bubbles </span><span class="s10">or </span><span class="s31">domes </span><span class="s13">on </span><span class="s11">the </span><span class="s5">moon, </span><span class="s9">several </span><span class="s18">of </span><span class="s7">which </span><span class="s32">lie </span><span class="s23">to </span><span class="s4">the </span><span class="s10">northeast </span><span class="s4">of </span><span class="s22">Copernicus </span><span class="s26">crater; </span><span class="s9">the </span><span class="s2">largest </span><span class="s3">of </span><span class="s4">these </span><span class="s33">is </span><span class="s20">found </span><span class="s3">within </span><span class="s34">Darwin </span><span class="s23">crater </span><span class="s5">and </span><span class="s35">is </span><span class="s22">twenty </span><span class="s10">miles </span><span class="s2">hi </span><span class="s10">diameter, </span><span class="s6">according </span><span class="s2">to </span><span class="s25">an </span><span class="s17">article </span><span class="s13">by </span><span class="s9">F. </span><span class="s22">Benario </span><span class="s2">in </span><span class="s34"><i>Vega</i> </span><span class="s22">(1953).</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span class="s22"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="p3" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span class="s36">I </span><span class="s19">have </span><span class="s18">expressed </span><span class="s37">my </span><span class="s16">opinion </span><span class="s23">that </span><span class="s38">many </span><span class="s19">comets </span><span class="s9">are </span><span class="s4">of </span><span class="s10">recent </span><span class="s26">origin, </span><span class="s13">and </span><span class="s36">I </span>have <span class="s6">supported </span><span class="s39">this </span><span class="s19">view </span><span class="s20">by </span><span class="s26">refer</span><span class="s6">ence </span><span class="s23">to </span><span class="s4">the </span><span class="s6">frequency </span><span class="s7">and </span><span class="s3">luminosity </span><span class="s4">of </span><span class="s19">comets </span><span class="s8">in </span><span class="s9">the </span><span class="s6">days </span><span class="s18">of </span><span class="s10">imperial </span><span class="s40">Rome </span><span class="s23">in </span>comparison <span class="s26">to </span><span class="s9">the </span><span class="s31">number </span><span class="s11">of </span><span class="s25">comets </span><span class="s26">visible </span><span class="s9">to </span><span class="s11">the </span><span class="s25">unaided </span><span class="s16">eye </span><span class="s23">in </span><span class="s9">the </span><span class="s29">last </span><span class="s2">centuries.</span></span></div>
<div class="p3" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span class="s2" style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="p2" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span class="s6">This </span><span class="s18">notion </span><span class="s10">received </span><span class="s18">vigorous confirmation </span><span class="s8">in </span><span class="s9">the </span><span class="s4">extensive </span><span class="s28">work </span><span class="s20">on </span><span class="s25">comets </span><span class="s7">done </span><span class="s2">in </span><span class="s4">Soviet </span><span class="s18">Russia </span><span class="s19">by </span><span class="s11">a </span><span class="s3">leading </span><span class="s10">authority </span><span class="s7">on </span><span class="s11">the </span><span class="s2">subject, </span><span class="s3">Professor </span><span class="s39">S. </span><span class="s25">K. </span><span class="s4">Vsehsviat</span><span class="s2">sky. </span><span class="s19">His </span><span class="s3">research </span><span class="s9">reveals </span><span class="s23">that </span><span class="s10">periodic </span><span class="s3">comets, </span><span class="s1">as </span><span class="s9">ob</span><span class="s3">served </span><span class="s16">during </span><span class="s10">recent </span><span class="s3">decades, </span><span class="s4">are </span><span class="s23">losing </span><span class="s1">their </span><span class="s10">luminosity </span><span class="s13">and </span><span class="s1">their </span><span class="s6">matter </span><span class="s8">at </span><span class="s18">a </span><span class="s23">rate </span><span class="s4">so </span><span class="s3">rapid </span><span class="s2">that </span><span class="s36">fifty </span><span class="s4">or </span><span class="s8">sixty </span><span class="s4">revolutions </span><span class="s8">suffice </span><span class="s2">to </span><span class="s23">disintegrate </span><span class="s10">a </span><span class="s7">comet </span><span class="s4">completely. </span><span class="s28">Thus </span><span class="s11">the </span><span class="s22">Halley </span><span class="s5">comet </span><span class="s25">can </span><span class="s16">hardly </span><span class="s25">go back </span><span class="s13">beyond 3500 </span><span class="s23">years, </span><span class="s3">or </span><span class="s4">the </span><span class="s16">year </span><span class="s13">1500 </span><span class="s16">before </span><span class="s4">the </span><span class="s10">present </span><span class="s17">era. </span><span class="s3">In </span><span class="s11">the </span><span class="s29">last </span><span class="s16">century </span><span class="s9">several </span><span class="s25">comets </span><span class="s16">with </span><span class="s4">short </span><span class="s10">periods </span><span class="s22">have </span><span class="s26">failed </span><span class="s1">to </span><span class="s23">return, </span><span class="s22">having </span><span class="s18">apparently </span><span class="s8">lost </span><span class="s12">all </span><span class="s1">their </span><span class="s11">matter, </span><span class="s20">and </span><span class="s18">a </span><span class="s13">few </span><span class="s4">others </span><span class="s9">actually </span><span class="s41">fell </span><span class="s3">apart </span><span class="s18">before </span><span class="s11">the </span><span class="s4">eyes of </span><span class="s9">observers.</span></span></div>
<div class="p2" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span class="s9" style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="p3" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span class="s42">The </span><span class="s10">rapid </span><span class="s19">decay </span><span class="s16">of </span><span class="s25">comets </span><span class="s3">excludes </span><span class="s4">the </span><span class="s26">possibility </span><span class="s9">that </span><span class="s18">they </span><span class="s19">have </span><span class="s22">belonged </span><span class="s1">to </span><span class="s19">our </span><span class="s9">solar </span><span class="s6">system </span><span class="s13">from </span><span class="s11">the </span><span class="s10">beginning, </span><span class="s3">or </span><span class="s34">from </span><span class="s4">the </span><span class="s6">time </span><span class="s10">the </span><span class="s11">planets </span><span class="s25">were </span><span class="s22">formed.</span></span></div>
<div class="p3" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span class="s14">The </span><span class="s16">theory </span><span class="s23">that </span><span class="s2">sees </span><span class="s9">in </span><span class="s25">comets </span><span class="s18">bodies </span><span class="s2">that </span><span class="s4">arrived </span><span class="s5">from </span></span><span class="s3" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">other </span><span class="s23" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">solar </span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">systems </span><span class="s6" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">has </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">been </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">generally </span><span class="s19" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">abandoned. </span><span class="s20" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Vsehsviatsky </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">also </span><span class="s20" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">shows </span><span class="s21" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">why </span><span class="s43" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">we </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">must </span><span class="s26" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">reject </span><span class="s23" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">a </span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">theory </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">of </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">the </span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">capture </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">of </span><span class="s19" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">comets </span><span class="s7" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">from </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">a </span><span class="s44" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">cloud </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">of </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">dust </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">and </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">gases </span><span class="s6" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">through </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">which </span><span class="s22" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">our </span><span class="s23" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">solar </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">system </span><span class="s19" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">presumably </span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">passed </span><span class="s20" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">some</span><span class="s3" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">time </span><span class="s17" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">in </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">the </span><span class="s8" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">past. </span><span class="s30" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">He </span><span class="s34" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">comes </span><span class="s1" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">to t</span><span class="s23" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">he </span><span class="s3" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">conclusion </span><span class="s1" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">that </span><span class="s23" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">the </span><span class="s19" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">comets </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">were </span><span class="s19" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">born </span><span class="s24" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">in </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">eruptions </span><span class="s19" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">from </span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">planets, even </span><span class="s20" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">from </span><span class="s39" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">satellites </span><span class="s24" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">like </span><span class="s22" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">our </span><span class="s7" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">moon, whe</span><span class="s13" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">re </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">circular </span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">formations </span><span class="s24" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">in</span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">dicate </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">violent </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">events </span><span class="s39" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">in </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">the </span><span class="s8" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">past: </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">but </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">the </span><span class="s13" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">main </span><span class="s17" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">activity </span><span class="s19" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">must </span><span class="s22" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">have </span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">taken </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">place </span><span class="s20" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">on </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Jupiter </span><span class="s22" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">and </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Saturn. </span><span class="s23" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">the </span><span class="s19" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">major </span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">planets, </span><span class="s8" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">as </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">the </span><span class="s20" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">form </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">of the </span><span class="s26" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">orbits </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">of </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">the </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">short-period </span><span class="s22" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">comets </span><span class="s1" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">suggests. </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">This </span><span class="s45" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">is </span><span class="s1" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">a revival </span><span class="s6" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">o</span><span class="s46" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">f </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">the </span><span class="s3" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">theory </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">of </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">R. </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Proctor, </span><span class="s21" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">who </span><span class="s3" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">seventy </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">years </span><span class="s6" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">ago </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">ascribed </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">the </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">origin </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">of the </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">so-called </span><span class="s3" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Jovian </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">family </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">of </span><span class="s19" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">comets comprising</span><span class="s21" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"> </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">the </span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">major</span><span class="s41" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">ity </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">of </span><span class="s19" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">comets </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">of short </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">periods<span class="Apple-tab-span"> </span></span><span class="s8" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">to </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">eruptions </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">from </span><span class="s26" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Jupiter.</span></div>
<div class="p3" style="text-align: center;">
<span class="s26" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="p4" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span class="s42">The </span><span class="s9">gases </span><span class="s11">of </span>Jupiter <span class="s25">and </span><span class="s18">Saturn </span><span class="s9">are </span><span class="s39">in </span><span class="s2">violent </span><span class="s19">motion </span></span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">despite </span><span class="s8" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">their </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">low </span><span class="s3" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">temperatures: </span><span class="s23" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">yet </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s23" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">velocity </span><span class="s3" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">necessary </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">for </span><span class="s3" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">escape </span><span class="s13" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">from </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">major </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">planets </span><span class="s45" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">is </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">so great </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">(60 </span><span class="s17" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">kilo</span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">meters </span><span class="s3" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">per </span><span class="s22" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">second </span><span class="s19" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">from </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Jupiter) </span><span class="s1" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">that </span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Vsehsviatsky admits </span><span class="s3" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">not </span><span class="s7" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">knowing </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s34" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">mechanism </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">that </span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">could </span><span class="s39" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">in </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">conditions </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">presently prevailing </span><span class="s19" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">on </span><span class="s20" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">maior </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">planets </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">impart </span><span class="s39" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">this </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">velocity to </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s6" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">exploded </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">matter. </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Nevertheless, </span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Vsehsviatsky </span><span class="s39" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">in</span><span class="s41" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">sists </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">that </span><span class="s39" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">in </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">recent </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">past </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">conditions </span><span class="s20" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">on </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">these </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">planets </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">must </span><span class="s6" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">have </span><span class="s22" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">been </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">such </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">that </span><span class="s39" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">this </span><span class="s13" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">was </span><span class="s1" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">possible, </span><span class="s6" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">even </span><span class="s47" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">if </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">these </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">conditions </span><span class="s22" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">cannot </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">be </span><span class="s23" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">defined.</span></span></div>
<div class="p4" style="text-align: center;">
<span class="s23" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="p6" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span class="s30">He </span><span class="s6">emphasises </span><span class="s24">that, </span><span class="s22">by </span><span class="s9">casting </span>off <span class="s9">the </span><span class="s6">exploded </span><span class="s11">matter, </span><span class="s9">planets </span><span class="s25">must </span><span class="s22">have </span><span class="s20">changed </span><span class="s26">their </span><span class="s43">own </span><span class="s22">masses </span><span class="s25">and </span><span class="s10">conse</span><span class="s3">quently </span><span class="s26">their </span><span class="s17">orbits. </span><span class="s28">They </span><span class="s20">must </span><span class="s1">also </span><span class="s19">have </span><span class="s18">experienced </span>recoils.</span></div>
<div class="p6" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="p7" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span class="s11">In the </span><i>Publications <span class="s4">of </span><span class="s9">the </span><span class="s42">Kiew </span></i><span class="s6"><i>Observatory</i> </span><span class="s9">for </span><span class="s3">1953, </span><span class="s18">Vsehsviatsky </span><span class="s9">says </span><span class="s48">:</span></span></div>
<div class="p7" style="text-align: center;">
<span class="s34" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="p7" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span class="s34" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">"The </span><span class="s23" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">history </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of the </span><span class="s3" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">planetary </span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">system </span><span class="s7" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">was </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">characterized, </span><span class="s44" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">we </span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">assume, </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">by </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">definitely </span><span class="s34" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">more </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">rapid </span><span class="s6" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">changes </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">and </span><span class="s34" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">more </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">active </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">physical </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">processes </span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">than </span><span class="s6" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">appeared </span><span class="s42" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">when </span><span class="s3" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">only </span><span class="s23" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">gravitational </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">interrelations </span><span class="s1" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">in </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">solar </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">system </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">were </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">taken </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">into </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">account." <b>(19)</b></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">All </span><span class="s39" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">this </span><span class="s47" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">is </span><span class="s24" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">in </span><span class="s22" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">complete </span><span class="s31" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">harmony </span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">with </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">conclusions </span><span class="s26" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">at </span><span class="s20" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">which </span><span class="s36" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">I </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">arrived </span><span class="s8" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">in </span><u><span class="s13" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Worlds </span><span class="s17" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">in </span></u><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><u>Collision</u> </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">concerning </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s3" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">time </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">(a </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">few </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">thousand </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">years </span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">ago) </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s1" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">birth </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">comets </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">short </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">periods </span><span class="s13" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">and </span><span class="s1" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">their </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">origin </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">(by </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">eruption </span><span class="s7" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">from </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span></span><span class="s1" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">planets, </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">especially </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">the </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">major </span><span class="s23" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">planets). </span><span class="s20" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">There </span><span class="s32" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">I </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">also </span><span class="s23" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">ex</span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">plained </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">the </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">forces </span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">or </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">conditions </span><span class="s23" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">that </span><span class="s22" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">caused </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">the </span><span class="s20" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">major </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span class="s4">planets </span><span class="s23">to </span><span class="s26">eject </span><span class="s4">the </span><span class="s20">cometary </span><span class="s3">masses. </span><span class="s5">"The </span><span class="s2">[near] </span>collision <span class="s20">between major </span><span class="s11">planets </span><span class="s19">brought </span><span class="s22">about </span><span class="s11">the </span><span class="s23">birth </span><span class="s3">of </span><span class="s25">comets" </span></span><span class="s17" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">(p. </span><span class="s6" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">355). </span><br />
<span class="s52" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span class="s52" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Now </span><span class="s53" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">my </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">claim, </span><span class="s22" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">based </span><span class="s5" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">on </span><span class="s1" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">historical </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">material, </span><span class="s23" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">that </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">the </span><span class="s22" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">composition </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">of </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">the </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">solar </span><span class="s22" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">system </span><span class="s5" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">was </span><span class="s20" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">changed </span><span class="s26" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">in historical </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">times, </span><span class="s33" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">is </span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">given </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">the </span><span class="s6" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">support </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">of </span><span class="s3" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">observation </span><span class="s7" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">and </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">calculation.</span></div>
<div class="p14" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="p16" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span class="s44">The </span>electromagnetic <span class="s16">nature </span>of <span class="s4">the </span><span class="s9">universe, </span><span class="s20">deduced in </span><u><span class="s13">Worlds </span><span class="s8">in </span></u><span class="s9"><u>Collision</u> </span><span class="s5">from </span><span class="s10">a </span><span class="s26">series </span><span class="s10">of </span><span class="s1">historical </span><span class="s25">pheno</span><span class="s13">mena, </span><span class="s47">is </span><span class="s6">supported </span><span class="s7">by </span><span class="s6">another </span><span class="s8">series </span><span class="s10">of recent observa</span><span class="s8">tions.</span></span></div>
<div class="p16" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span class="s8" style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="p11" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span class="s44">At </span><span class="s7">Evans </span><span class="s4">Signal </span><span class="s19">Laboratory </span><span class="s3">of </span><span class="s9">the </span><span class="s25">United </span><span class="s23">States </span><span class="s27">Army </span></span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Signal </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Corps, </span><span class="s1" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">in </span><span class="s22" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Belmar, </span><span class="s53" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">New </span><span class="s23" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Jersey, </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">researchers </span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">con</span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">ducting </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">pioneer </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">experiments </span><span class="s7" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">on </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">reception </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">radar </span><span class="s6" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">echoes </span><span class="s5" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">from </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s54" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">moon </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">detected </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">noises </span><span class="s5" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">coming </span><span class="s7" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">from </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s23" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">sun. </span><span class="s13" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">These </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">noises </span><span class="s3" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">point </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">to </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">discharges of strong </span><span class="s1" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">potentials. </span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span class="s6" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span class="s6" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">In </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s36" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">fall </span><span class="s3" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">1947, </span><span class="s8" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">at </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s22" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">meeting </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">British </span><span class="s22" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">As</span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">sociation </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">for </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s31" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Advancement </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Science, </span><span class="s8" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Sir </span><span class="s42" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Edward </span><span class="s20" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Appleton </span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">reported </span><span class="s23" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">that </span><span class="s3" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">radio </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">noises </span><span class="s5" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">coming from </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">sun </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">coincide </span><span class="s6" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">with </span><span class="s23" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">solar </span><span class="s29" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">flares. </span></span></div>
<div class="p11" style="text-align: center;">
<span class="s29" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="p11" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span class="s20" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">According </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">to </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">him, </span><span class="s6" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">"a </span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">sunspot </span><span class="s33" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">is </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s13" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">most </span><span class="s19" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">powerful </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">ultra-short-wave </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">radio-station </span><span class="s5" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">known, </span><span class="s33" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">its </span><span class="s34" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">power </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">being </span><span class="s15" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">much </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">greater </span><span class="s22" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">than </span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">a </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">million </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">kilowatts." <b>(20)</b></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span class="s6" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span class="s6" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">In </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">1948 and 1949 </span><span class="s28" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Donald </span><span class="s7" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Menzel </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">produced </span><span class="s20" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">motion </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">pictures </span><span class="s3" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span class="s20" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">prominences </span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">or </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">explosions of </span><span class="s6" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">matter </span><span class="s20" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">on </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the sun; </span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">they </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">were </span><span class="s43" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">made </span><span class="s8" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">at </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Solar </span><span class="s22" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Observatory </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">in </span><span class="s6" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Climax, Colorado. </span><span class="s42" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">The </span><span class="s22" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">exploded </span><span class="s6" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">matter </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">rose </span><span class="s26" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">at </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">a </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">very </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">great </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">speed </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">to </span><span class="s31" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">immense </span><span class="s23" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">heights, </span><span class="s32" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">all </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s6" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">time </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">gaining </span><span class="s26" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">in </span><span class="s1" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">velocity, </span><span class="s13" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">and </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">then </span><span class="s19" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">descended </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">to </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">sun, </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">not </span><span class="s34" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">on </span><span class="s6" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">a </span><span class="s22" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">curved </span><span class="s6" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">path </span><span class="s26" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">as </span><span class="s23" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">a </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">mis</span><span class="s36" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">sile </span><span class="s5" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">would </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">do, </span><span class="s3" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">but </span><span class="s13" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">by </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">retreating </span><span class="s7" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">on </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">path </span><span class="s55" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">it </span><span class="s13" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">had </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">cov</span><span class="s23" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">ered, </span><span class="s20" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">comparable </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">to </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">a </span><span class="s23" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">missile </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">reversing </span><span class="s35" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">its </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">direction </span><span class="s13" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">and </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">returning </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">to </span><span class="s47" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">its </span><span class="s3" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">point </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">departure. </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Moreover, </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s23" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">velocity </span><span class="s3" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span class="s32" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">its </span><span class="s3" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">descent </span><span class="s5" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">was </span><span class="s6" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">without </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">acceleration </span><span class="s6" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">expected </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">in </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">a </span><span class="s32" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">fall, </span><span class="s13" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">and </span><span class="s24" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">this </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">too </span><span class="s5" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">was </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">in </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">violation </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">gravitational </span><span class="s5" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">me</span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">chanics.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="p18" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span class="s29">It </span><span class="s3">has </span><span class="s25">been </span><span class="s6">observed </span><span class="s23">that </span><span class="s43">when </span><span class="s6">protuberances </span><span class="s11">or </span><span class="s10">surges of </span><span class="s19">exploded </span><span class="s6">matter </span><span class="s34">on </span><span class="s4">the </span><span class="s22">sun </span><span class="s25">run </span><span class="s23">into </span><span class="s25">one </span><span class="s4">another, </span><span class="s22">both </span><span class="s10">of </span><span class="s34">them </span><span class="s1">recoil violently; </span><span class="s19">such </span><span class="s3">observation </span><span class="s5">was </span><span class="s43">made </span><span class="s7">by </span><span class="s40">McMath </span><span class="s7">and </span><span class="s22">Sawyer, </span><span class="s7">and </span><span class="s13">on </span><span class="s6">another </span><span class="s18">occasion </span><span class="s13">by </span><span class="s3">Lyot. </span><span class="s42">The </span><span class="s16">conclusion </span><span class="s31">drawn </span><span class="s34">by </span><span class="s3">E. </span><span class="s8">Pettit </span><span class="s10">of </span><span class="s43">Mount </span><span class="s16">Wil</span><span class="s22">son Observatory </span><span class="s25">(1951) </span><span class="s41">is </span><span class="s11">that </span><span class="s23">solar </span><span class="s16">protuberances </span><span class="s9">are </span><span class="s26">electrically </span><span class="s3">charged.</span></span></div>
<div class="p18" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span class="s3" style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="p18" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span class="s44">Above </span><span class="s9">the </span><span class="s6">protuberances </span><span class="s4">"the </span><span class="s16">coronal </span><span class="s9">structure </span><span class="s35">is </span><span class="s10">often </span><span class="s18">bent </span><span class="s23">into </span><span class="s9">the </span><span class="s5">form </span><span class="s18">of </span><span class="s20">an </span><span class="s9">arch, </span><span class="s25">sometimes </span><span class="s2">into </span></span><span class="s23" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">several </span><span class="s3" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">concentric </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">arches. </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">This </span><span class="s47" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">is </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">additional </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">evidence </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span></span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">the </span><span class="s8" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">electrical </span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">nature </span><span class="s3" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">of </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">the </span><span class="s19" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">prominences </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">[protuberances] </span><span class="s13" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">and </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">corona." (</span><span class="s56" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>21)</b></span></div>
<div class="p7" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span class="s56" style="font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></span></span></div>
<div class="p21" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span class="s18">In </span><span class="s9">the </span><span class="s10">configuration </span><span class="s3">of </span><span class="s9">the </span><span class="s25">cometary </span><span class="s11">nuclei </span><span class="s7">and </span><span class="s36">tails </span><span class="s11">there </span><span class="s7">was </span><span class="s20">found </span><span class="s13">"good </span><span class="s16">evidence </span><span class="s23">that </span><span class="s32">all </span><span class="s1">particles </span><span class="s9">in </span><span class="s4">the </span><span class="s7">comet </span><span class="s9">influence </span><span class="s4">the </span><span class="s20">motion </span><span class="s3">of </span><span class="s19">each </span><span class="s9">other," </span><span class="s20">and </span><span class="s11">the </span><span class="s3">con</span><span class="s23">figuration </span><span class="s10">of </span><span class="s9">the </span><span class="s18">streamers </span><span class="s8">in </span><span class="s9">the </span><span class="s36">tails </span><span class="s10">of </span><span class="s21">many </span><span class="s25">comets </span><span class="s11">"strongly </span><span class="s9">indicate </span><span class="s10">a </span><span class="s20">mutual </span><span class="s9">repulsion." </span><span class="s34">Thus </span><span class="s22">wrote </span><span class="s10">Pro</span><span class="s23">fessor </span><span class="s25">N. </span><span class="s10">T. </span><span class="s18">Bobrovnikoff, </span><span class="s9">director </span><span class="s11">of </span><span class="s23">the </span><span class="s18">Perkins </span><span class="s7">Ob</span><span class="s4">servatory<span class="Apple-tab-span"> </span></span>(195<span class="s17">1). <b>(22)</b></span><span class="s55"><span class="Apple-tab-span"> </span></span><span class="s41">It<span class="Apple-tab-span"> </span></span><span class="s34">was<span class="Apple-tab-span"> </span></span><span class="s1">also<span class="Apple-tab-span"> </span></span><span class="s11">calculated<span class="Apple-tab-span"> </span></span><span class="s2">that<span class="Apple-tab-span"> </span></span><span class="s9">the<span class="Apple-tab-span"> </span></span><span class="s24">re</span><span class="s4">pulsion of </span><span class="s9">the </span><span class="s36">tails </span><span class="s3">of </span><span class="s9">the </span><span class="s25">comets </span>by <span class="s2">the </span><span class="s22">sun </span><span class="s35">is </span><span class="s16">twenty </span><span class="s22">thousand </span><span class="s10">times stronger </span><span class="s18">than </span><span class="s9">the </span><span class="s23">gravitational </span><span class="s1">attraction, </span><span class="s25">and </span><span class="s4">the </span><span class="s10">implication </span><span class="s35">is </span><span class="s2">that </span><span class="s50">it </span>cannot be caused <span class="s25">by </span><span class="s9">the</span></span></div>
<div class="p21" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span class="s4">pressure </span><span class="s18">of </span><span class="s29">light, </span><span class="s23">as </span><span class="s10">previously thought, </span><span class="s20">and </span><span class="s2">that </span><span class="s8">elec</span><span class="s39">trical </span><span class="s4">repulsion </span><span class="s13">must </span>be <span class="s17">in </span><span class="s1">action. </span><span class="s38">From </span><span class="s23">spectral analysis </span><span class="s45">it </span><span class="s57">is </span><span class="s43">known </span><span class="s1">that </span><span class="s9">the </span><span class="s20">cometary </span><span class="s36">tails </span><span class="s7">do </span><span class="s18">not </span><span class="s4">shine </span>merely <span class="s20">by </span><span class="s26">reflected </span><span class="s29">light, </span><span class="s19">and </span><span class="s2">that </span><span class="s8">their light </span><span class="s47">is </span><span class="s3">not </span>caused <span class="s25">by </span><span class="s19">combustion </span><span class="s17">either, </span><span class="s3">but </span><span class="s25">most </span><span class="s6">probably </span><span class="s45">is </span><span class="s19">an </span><span class="s8">electrical </span><span class="s29">effect, </span><span class="s20">comparable </span><span class="s1">to </span><span class="s4">the </span><span class="s17">effect </span><span class="s11">of </span><span class="s10">a </span><span class="s11">Geissler </span><span class="s23">tube. <b>(23)</b></span></span></div>
<div class="p21" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span class="s56" style="font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></span></span></div>
<div class="p1" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span class="s4">In </span><span class="s18">order </span><span class="s1">to </span><span class="s10">explain </span><span class="s11">the </span><span class="s4">general </span><span class="s19">magnetic </span><span class="s39">field </span><span class="s3">of </span><span class="s9">the </span><span class="s17">terrestrial </span><span class="s23">globe, </span><span class="s18">Dr. </span><span class="s11">E. </span><span class="s3">C. </span><span class="s11">Bullard, </span><span class="s10">of </span><span class="s19">Great </span><span class="s26">Britain's </span></span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">National </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Physical </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Laboratory, </span><span class="s7" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">assumed </span><span class="s19" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">(1953) </span><span class="s8" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">elec</span><span class="s29" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">trical </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">currents </span><span class="s39" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">in </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">liquid </span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">metal </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">core of </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s1" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">earth.</span></span></div>
<div class="p1" style="text-align: center;">
<span class="s1" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="p7" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span class="s42">The </span><span class="s10">polar </span><span class="s17">lights </span><span class="s25">have </span><span class="s6">been </span><span class="s18">explained </span><span class="s25">by </span><span class="s10">various </span><span class="s1">scien</span><span class="s32">tists </span><span class="s2">as </span><span class="s8">electrical </span><span class="s18">charges </span><span class="s9">arriving </span><span class="s13">from </span><span class="s11">the </span><span class="s23">sun. </span><span class="s6">Follow</span><span class="s11">ing </span><span class="s10">disturbances </span><span class="s7">on </span><span class="s11">the </span><span class="s16">sun </span><span class="s11">there </span><span class="s57">is </span><span class="s19">an </span><span class="s25">immediate </span><span class="s10">disturbance </span><span class="s1">in </span><span class="s9">the </span><span class="s16">ionosphere </span><span class="s13">and </span><span class="s11">radio-transmission, </span><span class="s20">ground </span><span class="s23">currents, </span><span class="s13">and </span><span class="s9">the </span><span class="s19">magnetic </span><span class="s29">field </span><span class="s10">of </span><span class="s11">the </span><span class="s2">earth; </span><span class="s11">there </span><span class="s35">is </span><span class="s2">also </span><span class="s10">a </span><span class="s19">second </span><span class="s10">retarded </span><span class="s16">but </span><span class="s7">pronounced </span><span class="s4">reaction </span><span class="s6">about </span><span class="s11">twenty-five </span><span class="s22">hours </span><span class="s39">later, </span><span class="s13">and </span><span class="s4">auroral </span><span class="s2">displays.</span></span></div>
<div class="p7" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span class="s2" style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="p7" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span class="s10">In </span><span class="s19">1948 </span><span class="s6">Enrico </span><span class="s7">Fermi </span><span class="s18">explained </span><span class="s11">the </span><span class="s10">enigmatically </span><span class="s18">high charges </span><span class="s11">of the </span><span class="s19">cosmic </span><span class="s4">rays </span><span class="s1">as </span><span class="s10">a </span><span class="s26">result </span><span class="s4">of </span><span class="s9">the </span><span class="s2">positive </span><span class="s11">par</span></span><span class="s29" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">ticles </span><span class="s6" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">having </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">traveled </span><span class="s22" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">through </span><span class="s19" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">magnetic </span><span class="s39" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">fields </span><span class="s8" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">in </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">space. </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">In </span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">1951 </span><span class="s20" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Richtmyer </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">and </span><span class="s26" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Teller, </span><span class="s3" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">following </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">an </span><span class="s26" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">earlier </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">idea </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span class="s10">of </span><span class="s13">Swann, </span>explained <span class="s11">these </span>charges <span class="s23">as </span><span class="s11">originating </span><span class="s1">in </span><span class="s9">the </span><span class="s11">sun: </span><span class="s16">protons </span><span class="s20">and heavy </span><span class="s9">nuclei </span><span class="s16">could </span><span class="s19">be </span><span class="s10">accelerated </span><span class="s23">to </span><span class="s9">the </span></span><span class="s5" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">enormous </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">velocity </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span class="s6" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">cosmic-ray </span><span class="s1" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">particles </span><span class="s13" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">by </span><span class="s19" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">an </span><span class="s22" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">extended magnetic </span><span class="s39" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">field </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span class="s23" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">solar </span><span class="s26" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">origin. </span><span class="s13" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Both </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">theories </span><span class="s13" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">assume </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the existence </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span class="s19" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">magnetic </span><span class="s39" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">fields </span><span class="s8" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">in </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">space. </span><span class="s57" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">I </span><span class="s6" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">could </span><span class="s7" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">add </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">to </span><span class="s39" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">this </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">that </span><span class="s47" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">if </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the earth </span><span class="s35" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">is </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">a </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">negatively </span><span class="s19" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">charged </span><span class="s34" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">body </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">great</span></span></div>
<div class="p13" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span class="s6">energy </span><span class="s18">with </span><span class="s7">which </span><span class="s2">positive </span><span class="s3">charges </span><span class="s4">the </span><span class="s19">cosmic </span><span class="s11">rays </span><span class="s18">rush </span><span class="s25">toward </span><span class="s9">the </span><span class="s10">earth </span><span class="s47">is </span><span class="s4">not </span><span class="s26">in </span><span class="s10">the </span><span class="s17">least </span><span class="s10">enigmatic: </span><span class="s18">a </span></span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">negatively </span><span class="s22" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">charged </span><span class="s34" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">body </span><span class="s8" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">attracts </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">positive </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">charges.</span></div>
<div class="p7" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span class="s5" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"></span><span class="s5" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">At </span><span class="s43" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Mount </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Wilson </span><span class="s6" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Observatory </span><span class="s20" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Harold </span><span class="s7" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Babcock </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">de</span><span class="s6" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">termined </span><span class="s19" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">(1947) </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">that </span><span class="s31" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">some </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of the </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">fixed </span><span class="s8" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">stars </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">possess gen</span><span class="s1" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">eral </span><span class="s19" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">magnetic </span><span class="s39" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">fields </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">great </span><span class="s8" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">intensity. </span><span class="s5" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">(One </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s8" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">stars </span><span class="s5" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">was </span><span class="s13" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">found </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">to </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">reverse </span><span class="s35" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">its </span><span class="s23" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">polarity </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">every </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">nine </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">days </span><span class="s7" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">from </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">plus </span><span class="s5" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">7000 </span><span class="s3" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">gauss </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">to </span><span class="s7" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">minus 6300 </span><span class="s23" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">gauss. </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">This </span><span class="s38" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">may </span><span class="s19" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">be </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">under</span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">stood </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">as </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">a </span><span class="s23" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">sign that </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s8" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">star </span><span class="s45" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">is </span><span class="s1" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">rotating, </span><span class="s3" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">turning </span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">another </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">pole </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">to </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">us </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">every </span><span class="s3" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">nine </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">days. </span><span class="s28" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">The </span><span class="s8" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">star </span><span class="s20" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">shows </span><span class="s5" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">no </span><span class="s44" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Zeeman </span><span class="s17" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">effect in </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">between, </span><span class="s23" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">that </span><span class="s46" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">is, </span><span class="s42" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">when </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s3" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">observer </span><span class="s35" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">is </span><span class="s1" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">in </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">plane </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">equatorial </span><span class="s8" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">belt </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s29" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">star, </span><span class="s39" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">in </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s5" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">same </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">posi</span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">tion </span><span class="s17" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">in </span><span class="s13" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">which </span><span class="s44" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">we </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">are </span><span class="s19" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">permanently </span><span class="s24" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">in </span><span class="s1" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">relation to </span><span class="s22" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">our </span><span class="s23" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">sun. <b>(24</b></span><span class="s46" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b>)</b></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span class="s46" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="p11" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span class="s42">By </span><span class="s20">1952 </span><span class="s9">the </span><span class="s13">Royal </span><span class="s19">Astronomer, </span><span class="s26">Sir </span><span class="s20">Harold </span><span class="s22">Spencer </span><span class="s11">Jones, </span><span class="s3">estimated </span><span class="s2">that </span><span class="s19">magnetic </span><span class="s11">properties </span><span class="s25">were </span><span class="s9">established </span><span class="s26">in </span><span class="s28">more </span><span class="s6">than </span><span class="s25">one </span><span class="s13">hundred </span><span class="s29">stars, </span><span class="s25">and </span><span class="s23">the </span><span class="s42">number </span><span class="s4">of </span><span class="s1">identified </span><span class="s19">magnetic </span><span class="s26">stars </span><span class="s57">is </span><span class="s11">rapidly </span><span class="s3">growing.</span></span></div>
<div class="p11" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span class="s3" style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="p4" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span class="s11">Several </span><span class="s4">years </span><span class="s19">ago </span><span class="s18">Dr. </span><span class="s47">J. </span><span class="s29">S. </span><span class="s23">Hall, </span><span class="s4">of </span><span class="s9">the </span><span class="s19">United </span><span class="s23">States </span><span class="s13">Naval </span><span class="s18">Observatory, </span><span class="s13">and </span><span class="s18">Dr. </span><span class="s14">W. </span><span class="s2">Hiltner, </span><span class="s11">of </span><span class="s25">Yerkes </span><span class="s5">Ob</span><span class="s9">servatory, </span><span class="s25">found </span><span class="s23">that </span><span class="s11">the </span><span class="s24">light </span><span class="s13">from </span><span class="s9">certain </span><span class="s8">stars </span><span class="s35">is </span><span class="s11">strongly </span><span class="s9">polarized. </span><span class="s36">It </span><span class="s5">was </span><span class="s6">surmised </span><span class="s23">that </span><span class="s26">starlight </span><span class="s7">must </span><span class="s4">pass </span><span class="s22">through </span><span class="s1">particles </span><span class="s10">of </span><span class="s19">magnetized </span><span class="s17">interstellar </span><span class="s1">dust. </span><span class="s42">The </span><span class="s3">question </span><span class="s23">raised </span><span class="s5">was </span><span class="s15">why </span><span class="s23">the </span><span class="s1">particles </span><span class="s4">of </span><span class="s10">dust </span><span class="s6">should </span><span class="s41">all </span><span class="s16">be </span><span class="s4">oriented </span><span class="s1">in </span><span class="s9">the </span><span class="s34">same </span><span class="s9">direction </span><span class="s2">as </span><span class="s26">their </span><span class="s19">magnetic </span><span class="s1">axes. </span><span class="s13">However, </span><span class="s33">if </span><span class="s9">these </span><span class="s18">clouds </span><span class="s10">of </span><span class="s4">dust </span><span class="s9">are </span><span class="s26">electrically </span><span class="s22">charged </span><span class="s20">and </span><span class="s26">in </span><span class="s16">motion, </span><span class="s9">the </span><span class="s40">common </span><span class="s19">magnetic </span><span class="s11">orientation </span><span class="s4">of </span><span class="s11">these </span><span class="s1">particles </span><span class="s35">is </span><span class="s16">only </span><span class="s23">natural.</span></span></div>
<div class="p4" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span class="s23" style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="p24" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span class="s11">In </span><span class="s25">June </span><span class="s20">1950 </span><span class="s43">W. </span><span class="s5">Baade </span><span class="s10">of </span>Palomar <span class="s13">and </span><span class="s23">L. </span><span class="s9">Spitzer </span><span class="s4">of </span></span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Princeton </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">offered </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">a </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">theory </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span class="s23" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">colliding </span><span class="s1" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">galaxies. </span><span class="s14" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">By </span><span class="s42" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">No</span><span class="s5" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">vember </span><span class="s3" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">1952 </span><span class="s45" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">it </span><span class="s5" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">was </span><span class="s26" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">definitely </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">spoken </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">as </span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">"a </span><span class="s8" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">titanic </span><span class="s26" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">collision </span><span class="s3" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span class="s13" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">two </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">giant </span><span class="s8" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">star </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">clusters" </span><span class="s22" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">behind </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">constellation </span><span class="s34" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Cygnus </span><span class="s13" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">(Swan) </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s20" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Milky </span><span class="s28" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Way.</span></span></div>
<div class="p24" style="text-align: center;">
<span class="s28" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="p1" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span class="s28">The </span><span class="s1">fact </span><span class="s4">of </span><span class="s11">the "big </span><span class="s18">crash" </span><span class="s5">was </span><span class="s11">substantiated </span><span class="s13">by </span><span class="s4">strong </span></span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">evidence </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">radio </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">noises </span><span class="s5" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">coming </span><span class="s13" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">from </span><span class="s7" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">beyond </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s20" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Milky </span><span class="s59" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Way </span><span class="s20" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">and </span><span class="s17" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">sifting </span><span class="s19" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">through </span><span class="s60" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">it. </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Galaxies, </span><span class="s22" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">each </span><span class="s1" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">as </span><span class="s23" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">large </span><span class="s1" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">as </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s7" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Milky </span><span class="s31" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Way, </span><span class="s3" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">with </span><span class="s22" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">numberless </span><span class="s29" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">stars, </span><span class="s20" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">were </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">riding </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">one </span></span><span class="s22" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">through </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">another, </span><span class="s23" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">colliding </span><span class="s13" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">and </span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">sending </span><span class="s3" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">out </span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">a </span><span class="s8" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">terrible </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">S.O.S. </span><span class="s22" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">through </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">the </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">universe </span><span class="s26" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">in </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">the </span><span class="s5" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">form </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">of </span><span class="s6" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">anguished<b> </b></span><span class="s3" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">radio </span><span class="s1" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">noises. </span><span class="s13" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">These </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">signals </span><span class="s7" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">were </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">interpreted </span><span class="s28" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">by </span><span class="s34" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Baade </span><span class="s7" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">and </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">K. </span><span class="s34" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Minkowski </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">as </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">the </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">reverberations of crashes </span><span class="s31" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">on </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">a </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">galac</span><span class="s39" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">tic </span><span class="s8" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">scale. </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">After </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">millions of </span><span class="s3" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">years </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">of </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">traveling </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">with </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">the </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">velocity </span><span class="s3" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">of </span><span class="s24" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">light, </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">these </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">signals </span><span class="s19" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">reached </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">our </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">radio-telescopes as </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">clearly </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">audible </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">noises. </span><span class="s42" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">They </span><span class="s17" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">left </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">the </span><span class="s3" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">place of the </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">catas</span><span class="s6" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">trophe </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">so </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">long </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">ago, </span><span class="s17" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">yet, </span><span class="s22" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">because </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">of </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">the </span><span class="s20" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">magnitude </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">of </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">galaxies, </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">the </span><span class="s1" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">collision </span><span class="s47" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">is </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">possibly </span><span class="s33" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">still </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">going </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">on. </span><span class="s42" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">The </span><span class="s39" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">sig</span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">nals </span><span class="s23" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">that </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">are </span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">emitted </span><span class="s19" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">today </span><span class="s1" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">will </span><span class="s6" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">reach </span><span class="s22" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">our </span><span class="s23" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">solar </span><span class="s6" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">system </span><span class="s43" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">when </span><span class="s19" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">our </span><span class="s22" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">sun </span><span class="s30" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">may </span><span class="s20" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">have </span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">already </span><span class="s6" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">turned </span><span class="s23" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">into </span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">a </span><span class="s13" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">dwarf </span><span class="s26" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">star </span><span class="s5" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">and </span><span class="s22" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">our </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">planet </span><span class="s23" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">into </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">clouds </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">of </span><span class="s1" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">dust.</span><br />
<span class="s1" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="p16" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span class="s14">Not </span><span class="s16">only </span><span class="s9">the </span><span class="s2">fact </span><span class="s16">of </span><span class="s4">the </span><span class="s1">collision </span>of <span class="s11">galaxies </span><span class="s1">startled </span><span class="s9">the </span><span class="s18">astronomers, </span><span class="s16">but </span><span class="s19">even </span><span class="s42">more </span><span class="s4">the </span><span class="s38">medium </span><span class="s25">through </span><span class="s13">which </span><span class="s50">it </span><span class="s31">became </span><span class="s34">known: </span><span class="s4">the </span><span class="s23">colliding </span><span class="s9">galaxies </span><span class="s22">send </span>electromag<span class="s9">netic </span><span class="s26">signals, </span><span class="s4">thus </span><span class="s18">evidencing </span><span class="s10">the </span><span class="s18">electromagnetic </span><span class="s9">structure </span><span class="s3">of </span><span class="s9">galaxies </span><span class="s13">and </span><span class="s3">of </span><span class="s4">the </span><span class="s16">very </span><span class="s18">space </span><span class="s3">of </span><span class="s10">the </span><span class="s9">universe.</span></span></div>
<div class="p16" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span class="s9" style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="p18" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span class="s38">By </span><span class="s7">August </span><span class="s22">1953 </span><span class="s10">the </span><span class="s18">statement </span><span class="s28">was </span><span class="s43">made </span><span class="s9">that </span><span class="s18">another </span><span class="s8">celestial </span><span class="s3">host </span><span class="s11">of </span><span class="s8">stars </span><span class="s34">was </span><span class="s16">charging </span><span class="s28">on </span><span class="s23">a </span><span class="s26">rival </span><span class="s18">galaxy </span><span class="s26">in </span><span class="s10">the </span><span class="s11">direction </span><span class="s18">of </span><span class="s9">the </span><span class="s6">sky </span><span class="s7">where </span><span class="s21">we </span><span class="s11">see </span><span class="s4">the </span><span class="s7">Crab </span><span class="s6">nebula </span><span class="s7">and </span><span class="s23">that </span><span class="s57">still </span><span class="s16">another </span><span class="s1">collision </span><span class="s34">was </span><span class="s6">going </span><span class="s5">on </span><span class="s19">behind </span><span class="s11">the </span><span class="s9">constellation </span><span class="s4">Cassiopeia.</span></span></div>
<div class="p18" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span class="s4" style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="p7" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span class="s16">In </span><span class="s4">the </span><span class="s14">March </span><span class="s22">1951 </span><span class="s1">issue </span><span class="s10">of </span><span class="s63"><i>RCA </i></span><span class="s22"><i>Review</i>, </span><span class="s13">John H. </span><span class="s16">Nel</span><span class="s22">son </span><span class="s10">of </span><span class="s4">the </span><span class="s18">engineering </span><span class="s25">department </span><span class="s3">of </span><span class="s64">RCA </span><span class="s42">Communica</span><span class="s8">tions, </span><span class="s17">Inc., </span><span class="s5">announced </span><span class="s10">the </span><span class="s26">results </span><span class="s18">of </span><span class="s9">several </span><span class="s4">years </span><span class="s3">of </span><span class="s11">careful </span><span class="s10">observations </span><span class="s5">on </span><span class="s4">the </span><span class="s20">dependence </span><span class="s10">of regular radio </span><span class="s3">transmission </span><span class="s13">on </span><span class="s11">the position of </span><span class="s10">planets </span><span class="s8">in </span><span class="s4">the </span><span class="s23">solar </span><span class="s4">system. </span><span class="s40">He </span><span class="s34">drew </span><span class="s16">graphs </span><span class="s25">and </span><span class="s18">wrote: </span><span class="s8">"It </span><span class="s19">can </span><span class="s20">be </span><span class="s11">readily </span><span class="s18">seen </span><span class="s5">from </span><span class="s4">these </span><span class="s6">graphs </span><span class="s23">that </span><span class="s10">disturbed conditions </span><span class="s42">show </span><span class="s5">good </span><span class="s23">correlation </span><span class="s16">with </span><span class="s3">planetary </span><span class="s9">configurations </span><span class="s59">... </span><span class="s41">It </span><span class="s57">is </span><span class="s26">definitely </span><span class="s42">shown </span><span class="s9">that </span><span class="s22">each </span><span class="s10">of the </span><span class="s17">six </span><span class="s4">planets </span><span class="s10">studied </span><span class="s33">is </span><span class="s1">effective in </span></span><span class="s42" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">some </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">configurations." </span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span class="s14" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span class="s14" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">The </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">press </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">reported: </span><span class="s19" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">"Evidence </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">a </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">strange </span><span class="s13" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">and </span><span class="s22" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">unex</span><span class="s3" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">plained </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">correlation </span><span class="s20" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">between </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">positions </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span class="s1" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Jupiter, </span><span class="s22" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Saturn </span><span class="s7" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">and </span><span class="s31" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Mars </span><span class="s1" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">in </span><span class="s26" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">their </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">orbits </span><span class="s13" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">around </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s19" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">sun </span><span class="s13" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">and </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">presence </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">violent </span><span class="s8" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">electrical </span><span class="s3" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">disturbances </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">in </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s1" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">earth's </span><span class="s20" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">upper </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">atmosphere </span><span class="s65" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">.<span class="Apple-tab-span"> </span></span><span class="s66" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">.<span class="Apple-tab-span"> </span></span><span class="s65" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">.<span class="Apple-tab-span"> </span></span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">seems </span><span class="s23" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">to </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">indicate </span><span class="s17" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">[that] </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">planets </span><span class="s5" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">and </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s19" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">sun </span><span class="s3" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">share </span><span class="s1" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">in </span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">a </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">cosmic </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">electrical-balance </span><span class="s7" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">mechan</span><span class="s22" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">ism </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">that </span><span class="s3" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">extends </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">a </span><span class="s1" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">billion </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">miles </span><span class="s5" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">from </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the center </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span class="s6" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">our </span><span class="s23" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">solar </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">system. </span><span class="s13" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Such </span><span class="s3" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">an </span><span class="s8" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">electrical </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">balance </span><span class="s35" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">is </span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">not </span><span class="s22" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">accounted </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">for </span><span class="s26" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">in </span><span class="s3" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">current </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">astrophysical </span><span class="s23" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">theories." <b>(25)</b></span></span></div>
<div class="p7" style="text-align: center;">
<span class="s57" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="p7" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span class="s19" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Short-wave </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">frequencies </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">are </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">disturbed </span><span class="s14" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">when </span><span class="s1" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Jupiter, </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Saturn, </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">and </span><span class="s42" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Mars </span><span class="s8" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">line </span><span class="s34" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">up </span><span class="s23" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">either </span><span class="s1" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">in </span><span class="s23" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">a </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">straight </span><span class="s8" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">line </span><span class="s3" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">or </span><span class="s24" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">at </span><span class="s23" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">right </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">angles </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">to </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">one </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">another. </span></span><span class="s13" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Nelson </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">emphasized </span><span class="s23" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">that </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">the </span><span class="s44" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">phenomenon </span><span class="s39" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">"is </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">not </span><span class="s13" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">due </span><span class="s23" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">to gravitational </span><span class="s26" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">effect </span><span class="s3" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">or </span><span class="s17" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">tidal </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">pulls </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">between </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">planets </span><span class="s20" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">and </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">the sun." </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Actually, </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">the </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">phe</span><span class="s43" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">nomenon </span><span class="s23" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">indicates </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">that </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">the </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">planets are </span><span class="s26" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">electrically </span><span class="s22" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">charged </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">bodies.</span></div>
<div class="p7" style="text-align: center;">
<span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="p2" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span class="s11">In </span><span class="s24">this </span><span class="s10">connection, </span><span class="s4">the older </span><span class="s18">theory </span><span class="s3">of </span><span class="s10">a </span><span class="s2">direct </span><span class="s18">but </span><span class="s6">unexplained </span><span class="s23">relation </span><span class="s25">between </span><span class="s11">the </span><span class="s4">revolution </span><span class="s10">of </span><span class="s9">Jupiter </span><span class="s20">and </span><span class="s11">the </span><span class="s16">sunspot </span><span class="s11">cycle </span><span class="s35">is </span><span class="s10">seen </span><span class="s26">in </span><span class="s6">a </span><span class="s42">new </span><span class="s29">light. </span><span class="s11">Also, </span><span class="s4">the </span><span class="s3">observation </span><span class="s4">of </span><span class="s23">Stetson, </span><span class="s10">of </span><span class="s4">the </span><span class="s16">Massachusetts </span><span class="s26">Institute </span><span class="s4">of </span><span class="s22">Technology, </span><span class="s23">that </span><span class="s11">the </span><span class="s30">moon </span><span class="s17">affects </span><span class="s10">radio reception </span><span class="s57">it </span><span class="s35">is </span><span class="s10">twice </span><span class="s2">as </span><span class="s7">good </span><span class="s44">when </span><span class="s4">the </span><span class="s15">moon </span><span class="s47">is </span><span class="s25">under </span><span class="s4">the </span><span class="s16">horizon </span><span class="s2">as </span><span class="s31">when </span><span class="s55">it </span><span class="s35">is </span><span class="s19">overhead </span><span class="s3">belongs </span><span class="s26">in </span><span class="s9">the </span><span class="s5">same </span><span class="s18">category </span><span class="s1">as </span><span class="s3">Nelson's observation of </span><span class="s10">planetary </span><span class="s9">influences </span><span class="s13">on </span><span class="s9">the </span><span class="s11">iono</span></span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">sphere. </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Stetson </span><span class="s22" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">thought </span><span class="s24" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">this </span><span class="s8" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">effect </span><span class="s5" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">was </span><span class="s6" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">caused </span><span class="s20" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">by </span><span class="s28" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">some </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">radiation </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">emanating </span><span class="s5" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">from </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s34" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">moon, </span><span class="s23" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">for </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">a </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">neutral </span><span class="s15" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">moon </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">could </span><span class="s3" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">not </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">produce </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">phenomenon. </span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span class="s14" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span class="s14" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">By </span><span class="s19" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">1953 </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the strange </span><span class="s1" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">fact </span><span class="s7" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">was </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">established </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">that </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s23" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">solar </span><span class="s8" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">tides </span><span class="s24" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">in </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s1" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">earth's </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">atmosphere </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">are </span><span class="s23" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">sixteen </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">times </span><span class="s34" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">more </span><span class="s6" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">powerful </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">than </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s3" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">lunar </span><span class="s26" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">tides </span><span class="s8" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">in </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">atmosphere, </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">a </span><span class="s1" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">fact </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">in </span><span class="s19" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">complete </span><span class="s26" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">conflict </span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">with </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s17" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">tidal </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">theory, </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">according </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">to </span><span class="s20" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">which </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">action </span><span class="s3" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s38" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">moon </span><span class="s7" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">on </span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">oceanic </span><span class="s26" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">tides </span><span class="s33" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">is </span><span class="s23" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">several </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">times </span><span class="s31" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">more </span><span class="s22" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">powerful </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">than </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">that </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s23" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">sun. </span><span class="s31" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">The </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">fifty-fold </span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">discrepancy </span><span class="s47" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">is </span><span class="s57" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">still </span><span class="s6" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">without an </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">acceptable </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">explanation.</span></span></div>
<div class="p2" style="text-align: center;">
<span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="p4" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span class="s20">These </span><span class="s11">are </span><span class="s16">only </span><span class="s10">a </span><span class="s13">few </span><span class="s3">of </span><span class="s9">the </span><span class="s4">recent </span><span class="s9">discoveries </span><span class="s2">that </span></span><span class="s44" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">make </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">a </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">revision </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of the </span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">mechanistic </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">concept </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s23" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">universe</span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"> </span><span class="s19" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">mandatory. </span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Exactly because </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s6" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">accuracy </span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">achieved </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">without </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">reck</span><span class="s6" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">oning </span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">with </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">forces </span><span class="s23" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">that </span><span class="s22" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">appear </span><span class="s26" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">to </span><span class="s29" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">exist, </span><span class="s24" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">celestial </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">mechanics, </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">a </span><span class="s1" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">solid </span><span class="s31" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">work </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">great </span><span class="s22" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">mathematical </span><span class="s13" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">minds </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">for </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">almost </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">three </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">centuries, </span><span class="s15" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">may </span><span class="s7" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">seem </span><span class="s22" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">even </span><span class="s31" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">more </span><span class="s17" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">in </span><span class="s19" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">need </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span class="s6" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">such </span><span class="s1" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">revision. </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">All </span><span class="s17" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">this </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">has </span><span class="s33" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">little </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">direct </span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">bearing </span><span class="s5" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">on </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">story </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><u><span class="s20" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Worlds </span><span class="s24" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">in </span></u><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><u>Collision</u>, </span><span class="s13" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">which </span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">claims </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">only </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s32" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">effect </span><span class="s1" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">to </span><span class="s22" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">be </span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">expected </span><span class="s57" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">if </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">a </span><span class="s19" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">magnetic </span><span class="s5" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">body </span><span class="s8" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">like </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">earth </span><span class="s6" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">should </span><span class="s44" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">come </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">very </span><span class="s23" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">close </span><span class="s1" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">to </span><span class="s6" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">another </span><span class="s19" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">magnetic </span><span class="s6" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">body. </span><span class="s36" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">It </span><span class="s5" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">was </span><span class="s67" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">my </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">skepticism </span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">concern</span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">ing </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s24" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">infallibility </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s17" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">celestial </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">mechanics, </span><span class="s13" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">which </span><span class="s17" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">as</span><span class="s7" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">sumes </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s17" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">celestial </span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">bodies </span><span class="s23" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">to </span><span class="s22" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">be </span><span class="s26" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">electrically </span><span class="s13" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">and </span><span class="s19" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">magnet</span><span class="s8" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">ically </span><span class="s12" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">sterile, </span><span class="s23" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">that </span><span class="s5" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">was </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s1" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">real </span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">cause </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">emotional </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">outburst.</span></span></div>
<div class="p4" style="text-align: center;">
<span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="p2" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span class="s16">Let </span><span class="s4">us </span><span class="s10">think </span><span class="s3">of </span><span class="s18">a binary </span><span class="s3">or </span><span class="s22">double </span><span class="s29">star; </span><span class="s6">both </span><span class="s8">stars </span><span class="s10">revolve </span><span class="s13">around </span><span class="s22">each </span><span class="s3">other </span><span class="s10">or </span><span class="s11">a </span><span class="s27">common </span><span class="s2">center. </span><span class="s68">A </span><span class="s1">half- </span><span class="s4">revolution </span><span class="s3">period </span><span class="s4">of </span><span class="s18">a </span><span class="s20">few </span><span class="s6">days </span><span class="s3">or only </span><span class="s6">hours </span><span class="s57">is </span><span class="s34">com</span><span class="s5">mon. </span><span class="s6">Let </span><span class="s10">us </span><span class="s7">assume </span><span class="s23">that </span><span class="s4">the </span><span class="s26">stars </span><span class="s4">of </span><span class="s11">the </span><span class="s18">binary </span><span class="s11">are </span></span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span class="s20">magnets </span><span class="s5">7000 </span><span class="s18">gauss </span><span class="s23">strong. </span><span class="s12">It </span><span class="s33">is </span><span class="s22">immediately </span><span class="s16">obvious </span><span class="s23">that </span><span class="s6">even should </span><span class="s11">the </span><span class="s26">electrical </span><span class="s34">component </span><span class="s3">of </span><span class="s4">the </span><span class="s1">electro</span></span><span class="s13" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">magnets </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">be </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">disregarded </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">these </span><span class="s8" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">stars </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">are </span><span class="s6" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">not </span><span class="s34" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">moving </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">in </span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">a </span><span class="s19" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">system </span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">purely </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">mechanical.</span></span></div>
<div class="p2" style="text-align: center;">
<span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="p21" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span class="s13">But </span><span class="s17">this </span><span class="s35">is </span><span class="s5">enough </span><span class="s9">to </span><span class="s16">render </span><span class="s4">the </span><span class="s18">purely </span><span class="s22">mechanical </span><span class="s8">celestial </span>system <span class="s39">fallible in</span><span class="s9"> </span><span class="s4">respect </span><span class="s2">also to single </span><span class="s8">stars </span><span class="s13">and </span><span class="s3">equally so </span><span class="s23">to </span><span class="s4">the </span><span class="s19">sun </span><span class="s5">and </span><span class="s33">its </span><span class="s2">planets. </span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span class="s6" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span class="s6" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">In </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Jupiter </span><span class="s13" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">and </span><span class="s32" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">its </span><span class="s14" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">moons </span><span class="s38" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">we </span><span class="s20" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">have </span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">a </span><span class="s6" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">system </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">not </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">unlike </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">solar </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">family. </span><span class="s44" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">The </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">planet </span><span class="s32" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">is </span><span class="s23" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">cold, </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">yet </span><span class="s33" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">its </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">gases </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">are </span><span class="s1" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">in </span><span class="s6" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">motion. </span><span class="s39" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">It </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">appears </span><span class="s6" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">probable </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">to </span><span class="s69" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">me </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">that </span><span class="s45" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">it </span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">sends </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">out </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">radio </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">noises </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">as </span><span class="s13" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">do </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s19" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">sun </span><span class="s13" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">and </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s39" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">stars. </span><span class="s36" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">I </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">suggest </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">that </span><span class="s24" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">this </span><span class="s6" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">be </span><span class="s23" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">investigated.<b>(26)</b></span></span></div>
<div class="p21" style="text-align: center;">
<span class="s34" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="p21" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span class="s23" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"></span><span class="s34" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Uranus </span><span class="s33" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">is </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">only </span><span class="s3" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">planet </span><span class="s22" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">about </span><span class="s7" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">which </span><span class="s38" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">we </span><span class="s21" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">know </span><span class="s24" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">that, </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">for </span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">a </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">considerable </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">part </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span class="s35" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">its </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">revolution, </span><span class="s57" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">it </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">turns </span><span class="s20" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">one </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span class="s41" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">its </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">poles </span><span class="s20" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">toward </span><span class="s8" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">us. </span><span class="s24" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">If </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the gases </span><span class="s34" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">on Uranus </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">are </span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">not </span><span class="s1" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">in </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">turbulent </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">motion, </span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">but </span><span class="s20" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">have </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">a </span><span class="s5" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">smooth </span><span class="s26" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">reflecting </span><span class="s23" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">surface, </span><span class="s36" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">I </span><span class="s34" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">would </span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">expect </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s23" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">solar </span><span class="s26" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">light </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">reflected </span><span class="s5" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">from </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">polar </span><span class="s8" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">re</span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">gions </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span class="s34" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Uranus </span><span class="s23" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">to </span><span class="s22" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">be </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">polarized: </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">as </span><span class="s33" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">is </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">well </span><span class="s7" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">known, </span><span class="s8" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">light </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">reflected </span><span class="s5" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">from </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">poles </span><span class="s3" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">a </span><span class="s5" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">magnet </span><span class="s33" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">is </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">polarized.</span></span></div>
<div class="p21" style="text-align: center;">
<span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="p1" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span class="s41">[It is </span><span class="s11">generally </span><span class="s22">thought </span><span class="s23">that </span><span class="s4">the </span><span class="s19">magnetic </span><span class="s39">field </span><span class="s4">of the </span><span class="s10">earth </span><span class="s6">does not </span><span class="s1">sensitively </span><span class="s16">reach </span><span class="s9">the </span><span class="s34">moon. </span><span class="s25">But </span><span class="s11">there </span><span class="s35">is </span><span class="s10">a </span><span class="s38">way </span><span class="s9">to </span><span class="s23">find </span><span class="s16">out </span><span class="s25">whether </span><span class="s45">it </span><span class="s16">does </span><span class="s3">or </span><span class="s2">not. </span><span class="s44">The </span><span class="s30">moon </span><span class="s34">makes </span><span class="s9">daily </span><span class="s16">rocking </span><span class="s28">movements </span><span class="s2">librations </span><span class="s3">of </span><span class="s8">latitude, </span><span class="s28">some </span><span class="s10">of </span><span class="s7">which </span><span class="s4">are </span><span class="s3">explained </span><span class="s5">by </span><span class="s28">no </span><span class="s11">theory. </span><span class="s8">I </span><span class="s10">suggest </span><span class="s23">investigating </span><span class="s20">whether </span><span class="s11">these </span><span class="s20">unaccounted </span><span class="s2">librations </span><span class="s11">are </span><span class="s16">synchronized </span><span class="s6">with </span><span class="s4">the </span><span class="s23">daily </span><span class="s4">revolutions </span><span class="s10">of </span><span class="s3">the </span><span class="s19">magnetic </span><span class="s4">poles of </span><span class="s9">the </span><span class="s10">earth </span><span class="s13">around </span><span class="s32">its </span><span class="s18">geographical </span><span class="s26">poles.]</span></span></div>
<div class="p1" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span class="s26" style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="p24" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span class="s16">C. </span><span class="s25">Paine-Gaposchkin </span><span class="s3">of </span>Harvard <span class="s30">who </span><span class="s11">in </span><span class="s4">the </span><span class="s24">last </span><span class="s10">years </span><span class="s22">has </span><span class="s10">written </span><span class="s38">many </span><span class="s16">long </span><span class="s17">articles </span><span class="s11">against </span><span class="s4">the </span><span class="s18">theory </span><span class="s11">of </span><u>Worlds <span class="s8">in </span></u><span class="s1"><u>Collision</u>, </span><span class="s2">in </span>which <span class="s16">she </span><span class="s11">asserted </span><span class="s23">that </span><span class="s11">the </span><span class="s8">celes</span><span class="s36">tial </span><span class="s18">bodies </span><span class="s6">could not </span><span class="s4">possibly possess </span><span class="s1">electrostatic </span><span class="s3">charges </span><span class="s34">enough </span><span class="s2">to </span><span class="s25">produce any </span><span class="s3">of </span><span class="s4">the </span><span class="s10">[observed] </span><span class="s17">effects </span>on <span class="s31">mo- </span><span class="s11">tion </span><span class="s18">within </span><span class="s4">the </span><span class="s23">solar </span><span class="s3">system," </span><span class="s54">now </span><span class="s25">makes, </span><span class="s9">in </span><span class="s11">the </span><span class="s19">Septem</span><span class="s22">ber </span><span class="s25">1953 </span><span class="s2">issue </span><span class="s4">of </span><span class="s26"><i>Scientific </i></span><span class="s25"><i>American</i>, </span><span class="s8">this </span><span class="s4">confession:</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span class="s4"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="p1" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span class="s28">"Ten </span><span class="s3">years </span><span class="s19">ago </span><span class="s23">in </span><span class="s22">our </span><span class="s6">hypotheses </span><span class="s10">of </span><span class="s19">cosmic </span><span class="s4">evolu</span><span class="s11">tion </span><span class="s15">we </span><span class="s20">were </span><span class="s10">thinking </span><span class="s23">hi </span><span class="s6">terms </span><span class="s4">of </span><span class="s11">gravitation </span><span class="s13">and </span><span class="s8">light</span></span></div>
<div class="p13" style="text-align: center;">
<span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">pressure...</span><span class="s21" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Tomorrow </span><span class="s44" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">we </span><span class="s38" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">may </span><span class="s6" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">contemplate </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">a </span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">galaxy </span><span class="s1" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">that </span><span class="s45" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">is </span><span class="s1" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">essentially </span><span class="s23" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">a </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">gravitating, </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">turbulent </span><span class="s3" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">electromagnet." </span><br />
<span class="s20" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span class="s20" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">There </span><span class="s17" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">will </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">be </span><span class="s31" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">more </span><span class="s3" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">concessions </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">as </span><span class="s3" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">time goes </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">on. </span><span class="s44" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Our </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">sun </span><span class="s13" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">and </span><span class="s47" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">its </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">planets </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">are </span><span class="s3" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">not </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">outside a </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">galaxy; </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">they </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">are </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">not </span><span class="s22" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">unique </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">or </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">an </span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">exception </span><span class="s26" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">in </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">the </span><span class="s3" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">plan </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">of the universe.</span></div>
<div class="p4" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span class="s9" style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="p17" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span class="s32">I </span><span class="s24">like </span><span class="s23">to </span><span class="s33">tell </span><span class="s24">this </span><span class="s26">story. </span><span class="s19">Once, </span><span class="s17">in </span><span class="s9">the </span><span class="s1">twilight </span><span class="s10">hour, </span><span class="s18">a </span><span class="s8">visitor </span><span class="s42">came </span><span class="s26">to </span><span class="s67">my </span><span class="s9">study, </span><span class="s18">a </span><span class="s4">distinguished-looking </span><span class="s2">gentle</span><span class="s20">man. </span><span class="s30">He </span><span class="s22">brought </span><span class="s40">me </span><span class="s10">a </span><span class="s22">manuscript </span><span class="s4">dealing </span><span class="s3">with </span><span class="s24">celestial </span><span class="s16">mechanics. </span><span class="s18">After </span><span class="s1">a </span><span class="s10">glance </span><span class="s24">at </span><span class="s34">some </span><span class="s11">of </span><span class="s9">the </span><span class="s11">pages, </span><span class="s32">I </span><span class="s13">had </span><span class="s4">the </span><span class="s2">feeling that </span><span class="s24">this </span><span class="s5">was </span><span class="s4">the </span><span class="s28">work </span><span class="s10">of </span><span class="s23">a </span><span class="s6">mathematical </span><span class="s23">genius. </span><span class="s32">I </span><span class="s10">entered </span><span class="s1">into </span><span class="s3">conversation with </span><span class="s27">my </span><span class="s24">visitor </span><span class="s20">and </span><span class="s25">mentioned </span><span class="s11">the </span><span class="s14">name </span><span class="s10">of </span><span class="s7">James </span><span class="s16">Clerk </span><span class="s22">Maxwell. </span><span class="s73">My </span><span class="s11">guest </span><span class="s10">asked: </span><span class="s27">"Who </span><span class="s57">is </span><span class="s18">he?" </span><span class="s19">Embarrassed, </span><span class="s46">I </span><span class="s16">answered: </span><span class="s44">"You </span><span class="s20">know, </span><span class="s9">the </span><span class="s17">scientist </span><span class="s21">who </span><span class="s22">gave </span><span class="s19">a </span><span class="s1">theoretical </span><span class="s10">explanation </span><span class="s4">of </span><span class="s23">the </span><span class="s6">experiments </span><span class="s10">of </span><span class="s22">Faraday."</span></span></div>
<div class="p17" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span class="s22" style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="p19" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span class="s14">"And </span><span class="s38">who </span><span class="s45">is </span><span class="s25">Faraday?" </span><span class="s10">inquired </span><span class="s9">the </span><span class="s2">stranger. </span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span class="s11"><br /></span></span></span>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span class="s11">In </span><span class="s25">growing </span><span class="s20">embarrassment I</span><span class="s58"> </span><span class="s8">said </span><span class="s13">"Of </span><span class="s9">course, the </span><span class="s54">man </span></span><span class="s21" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">who </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">did </span><span class="s23" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">pioneer </span><span class="s28" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">work </span><span class="s17" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">in </span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">electromagnetism."</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span class="s44" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"></span><span class="s44" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">"And </span><span class="s13" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">what </span><span class="s47" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">is </span><span class="s6" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">electromagnetism?" asked </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">gentleman. </span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span class="s42" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span class="s42" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">"What </span><span class="s57" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">is </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">your </span><span class="s34" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">name?" </span><span class="s32" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">I </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">inquired. </span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span class="s30" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span class="s30" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">He </span><span class="s6" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">answered: </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">"Isaac </span><span class="s7" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Newton." </span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span class="s57" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span class="s57" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">I </span><span class="s19" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">awoke. </span><span class="s69" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">On </span><span class="s74" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">my </span><span class="s6" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">knees </span><span class="s5" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">was </span><span class="s19" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">an </span><span class="s20" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">open </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">volume: Newton's </span><span class="s23" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><i>Principia. </i></span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">This </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">story </span><span class="s47" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">is </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">told </span><span class="s1" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">to </span><span class="s17" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">illustrate </span><span class="s13" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">what </span><span class="s57" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">I </span><span class="s19" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">have </span><span class="s1" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">said </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">before.</span></span></div>
<div class="p19" style="text-align: center;">
<span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="p11" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><span class="s14">Would </span><span class="s7">you </span><span class="s24">listen </span><span class="s1">to </span><span class="s7">anybody </span><span class="s23">discuss </span><span class="s11">the </span><span class="s19">mechanics </span><span class="s4">of </span><span class="s9">the</span></b></span></div>
<div class="p21" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><span class="s3">spheres </span><span class="s15">who </span><span class="s16">does </span><span class="s3">not </span><span class="s43">know </span><span class="s9">the </span><span class="s16">elementary </span><span class="s11">physical </span><span class="s9">forces </span><span class="s2">existing </span><span class="s8">in </span><span class="s3">nature? </span><span class="s20">But </span><span class="s17">this </span><span class="s45">is </span><span class="s4">the </span><span class="s9">position </span><span class="s22">adopted </span><span class="s25">by </span><span class="s22">astronomers </span><span class="s38">who </span><span class="s18">acclaim </span><span class="s2">as </span><span class="s17">infallible </span><span class="s10">a </span><span class="s24">celestial </span><span class="s5">me</span><span class="s10">chanics </span><span class="s6">conceived </span><span class="s26">in </span><span class="s9">the </span><span class="s22">1660s </span><span class="s26">in </span><span class="s20">which </span><span class="s17">electricity </span><span class="s25">and </span><span class="s13">magnetism </span><span class="s3">play </span><span class="s18">not </span><span class="s11">the </span><span class="s8">slightest </span><span class="s24">role.</span></b></span></div>
<div class="p21" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span class="s24" style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="p7" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span class="s10">In </span><span class="s4">the </span><span class="s39">fields </span><span class="s4">of </span><span class="s18">archaeology, </span><span class="s4">geology, </span><span class="s20">and </span><span class="s25">astronomy </span><span class="s9">the </span><span class="s29">last </span><span class="s20">few </span><span class="s10">years </span><span class="s25">have </span><span class="s19">brought </span><span class="s11">a </span><span class="s2">vast </span><span class="s4">array </span><span class="s11">of </span><span class="s26">facts </span><span class="s1">to </span><span class="s18">corroborate </span><span class="s9">the </span><span class="s16">claim </span><span class="s43">made </span><span class="s26">in </span><u><span class="s20">Worlds </span><span class="s24">in </span></u><span class="s23"><u>Collision</u> </span><span class="s1">that </span><span class="s11">there </span><span class="s20">were </span><span class="s4">physical </span><span class="s6">upheavals </span><span class="s4">of </span><span class="s18">a </span><span class="s11">global </span><span class="s10">character </span><span class="s8">in </span><span class="s26">historical </span><span class="s23">times; that </span><span class="s11">these </span><span class="s10">catastrophes </span><span class="s25">were </span><span class="s6">caused </span><span class="s13">by </span><span class="s1">extraterrestrial </span><span class="s9">agents; </span><span class="s13">and </span><span class="s23">that </span><span class="s11">the </span><span class="s18">nature </span><span class="s4">of </span><span class="s9">these </span><span class="s4">agents </span><span class="s15">may </span><span class="s19">be </span><span class="s8">identified. </span><span class="s13">Although </span><span class="s35">I </span><span class="s11">arrived </span><span class="s8">at results </span><span class="s17">in </span><span class="s18">con</span><span class="s33">flict </span><span class="s16">with </span><span class="s19">orthodox </span><span class="s24">beliefs, </span><span class="s4">yet recent </span><span class="s10">years </span><span class="s19">have </span><span class="s24">dis</span><span class="s4">closed </span><span class="s14">new </span><span class="s10">observations </span><span class="s7">and </span><span class="s1">findings, </span><span class="s36">all </span><span class="s26">in </span><span class="s18">support </span><span class="s7">and </span><span class="s13">none </span><span class="s1">in </span><span class="s2">refutation.</span></span></div>
<div class="p7" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span class="s2" style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="p5" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span class="s38">What </span><span class="s36">I </span><span class="s7">want </span><span class="s1">to </span><span class="s16">impress </span><span class="s31">upon </span><span class="s28">you </span><span class="s47">is </span>that <span class="s11">science </span><span class="s4">today, </span><span class="s23">as </span>in <span class="s10">the </span><span class="s6">days </span><span class="s3">of </span><span class="s5">Newton, </span><span class="s36">lies </span><span class="s18">before </span><span class="s3">us </span>as <span class="s6">a </span><span class="s11">great </span><span class="s16">un</span></span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">charted </span><span class="s3" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">ocean, </span><span class="s13" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">and </span><span class="s38" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">we </span><span class="s20" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">have </span><span class="s22" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">not </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">yet </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">sailed </span><span class="s6" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">very </span><span class="s23" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">far </span><span class="s34" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">from </span><span class="s3" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">coast </span><span class="s3" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">ignorance. </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">In </span><span class="s3" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">study </span><span class="s3" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s30" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">human </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">soul </span><span class="s43" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">we </span><span class="s13" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">have </span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">learned </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">only </span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">a </span><span class="s7" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">few </span><span class="s5" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">mechanisms </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span class="s6" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">behavior </span><span class="s23" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">as </span><span class="s24" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">di</span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">rected </span><span class="s5" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">from </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">subconscious </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">mind, </span><span class="s6" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">but </span><span class="s15" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">we </span><span class="s5" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">do </span><span class="s6" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">not </span><span class="s38" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">know </span><span class="s5" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">what </span><span class="s3" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">thinking </span><span class="s47" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">is </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">or </span><span class="s7" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">what </span><span class="s15" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">memory </span><span class="s45" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">is. </span><span class="s27" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">And </span><span class="s23" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">in </span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">biology </span><span class="s15" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">we </span><span class="s34" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">do </span><span class="s6" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">not </span><span class="s21" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">know </span><span class="s7" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">what </span><span class="s36" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">life </span><span class="s45" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">is. </span><span class="s14" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">The </span><span class="s22" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">age </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">basic </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">discoveries </span><span class="s32" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">is </span><span class="s22" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">not </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">yet </span><span class="s8" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">at </span><span class="s35" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">its </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">end, </span><span class="s13" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">and </span><span class="s28" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">you </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">are </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">not </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">latecomers, </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">for </span><span class="s59" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">whom </span><span class="s28" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">no </span><span class="s19" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">fundamentals </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">are </span><span class="s29" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">left </span><span class="s23" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">to </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">discover. </span><span class="s14" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">As </span><span class="s24" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">I </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">see </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">so </span><span class="s38" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">many </span><span class="s6" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span class="s28" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">you </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">today, </span><span class="s29" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">I </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">visualize </span><span class="s42" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">some </span><span class="s3" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">you, </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">ten </span><span class="s3" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">or </span><span class="s22" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">twenty </span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">or </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">thirty </span><span class="s3" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">years </span><span class="s7" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">from </span><span class="s20" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">now, </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">as </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">fortunate </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">discoverers, </span><span class="s3" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">those </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span class="s28" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">you </span><span class="s54" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">who </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">possess </span><span class="s1" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">inquisitive </span><span class="s5" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">and </span><span class="s3" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">challenging </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">minds, </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s26" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">will </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">to </span><span class="s17" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">persist, </span><span class="s13" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">and </span><span class="s20" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">an </span><span class="s6" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">urge </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">to </span><span class="s23" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">store </span><span class="s19" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">knowledge. Don't </span><span class="s22" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">be </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">afraid </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">to </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">face </span><span class="s24" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">facts, </span><span class="s13" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">and </span><span class="s22" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">never </span><span class="s23" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">lose </span><span class="s13" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">your </span><span class="s8" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">ability </span><span class="s23" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">to </span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">ask </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">questions: </span><span class="s54" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Why? </span><span class="s13" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">and </span><span class="s69" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">How? </span><span class="s31" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Be </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">in </span><span class="s8" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">this </span><span class="s26" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">like </span><span class="s19" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">a </span><span class="s8" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">child.</span></span></div>
<div class="p5" style="text-align: center;">
<span class="s8" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="p3" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span class="s25">Don't </span><span class="s22">be </span><span class="s9">afraid </span><span class="s18">of </span><span class="s26">ridicule; </span><span class="s10">think </span><span class="s16">of </span><span class="s10">the </span><span class="s11">history </span><span class="s10">of </span><span class="s41">all </span><span class="s4">great </span><span class="s2">discoveries. </span><span class="s36">I </span><span class="s6">quote Alfred </span><span class="s34">North </span><span class="s25">Whitehead: </span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">"If </span><span class="s5" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">you </span><span class="s20" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">have </span><span class="s7" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">had </span><span class="s20" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">your </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">attention </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">directed </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">to </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">novel-</span></span></div>
<div class="p3" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span class="s29">ties </span><span class="s3">of </span><span class="s22">thought </span><span class="s1">in </span>your <span class="s15">own </span><span class="s26">lifetime, </span><span class="s31">you </span><span class="s26">will </span>have <span class="s10">ob- </span><span class="s18">served </span><span class="s11">that </span><span class="s6">almost </span><span class="s41">all </span><span class="s23">really </span><span class="s21">new </span><span class="s4">ideas </span>have <span class="s11">a </span><span class="s23">certain </span><span class="s10">aspect of </span><span class="s11">foolishness </span><span class="s14">when </span><span class="s16">they </span><span class="s3">are </span><span class="s41">first </span><span class="s22">produced."<b>(27)</b></span></span></div>
<div class="p3" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span class="s57" style="font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></span></span></div>
<div class="p16" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span class="s18">Therefore, </span><span class="s23">dare.</span></span></div>
<div class="p16" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span class="s23" style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="p17" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span class="s40">And </span><span class="s6">should </span><span class="s19">even </span><span class="s4">the great </span><span class="s22">ones </span><span class="s10">of </span><span class="s13">your </span><span class="s22">age </span><span class="s1">try </span><span class="s23">to </span><span class="s24">dis</span><span class="s19">courage </span><span class="s18">you, </span><span class="s10">think </span><span class="s3">of </span><span class="s4">the </span><span class="s9">greatest </span><span class="s8">scientist </span><span class="s10">of </span><span class="s2">antiquity, </span><span class="s25">Archimedes, </span><span class="s15">who </span><span class="s4">jeered </span><span class="s26">at </span><span class="s4">the </span><span class="s16">theory </span><span class="s3">of </span><span class="s4">Aristarchus, </span><span class="s11">twenty-five </span><span class="s10">years </span><span class="s26">his </span><span class="s2">senior, </span><span class="s11">that </span><span class="s3">the </span><span class="s10">earth </span><span class="s4">revolves </span><span class="s13">around </span><span class="s4">the </span><span class="s23">sun. </span><span class="s20">Untruth </span><span class="s11">in </span><span class="s4">science </span><span class="s27">may </span><span class="s17">live </span><span class="s9">for </span><span class="s4">cen</span><span class="s17">turies, </span><span class="s5">and you </span><span class="s30">may </span><span class="s16">not </span><span class="s9">see </span><span class="s10">yourself </span><span class="s11">vindicated, </span><span class="s16">but </span><span class="s23">dare.</span></span></div>
<div class="p17" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span class="s23" style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="p8" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span class="s25">Don't </span><span class="s26">persist </span><span class="s2">in </span><span class="s20">your </span><span class="s10">idea </span><span class="s41">if </span><span class="s10">the </span><span class="s2">facts </span><span class="s4">are </span><span class="s11">against </span><span class="s50">it; </span></span><span class="s6" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">but </span><span class="s5" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">do </span><span class="s1" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">persist </span><span class="s41" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">if </span><span class="s28" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">you </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">see </span><span class="s1" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">facts </span><span class="s3" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">gathering </span><span class="s34" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">on </span><span class="s20" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">your </span><span class="s8" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">side. </span><span class="s36" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">It </span><span class="s27" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">may </span><span class="s19" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">be </span><span class="s23" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">that </span><span class="s19" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">even </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">strongest </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">opposition, </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">that </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span class="s8" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">figures, </span><span class="s1" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">will </span><span class="s20" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">crumble </span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">before </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s24" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">facts. </span><span class="s14" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">The </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">greatest </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">mathematician </span><span class="s54" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">who </span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">ever </span><span class="s13" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">walked </span><span class="s5" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">on </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">these </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">shores, </span><span class="s42" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Simon </span><span class="s43" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Newcomb, </span><span class="s20" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">proved </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">in </span><span class="s19" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">1903 </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">that </span><span class="s19" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">a </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">flying </span><span class="s5" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">machine </span><span class="s3" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">carrying </span><span class="s19" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">a </span><span class="s26" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">pilot </span><span class="s35" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">is </span><span class="s18" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">a </span><span class="s19" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">mathematical </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">impossibility. </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">In </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s28" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">same </span><span class="s6" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">year </span><span class="s3" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">of </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">1903 </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the </span><span class="s7" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Wright </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">brothers, </span><span class="s22" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">without mathematics, </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">but </span><span class="s7" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">by </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">a </span><span class="s24" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">fact, </span><span class="s13" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">proved </span><span class="s44" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">him </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">wrong.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="p7" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span class="s22">In </span><span class="s26">religion, </span><span class="s4">the great </span><span class="s11">revelations </span><span class="s28">and </span><span class="s3">the </span><span class="s11">great authorit</span><span class="s39">ies </span><span class="s3">the </span><span class="s19">founding </span><span class="s9">fathers </span><span class="s22">belong </span><span class="s9">to </span><span class="s4">the </span><span class="s1">past, </span><span class="s7">and </span><span class="s10">the </span><span class="s3">older </span><span class="s10">the </span><span class="s9">authority, </span><span class="s4">the greater </span><span class="s33">it </span><span class="s47">is. </span><span class="s22">In </span><span class="s23">science, </span><span class="s10">unlike </span><span class="s1">religion, </span><span class="s4">the great </span><span class="s11">revelations </span><span class="s12">lie </span><span class="s9">in </span><span class="s3">the </span><span class="s9">future; </span><span class="s10">the </span><span class="s34">com</span></span><span class="s3" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">ing generations are </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">the </span><span class="s1" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">authorities; </span><span class="s13" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">and </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">the pupil </span><span class="s33" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">is </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">greater </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">than </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">the </span><span class="s3" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">master, </span><span class="s41" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">if </span><span class="s20" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">he </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">has </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">the </span><span class="s39" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">gift </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">to </span><span class="s23" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">see </span><span class="s11" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">things </span><span class="s19" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">anew.</span></div>
<div class="p14" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span class="s19" style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="p10" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span class="s10">All </span><span class="s26">fruitful </span><span class="s4">ideas </span><span class="s20">have </span><span class="s25">been </span><span class="s6">conceived </span><span class="s26">in </span><span class="s11">the </span><span class="s7">minds </span><span class="s10">of </span><span class="s4">the </span><span class="s16">nonconformists, </span><span class="s9">for </span><span class="s37">whom </span><span class="s4">the </span><span class="s43">known </span><span class="s5">was </span><span class="s35">still </span><span class="s6">un</span><span class="s5">known, </span><span class="s7">and </span><span class="s54">who </span><span class="s3">often </span><span class="s13">went </span><span class="s20">back </span><span class="s23">to </span><span class="s16">begin </span><span class="s7">where </span><span class="s4">others </span><span class="s16">passed </span><span class="s9">by, </span><span class="s10">sure </span><span class="s18">of </span><span class="s2">their </span><span class="s19">way. </span><span class="s42">The </span><span class="s11">truth </span><span class="s3">of </span><span class="s22">today </span><span class="s5">was </span><span class="s4">the </span><span class="s18">heresy of </span><span class="s4">yesterday.</span></span></div>
<div class="p10" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span class="s4" style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="p7" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span class="s22">Imagination </span><span class="s19">coupled </span><span class="s16">with </span><span class="s10">skepticism </span><span class="s13">and </span><span class="s20">an </span><span class="s17">ability </span><span class="s2">to </span><span class="s28">wonder </span><span class="s32">if </span><span class="s34">you </span><span class="s4">possess </span><span class="s1">these, </span><span class="s4">bountiful </span><span class="s3">nature </span><span class="s17">will </span><span class="s5">hand </span><span class="s7">you </span><span class="s31">some </span><span class="s10">of </span><span class="s4">the </span><span class="s23">secrets </span><span class="s16">out </span><span class="s18">of </span><span class="s16">her </span><span class="s4">inexhaustible </span><span class="s17">store. </span><span class="s42">The </span><span class="s10">pleasure </span><span class="s5">you </span><span class="s8">will </span><span class="s18">experience </span><span class="s24">in </span><span class="s10">discovering </span><span class="s23">truth </span><span class="s8">will </span><span class="s17">re</span></span><span class="s13" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">pay </span><span class="s5" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">you </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">for </span><span class="s20" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">your </span><span class="s25" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">work; </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">don't </span><span class="s3" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">expect </span><span class="s10" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">other </span><span class="s6" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">compensation, because </span><span class="s57" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">it </span><span class="s54" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">may </span><span class="s16" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">not </span><span class="s13" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">come. </span><span class="s3" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Yet, </span><span class="s23" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">dare.</span><br />
<span class="s23" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span class="s23" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><b>FOOTNOTES</b></span><br />
<span class="s23" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span class="s23" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><b>(1) </b>Schaeffer's book was published in 1948; my attention was drawn to it in 1951 by Dr. W. Federn. My first publication claiming natural catastrophes that overwhelmed the ancient East, the greatest of which caused the downfall of the Middle Kingdom in Egypt, was printed in January 1946 as <i>Theses for the Reconstuction of Ancient History,</i> a monograph published in the series <i>Scripta Academia Hiersolymitana.</i> It embodies the entire plan of <u>Ages in Chaos</u> in the form of a summary. As to the causes of the catastrophes, Schaeffer wrote: "Nous ne distinguons encore qu'imperfaitment les causes initiales et replies de certaines de ces grandes crises.</span>"</span></div>
<div class="p18" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span class="s30" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span>
<span class="s30" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>(2) </b></span><span class="s41" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Quoted </span><span class="s27" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">from </span><span class="s37" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">my </span><i style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="s40">Theses </span><span class="s30">for </span><span class="s56">the </span><span class="s50">Reconstruction </span><span class="s56">of </span><span class="s36">Ancient </span>History</i><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">,</span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"> </span><span class="s50" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">published </span><span class="s30" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">as </span><span class="s40" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">an </span><span class="s35" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">advance </span><span class="s26" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">summary </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">of</span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"> </span><u style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="s34">Ages </span><span class="s44">in </span></u><span class="s36" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><u>Chaos</u>, </span><span class="s34" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">and </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">referred</span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"> </span><span class="s49" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">to </span><span class="s30" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">in </span><span class="s56" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">the </span><span class="s47" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">foregoing </span><span class="s53" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">footnote.</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span class="s24"><b>(3) </b>W. </span><span class="s30">F. </span><span class="s50">Libby, </span><u>Radiocarbon </u><span class="s40"><u>Dating</u> </span><span class="s42">(1951), </span><span class="s47">pp. </span><span class="s30">71, 102. </span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span class="s30"><b>(4)</b> This lecture was delivered on October 14, 1953. In November of the same year the first announcement of the decipherment of Minoan script (Linear B) was made by Michael Ventris, and English architect. Contrary to what had been thought concerning this script, it was found to be in the Greek language. This fact startled the scholarly world, as the texts had been erroneously referred to a time before the twelfth century. It had been generally thought that in the days of Homer, about 700 B.C., the Greeks were illiterate, and that at about that time the first attempts at writing were made in the adopted Phoenician (Hebrew) letters. The decipherment of the Minoan script forced the conclusion that a syllabic alphabet was used in Greece six hundred years before Homer. But amazement still persists, for no literary documents have come down to us from between 1300 B.C. and 700 B.C. A literate people cannot forfeit completely a well-developed literacy. As I indicated in <u>Ages in Chaos</u> and in my lecture, this period of a Dark Age of six centuries between the Mycenaean and Ionian ages results from an erroneous timetable of ancient history.</span></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span class="s30"><b>(5)</b> A.P. Okladnikov, "Excavations in the North" in <i>Po Sledam Dravnikh Kultur </i>(Vestiges of Ancient Cultures), Gosudarstvenoye Isdatelstvo Kulturno-Prosvetitelnoy Literatury, 1951.</span></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span class="s30"><b>(6)</b> Ibid.</span></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span class="s30"><b>(7)</b> K. McGowan, Early Man in the New World (1950), p. 151; cf. F. Rainey, "Archaeological Investigation in Central Alaska", <i>American Antiquity</i>, V, (1940), 305; cf. H.C. Hibben, "Evidence of Early Man in Alaska", <i>American Antiquity</i>, VIII (1943), 256.</span></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span class="s30"><b>(8)</b> D.G. Whitley, <i>Journal of the Philosphical Society</i> of Great Britain, XII (1910), 35.</span></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span class="s30"><b>(9)</b> J. Prestwich, <i>Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society</i>, XLVIII; <i>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London</i> (1893), 1894; also see his <i>On Certain Phenomena</i>...(London, 1895)</span></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span class="s30"><b>(10)</b> "Paleomagnetism," <i>Science News,</i> July 1949.</span></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span class="s30"><b>(11)</b> P.L. Mercanton, in <i>Archives des sciences physiques et naturelles</i> (Quatrieme Periode, Tome XXIII, Geneva 1907)</span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span class="s30"><br /></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"> </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span class="s30">(<b>12)</b> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">H. Pettersson, "Exploring the Ocean Flooor", </span><i style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Scientific American</i><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">, August 1950</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span class="s30">(<b>13)</b> </span></span></span><span class="s65" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"> </span><span class="s48" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">R. </span><span class="s49" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">F. </span><span class="s44" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Flint, </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Glacial</span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"> </span><span class="s34" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Geology </span><span class="s41" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">and </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">the</span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"> </span><span class="s56" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Pleistocene </span><span class="s46" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Epoch </span><span class="s42" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">(1947), </span><span class="s49" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">p. </span><span class="s53" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">382.</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span class="s65"><b>(14)</b> </span><span class="s27">H. </span><span class="s21">Gams </span><span class="s27">and </span><span class="s48">R. </span><span class="s34">Nordhagen, </span><span class="s56">"Postglaziale </span><span class="s34">Klimaanderungen </span><span class="s46">und </span><span class="s34">Erdkrustenbewegungen </span><span class="s30">in </span><span class="s50">Mitteleuropa," </span><span class="s48">Mitteilungen der </span><span class="s40">Geogra- </span><span class="s36">phlschen </span><span class="s56">Gesellschaft </span><span class="s51">in </span>Miinchen <span class="s56">(1923), </span><span class="s48">pp. </span><span class="s56">13-336.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span class="s56"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span class="s56"><span class="s57"><b>(15)</b> </span><i><span class="s53">Bulletin </span><span class="s42">of </span><span class="s56">the </span>Geological <span class="s47">Society </span><span class="s56">of </span></i><span class="s40"><i>America</i>, </span><span class="s41">LXIII </span><span class="s56">(1952).</span></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span class="s51"><b>(16)</b> </span><span class="s48">Frederick </span><span class="s35">Johnson </span><span class="s40">(chairman </span><span class="s56">of </span><span class="s48">the </span><span class="s27">Committee </span><span class="s34">on </span><span class="s27">Carbon </span><span class="s30">14 for </span><span class="s42">the </span><span class="s53">selection </span><span class="s42">of </span><span class="s36">samples </span><span class="s30">for </span><span class="s53">analysis), </span><span class="s16">"The </span><span class="s53">Significance </span><span class="s42">of </span><span class="s53">the </span><span class="s36">Dates </span><span class="s30">for </span><span class="s35">Archaeology </span><span class="s27">and </span><span class="s34">Geology," </span><span class="s47">In </span><span class="s34"><u>Radiocarbon </u></span><span class="s48"><u>Dating,</u> </span><span class="s30">ed. </span><span class="s45">W. </span><span class="s53">F. </span><span class="s35">Libby </span><span class="s56">(1952), </span><span class="s30">p. 97.</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span class="s62"><b>(17)</b> </span><span class="s56">Suess, <i>Science</i>, </span><span class="s34">September </span><span class="s42">24, 1954. </span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span class="s44"><br /></span></span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span class="s44"><b>(18)</b> </span><span class="s53">P. </span>V. <span class="s50">Smith, </span><span class="s56">Science, </span><span class="s35">October </span><span class="s42">24, </span><span class="s53">1952. </span><span class="s51">18 </span><span class="s41">N. </span><span class="s56">T. </span>Bobrovnikoff <span class="s53">(director </span><span class="s42">of </span><span class="s50">Perkins Observatory), </span><span class="s46">"Comets," </span><span class="s53">in </span></span><span class="s56">Astrophysics, </span><span class="s53">ed. </span><span class="s65">J. </span><span class="s35">A. </span><span class="s16">Hynek </span><span class="s56">(1951), </span>p. <span class="s42">342.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span class="s42"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span class="s42"><b>(19)</b> </span></span><span class="s49" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"> N.T. Bobrovnikoff (director of Perkins Observatory), "Comets", in <u>Astrophysics</u>, ed. J.A. Hynek (1951), p. 342</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"><span class="s50" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"><span class="s50" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><b>(20)</b> S. </span><span class="s36" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">K. </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Vsehsviatsky, </span><span class="s22" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">"New </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Works </span><span class="s8" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Concerning </span><span class="s12" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">the Origin </span><span class="s32" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">of </span><span class="s23" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Comets </span><span class="s1" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">and </span><span class="s12" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">the </span><span class="s26" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Theory </span><span class="s33" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">of </span><span class="s39" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Eruption," </span><i style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-large;"><span class="s12">Publications </span><span class="s36">of </span><span class="s9">Kiew </span></i><span class="s29" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><i>Obtervatory</i>, </span><span class="s8" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">No. </span><span class="s23" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">5 </span><span class="s8" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">(1953), </span><span class="s12" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">pp. </span><span class="s17" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">3-57.</span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span class="s56"><b>(21)</b> </span><span class="s33">E. </span><span class="s46">Pettit, </span><span class="s4">"The </span><span class="s23">Sun </span><span class="s8">and </span><span class="s35">Stellar </span><span class="s39">Radiation," </span><span class="s35">in </span><u>Astrophysics</u>, <span class="s33">ed. </span><span class="s58">J. </span><span class="s24">A. </span><span class="s11">Hynek </span><span class="s41">(1951).</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span class="s35"><b> (22) </b></span><span class="s17">N. </span><span class="s12">T. </span>Bobrovnikoff, <span class="s2">"Comets," </span><span class="s45">ibid., </span><span class="s12">pp. 327-28. </span><span class="s32"> </span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"><span class="s8"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"><span class="s8"><b>(23) </b>H. </span><span class="s17">Spencer </span><span class="s41">Jones, </span><span class="s24"><u>General </u></span><span class="s8"><u>Astronomy</u>, </span><span class="s12">pp. 273-74.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span class="s12"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span class="s12"><b>(24)</b> The divergent results obtained in the determination of the solar magnetic field may be due to the varying position of the earth in relation to the solar magnetic equator, which does not coincide with the solar equator or with the ecliptic. When the earth is in the plane of the solar magnetic equator, no Zeeman effect is observable and the erroneous conclusion is made that the sun possesses no general magnetic field.</span></span></span><br />
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<span class="s50" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><b>(25)</b> </span><i><span class="s7" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">New </span><span class="s23" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">York </span></i><span class="s24" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><i>Times,</i> </span><span class="s12" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">April </span><span class="s47" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">15, </span><span class="s41" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">1951.</span></span><br />
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<span class="s41" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><b>(26)</b> On April 5, 1955, at a meeting of the American Astronomical Society, Dr. Bernard F. Burke and Dr. Kenneth L. Franklin, of the Department of Terrestrial Magnetism of the Carnegie Institution, announced the unexpected discovery of strong radio noises arising from Jupiter. They found it difficult to explain the phenomenon, since no radio noises were expected from planets. The above sentence in the the lecture to the Forum, predicting noises from Jupiter, was in the typescript of the draft of the lecture as deposited in January 1954 with Professor V. Bargmann of Princeton University, and also as edited by the staff of Doubleday & Company in the summer of 1954, eight months before the discovery.</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"><span class="s41" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><b>(27)</b></span><span class="s32" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"> </span><span class="s39" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Alfred </span><span class="s1" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">North </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Whitehead, </span><u><span class="s39" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Science </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">and </span><span class="s12" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">the </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Modern </span><span class="s9" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">World </span></u><span class="s3" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">(New </span><span class="s8" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">York, </span><span class="s12" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">1925), </span><span class="s8" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Chapter III</span><span class="s26" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">.</span></span></span></div>
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Jeff Weffersonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16055962946869392042noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-30418363.post-33931536881820415582017-03-23T01:30:00.000-07:002017-04-04T18:21:03.944-07:00NEW ART FROM JEFF PHILLIPS & SEEKING COMMISSIONS TO SUPPORT MY 'RE-CAMERA-FICATION' PROJECT :)<div style="text-align: center;">
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-UV9MlaGc0Tg/WORF8HEucNI/AAAAAAAAJus/paF_tcqjcfU7q6mPyzIbb-ZCYU3Q_d8SgCLcB/s1600/DSC_2238B.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="274" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-UV9MlaGc0Tg/WORF8HEucNI/AAAAAAAAJus/paF_tcqjcfU7q6mPyzIbb-ZCYU3Q_d8SgCLcB/s320/DSC_2238B.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<b><span style="color: magenta; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><i>"What would you think if I painted a rock and posted it to you for free...</i></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="color: magenta; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><i>Lend me your screen and I'll write you a blog, </i></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="color: magenta; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><i>from my heart to yours faithfully...</i></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="color: magenta; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><i>Oh! I get by with a little help from my friends...</i></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="color: magenta; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><i>Gonna try with a little help from my friends..."</i></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: red;">N</span><span style="color: orange;">O</span><span style="color: yellow;">T</span></span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: lime;">E</span> <span style="color: blue;">F</span><span style="color: purple;">R</span><span style="color: magenta;">O</span><span style="color: purple;">M</span> </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;">J</span><span style="color: #6aa84f;">E</span></span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: yellow;">F</span><span style="color: orange;">F</span><span style="color: red;">:</span></span></span></b><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Greetings and apologies for having so flat out with everything in the wake of my bicycle accident in November 2015, from which I have recovered and am still recovering nicely, but still a ways to go to get back to 300%. This posting is parallel with long-over-due updates to my main web-site (many thanks to Douglas Webster) as well as a re-organized and enhanced web presence for my art.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">I wish to share with all my wonderful friends and family the beauty that I have been blessed to create and share AND make a call for help in response to a 'disaster' that happened to me in Tasmania a few weeks ago.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">I had visited a small island off the north coast and was coming back hurrying against an incoming tide that turned out to be faster than I had anticipated. My foot snagged on a rock and I went down part-way, enough to get my camera bags wet. Luckily my video camera was zipped and was ok, but my trusty Nikon D700 got some sea water on it, enough to permanently damage it beyond repair. My friend Terry Lilly, underwater photographer and marine biologist, said that I'd now been inducted into 'the beach club', as he has lost three cameras to Mother Ocean. Jules Stanly at UCY.TV said that I had 'sacrificed it to the sea gods.' :) At least the top of the line lens is fixed and in the shop waiting for me to retrieve her.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">I am now making a </span><br />
<b style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">CALL FOR HELP IN SUPPORT OF MY ART </span></b><br />
<b style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></b>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b><i>MY NEWLY REDESIGNED MAIN SITE</i></b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><a href="http://dolphinmatrix.com/Jeff">http://dolphinmatrix.com/Jeff</a></b></span><br />
<b style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></b>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">in order to help me fund my </span><b style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;">'recamerafication'</b><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"> process which involves first getting my lens back, then getting another Nikon (I have been needing to upgrade for a while now to one that does HD video, so I am shooting first for a D810 then later for a D4S.</span><br />
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Pf9vomsM3kA/WORCN-3fYvI/AAAAAAAAJuQ/5T89V21iX_YQjKqyYJQyAoZ6gWTU-b80ACLcB/s1600/d700wlens.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="196" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Pf9vomsM3kA/WORCN-3fYvI/AAAAAAAAJuQ/5T89V21iX_YQjKqyYJQyAoZ6gWTU-b80ACLcB/s200/d700wlens.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b>THE ONE I LOST</b></span></div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-_lW09lSLRNU/WORCRPfjOZI/AAAAAAAAJuU/ajXp6pVlhAsYSlPvvXrkNkGBbV_PuhjXQCLcB/s1600/D810_24_70_front34l.high.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="187" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-_lW09lSLRNU/WORCRPfjOZI/AAAAAAAAJuU/ajXp6pVlhAsYSlPvvXrkNkGBbV_PuhjXQCLcB/s200/D810_24_70_front34l.high.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b>REPLACEMENT BODY</b></span></div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-d_DeREhh1tY/WORCSZUT9vI/AAAAAAAAJuY/yPpScBvFTL8tAjxFaXUsGS0q6J3l64iLQCLcB/s1600/D4s_70_200_4.high_.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="209" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-d_DeREhh1tY/WORCSZUT9vI/AAAAAAAAJuY/yPpScBvFTL8tAjxFaXUsGS0q6J3l64iLQCLcB/s320/D4s_70_200_4.high_.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b>EVENTUAL UPGRADE</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><i>(practically indestructible)</i></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">I used my camera every day and she is absolutely essential for all I do. I am not a 'professional' photographer in terms of occupation but I am at the ultra-professional level technically speaking...because I love the beauty of nature. Not only do I photograph my art extensively, but also to document and share the beauty of nature wherever I am able to travel. I am planning to publish a few high quality books in the not too distant future that will include my visual art, and photographic surveys honouring some special places that I love and that have not been properly photographed, including <a href="https://get.google.com/albumarchive/103250190528562753850/album/AF1QipObkX0Za76QGgfk0uxFyJz6T0QujD1ZSqdGiBV-"><b>Aotea (Great Barrier Island</b>,</a> NZ) and <a href="https://get.google.com/albumarchive/103250190528562753850/album/AF1QipPF0EM_EJFvVC3xJGbt2FmyLt1ibQFEwzbWliBP"><b>Flinders Island, Tasmania.</b></a></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">My main site hasn't had any updates in five years. The images on this posting are the new updates, and I am working on redesigning the site to show a lot of my older works of various styles. Near the bottom of this posting are various links to these.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Right now I very much welcome support in any way, shape or form. I do not specifically 'solicit' donations on behalf of all my research and activism, focusing mainly on the health of Mother Ocean and her family of life, including my magnum opus, my series of 'beyond films' about the whales and dolphins, but will accept them :) Any donation or gift will be reciprocated by free art.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Commissioning art from me is the best way to support what I do...it gets me to create new and special custom art in whatever style you might like...or something totally new; it helps me to survive and fund my activities; and it gives you something really nice to look at!</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b>IF YOU WOULD LIKE TO HELP PLEASE CONTACT ME</b></span><br />
<span style="color: magenta; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b>therockist@gmail.com</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b><i>(this is also my paypal account)</i></b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Liesbet and I have been apart for close to five years now, after five amazing and powerful years together. I don't hear from her much anymore but I continue to honour her beautiful dolphin-goddess spirit and her amazing creativity. Who knows, our wonderful guardian angels who brought us together so powerfully in 2007 may yet bring us together again in honour of the 'ultimate creative partnership' that we still in fact are!</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b>MANY BLESSINGS, LOVE AND LIGHT</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b>JEFF PHILLIPS-WEFFERSON</b></span></div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-o2spAsWzZ_Q/WON3oDx_NdI/AAAAAAAAJsk/TscGEUweOxwjV-YD5c1sCztWnhu9iQGjwCLcB/s1600/529472_538277946240565_1610014241_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-o2spAsWzZ_Q/WON3oDx_NdI/AAAAAAAAJsk/TscGEUweOxwjV-YD5c1sCztWnhu9iQGjwCLcB/s400/529472_538277946240565_1610014241_n.jpg" width="357" /></a></div>
<b><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">WE MUST MAKE MOTHER EARTH EVEN MORE BEAUTIFUL :)</span></b><br />
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Feo5qrZaEXs/WON29f4oOQI/AAAAAAAAJsc/92E5dzJvYCwaY1_fUbhYLFOWoNTVB24RwCLcB/s1600/WP_20150923_018A.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Feo5qrZaEXs/WON29f4oOQI/AAAAAAAAJsc/92E5dzJvYCwaY1_fUbhYLFOWoNTVB24RwCLcB/s640/WP_20150923_018A.jpg" width="360" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b>AT HOME, ORUAWHARO BAY, AOTEA NZ, with</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b>Arpana's Travel-Doo :)</b></span><br />
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-R7BNOciGEcg/WONml3LEkYI/AAAAAAAAJsM/8rrUhhqp26Yjq6cWqM0tYAfNMgfSIZwDgCLcB/s1600/IMG_8956a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-R7BNOciGEcg/WONml3LEkYI/AAAAAAAAJsM/8rrUhhqp26Yjq6cWqM0tYAfNMgfSIZwDgCLcB/s640/IMG_8956a.jpg" width="419" /></a></div>
<b><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">MY LATEST PAINTING (APRIL 2017)</span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><i>"TRI-TURSIOPS ASTRO-BENTHIC DREAMING"</i></span></b></div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Tf3o3cjSfX8/WNODRI2uadI/AAAAAAAAJho/lc3ahggm9nMuAw5MPc9XUQQ4-_r3Er2XACLcB/s1600/DSC_431a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Tf3o3cjSfX8/WNODRI2uadI/AAAAAAAAJho/lc3ahggm9nMuAw5MPc9XUQQ4-_r3Er2XACLcB/s400/DSC_431a.jpg" width="325" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b>ALOHA FROM THE <a href="https://get.google.com/albumarchive/103250190528562753850/album/AF1QipMJT-mtq8w0JtuSTqxJ0X6BXmP1o9jxLCLEh-wR">BIG ISLAND OF HAWAI'I</a> 2014</b></span></div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-KvZ1ZaGsPMY/WNODgvrqazI/AAAAAAAAJhs/vQ52iKxLFcU0SmkqTKkUQPwBK987cplCACEw/s1600/DSC_1623a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="293" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-KvZ1ZaGsPMY/WNODgvrqazI/AAAAAAAAJhs/vQ52iKxLFcU0SmkqTKkUQPwBK987cplCACEw/s400/DSC_1623a.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b>WITH MY '<a href="http://renavigating-the-human-process.blogspot.com.au/2017/04/jeff-phillips-art-cetacean-rainbo.html">RAINBOW CETACEAN DREAMING</a>' SERIES,</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b>FLINDERS ISLAND TASMANIA 2013</b></span></div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-rrxtaMLXLVY/WNOD98B5icI/AAAAAAAAJhw/0tKpfXRKRjQNauGYRRaNB8wc53LY4BkNwCLcB/s1600/WP_20161005_002a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="341" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-rrxtaMLXLVY/WNOD98B5icI/AAAAAAAAJhw/0tKpfXRKRjQNauGYRRaNB8wc53LY4BkNwCLcB/s400/WP_20161005_002a.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b>WITH UNCLE ARTHUR JOHNSON, WALGURUKABA ELDER, </b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b>MAGNETIC ISLAND QLD 2016</b></span></div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-WgWR_AxvR6E/WNOESSxVWWI/AAAAAAAAJh0/IpGyGu7Mz6U6m6zY5JzDaKEY0J3XOYjKQCLcB/s1600/SELF%2BPORTRAIT%2BAS%2BA%2BGEMINI%2BDOLPHIN.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="313" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-WgWR_AxvR6E/WNOESSxVWWI/AAAAAAAAJh0/IpGyGu7Mz6U6m6zY5JzDaKEY0J3XOYjKQCLcB/s400/SELF%2BPORTRAIT%2BAS%2BA%2BGEMINI%2BDOLPHIN.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b>'SELF-PORTRAIT AS A GEMINI DOLPHIN'</b></span></div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-4enXOdTA-Uw/WNOEg4QyerI/AAAAAAAAJh8/Iy3_is5yBeAFe6mfJvy1nmYSorMhWCpOwCLcB/s1600/DSC_8493a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-4enXOdTA-Uw/WNOEg4QyerI/AAAAAAAAJh8/Iy3_is5yBeAFe6mfJvy1nmYSorMhWCpOwCLcB/s400/DSC_8493a.jpg" width="397" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b>'YUNBENUN STAR-DREAMING'</b></span></div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-SMSTZisFO2k/WNOEgxTC1RI/AAAAAAAAJh4/vAnf7v0xgh0669Y0Ae999cbhAMx8WqK8QCLcB/s1600/DSC_8529a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-SMSTZisFO2k/WNOEgxTC1RI/AAAAAAAAJh4/vAnf7v0xgh0669Y0Ae999cbhAMx8WqK8QCLcB/s400/DSC_8529a.jpg" width="395" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b>"EUTERPERE STAR DREAMING"</b></span></div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-pfc9rAC40rw/WNOEwQF4EaI/AAAAAAAAJiA/gBSN2TBZpk0cuKMPx48kLrweo_QdHRUQgCLcB/s1600/DSC_8361a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-pfc9rAC40rw/WNOEwQF4EaI/AAAAAAAAJiA/gBSN2TBZpk0cuKMPx48kLrweo_QdHRUQgCLcB/s400/DSC_8361a.jpg" width="291" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b>RICK and NELL BRALEY'S 'RAINBOW SPACE-CLAM DREAMING'</b></span></div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-bJk_0Ik2NXk/WNOEyvtiwhI/AAAAAAAAJiE/SbDozO7sHMIVGv8JCAVAebjiM55GDEUeACLcB/s1600/DSC_5731a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-bJk_0Ik2NXk/WNOEyvtiwhI/AAAAAAAAJiE/SbDozO7sHMIVGv8JCAVAebjiM55GDEUeACLcB/s400/DSC_5731a.jpg" width="395" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b>"HUNAB HIKU", LORINNA, TASMANIA, 2015</b></span><br />
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-iiiTIOyIy_0/WON4Zdu9s5I/AAAAAAAAJss/I5zlRCFoofwMG69XWeOdloFQ3h-2qdf4gCLcB/s1600/DSC_5527a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-iiiTIOyIy_0/WON4Zdu9s5I/AAAAAAAAJss/I5zlRCFoofwMG69XWeOdloFQ3h-2qdf4gCLcB/s640/DSC_5527a.jpg" width="384" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b>"HUNAB HIKU"</b></span></div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-RikQ1_pDKps/WNOE1Pz4caI/AAAAAAAAJiI/x-GsJ3CdKFcoEHD5s8dz67m7d1ehvS0swCLcB/s1600/DSC_9599a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-RikQ1_pDKps/WNOE1Pz4caI/AAAAAAAAJiI/x-GsJ3CdKFcoEHD5s8dz67m7d1ehvS0swCLcB/s400/DSC_9599a.jpg" width="293" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b>"HUNAB HIKU II"</b></span></div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-lJ_fqkajehw/WNOE47TDWiI/AAAAAAAAJiM/wbIYZD8kXrozhCqEJ-QS_8odjdJFcUaxACLcB/s1600/DSC_1123aa.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-lJ_fqkajehw/WNOE47TDWiI/AAAAAAAAJiM/wbIYZD8kXrozhCqEJ-QS_8odjdJFcUaxACLcB/s640/DSC_1123aa.jpg" width="308" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b><a href="http://renavigating-the-human-process.blogspot.com.au/2017/04/jeff-phillips-art-cambrian-dreaming.html">'RAINBOW EUCALYPTUS DREAMING'</a></b></span></div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-rLNQc-Ds6O8/WNOE6iUyXfI/AAAAAAAAJiQ/bDwGxQsrL_0x08bvbgHmW6FODsRIX-MZACLcB/s1600/DSC_9232a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="266" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-rLNQc-Ds6O8/WNOE6iUyXfI/AAAAAAAAJiQ/bDwGxQsrL_0x08bvbgHmW6FODsRIX-MZACLcB/s400/DSC_9232a.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b>"GONDWANAOTEAROA" (2006)</b></span></div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/--vWpntXLAP4/WNOFWjLCEeI/AAAAAAAAJiY/obvDPIswE2MrBRtLTLzEWxFbrQ_XbWvqwCLcB/s1600/DSC_7809MURAL.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/--vWpntXLAP4/WNOFWjLCEeI/AAAAAAAAJiY/obvDPIswE2MrBRtLTLzEWxFbrQ_XbWvqwCLcB/s400/DSC_7809MURAL.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b><a href="https://soundcloud.com/user-577460516/on-the-brink-radio-166-dirawong-gondwana-dreaming-experimental-sound-collage">"DIRAWONG GONDWANA DREAMING" </a>(2016)</b></span></div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-WaWLpyyq_qU/WNOFWZ24ayI/AAAAAAAAJiU/_WmHJKfBKigtghDxU-j5XXR3slwUFarywCLcB/s1600/DSC_9695aaa.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-WaWLpyyq_qU/WNOFWZ24ayI/AAAAAAAAJiU/_WmHJKfBKigtghDxU-j5XXR3slwUFarywCLcB/s400/DSC_9695aaa.jpg" width="397" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b>"AN EXTRA-TERRESTRIAL PERSPECTIVE" (2015)</b></span><br />
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-_ezqNbFsSkc/WOOJsSyy8kI/AAAAAAAAJt0/zdbzNookX1kcpqf6x6CbQ9XnJiAFSjnHQCLcB/s1600/0%2BDSC_9661a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="370" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-_ezqNbFsSkc/WOOJsSyy8kI/AAAAAAAAJt0/zdbzNookX1kcpqf6x6CbQ9XnJiAFSjnHQCLcB/s400/0%2BDSC_9661a.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b>RAINBOW CETACEAN DREAMING CHAIR</b></span><br />
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-QSWTuz9jgkE/WOOJsu-wOzI/AAAAAAAAJt4/ebgj_MViwT0vDx0WVAUOKubO-up-W5-cgCLcB/s1600/DSC_9588a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="161" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-QSWTuz9jgkE/WOOJsu-wOzI/AAAAAAAAJt4/ebgj_MViwT0vDx0WVAUOKubO-up-W5-cgCLcB/s400/DSC_9588a.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b>SPACE DOLPHIN with COMET FAMILY</b></span></div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-FskFOlYSIPA/WNOFWs_Y-AI/AAAAAAAAJic/pnvCeXAsWdMhtIz0YJTBWyTbQG6dDJqgQCLcB/s1600/WP_20160430_011.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="223" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-FskFOlYSIPA/WNOFWs_Y-AI/AAAAAAAAJic/pnvCeXAsWdMhtIz0YJTBWyTbQG6dDJqgQCLcB/s400/WP_20160430_011.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b><a href="http://renavigating-the-human-process.blogspot.com.au/2012/05/art-for-consciousness-transformation.html">"S'AHA DJED" MURAL (2003)</a></b></span></div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-vYz2VZyb9b8/WNOFrgMEiiI/AAAAAAAAJig/l9qxdAYPcKEq_y44s7Z0gUpfRTKUSd-ugCLcB/s1600/DSC_5129a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="287" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-vYz2VZyb9b8/WNOFrgMEiiI/AAAAAAAAJig/l9qxdAYPcKEq_y44s7Z0gUpfRTKUSd-ugCLcB/s400/DSC_5129a.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b><a href="http://chak-roks.blogspot.com.au/">HAND-PAINTED CHAK-ROKS</a></b></span></div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-1qaNG_mFM0Q/WNOFv0Vi4NI/AAAAAAAAJik/l7F_gra5bd43P_6lyWgofd7lXpmcc8kfwCLcB/s1600/DSC_9869aa.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-1qaNG_mFM0Q/WNOFv0Vi4NI/AAAAAAAAJik/l7F_gra5bd43P_6lyWgofd7lXpmcc8kfwCLcB/s400/DSC_9869aa.jpg" width="371" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b><i>TE AHUMATA</i> CRYSTALLINE ENERGY MANDALA</b></span></div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-KcSL2MJqgLI/WNOFyIOGjeI/AAAAAAAAJio/clB2qhG3HuQv__JjhW4mIDfjtU7KLVeiACLcB/s1600/DSC_1579a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="266" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-KcSL2MJqgLI/WNOFyIOGjeI/AAAAAAAAJio/clB2qhG3HuQv__JjhW4mIDfjtU7KLVeiACLcB/s400/DSC_1579a.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jEJqRLUYZEw">UNCLE BOB RANDALL</a>'S FIRST NATIONS RAINBOW SERPENT</b></span></div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-mf7N0h95tT8/WNOF3DfvTDI/AAAAAAAAJiw/GX9N_rG-alQqMa7jQCeP0wwDDDnSdfSfgCLcB/s1600/DSC_9569a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="260" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-mf7N0h95tT8/WNOF3DfvTDI/AAAAAAAAJiw/GX9N_rG-alQqMa7jQCeP0wwDDDnSdfSfgCLcB/s400/DSC_9569a.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b>GIFT FOR OKIWI SCHOOL, AOTEA NZ</b></span></div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-gy3CM_KHbaw/WNOF3GqMjDI/AAAAAAAAJis/u33snahOcOE51uXkvRLhqKni1Iun-WetwCLcB/s1600/DSC_9570a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="242" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-gy3CM_KHbaw/WNOF3GqMjDI/AAAAAAAAJis/u33snahOcOE51uXkvRLhqKni1Iun-WetwCLcB/s400/DSC_9570a.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b>"A SACRED PLACE OF GUIDANCE FROM WHALES AND DOLPHINS"</b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b>(Maori translated by Kiwi Dewes)</b></span></div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-T7CuLgFXaTU/WNOF5NHUCjI/AAAAAAAAJi0/eRiJtVL-yOE59dRohqj0FiaZrvpNwHZuQCLcB/s1600/VR_mullum-kernigke.set.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-T7CuLgFXaTU/WNOF5NHUCjI/AAAAAAAAJi0/eRiJtVL-yOE59dRohqj0FiaZrvpNwHZuQCLcB/s400/VR_mullum-kernigke.set.jpg" width="336" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b><i>MULLUM-KERINGKE GLYPHS</i> SET...GIFT FOR KATHLEEN WALLANCE</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b>and <a href="http://keringkearts.com.au/artworks/">KERINGKE ARTISTS</a>, SANTA THERESA, NT</b></span></div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Csms_WGYSXI/WNOF8VqSJtI/AAAAAAAAJi4/sa8_c7Q1kuE63u9ZeTJlNJzlKO4vIHj6wCLcB/s1600/WP_20160531_002a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="251" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Csms_WGYSXI/WNOF8VqSJtI/AAAAAAAAJi4/sa8_c7Q1kuE63u9ZeTJlNJzlKO4vIHj6wCLcB/s400/WP_20160531_002a.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-w7MATzY5X9Q/WNOF8wQIw3I/AAAAAAAAJjA/zHPGLTGDGDs867GhWnMpavJZ8eYF7RdCgCLcB/s1600/WP_20160608_006.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="223" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-w7MATzY5X9Q/WNOF8wQIw3I/AAAAAAAAJjA/zHPGLTGDGDs867GhWnMpavJZ8eYF7RdCgCLcB/s400/WP_20160608_006.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-4ssXmSOU2Ew/WNOF8sxCtzI/AAAAAAAAJi8/qWwSC8UyyscmPPNbQDQfScGiT4KVZcuuwCLcB/s1600/WP_20160724_003a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="343" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-4ssXmSOU2Ew/WNOF8sxCtzI/AAAAAAAAJi8/qWwSC8UyyscmPPNbQDQfScGiT4KVZcuuwCLcB/s400/WP_20160724_003a.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b><i>GRANDMOTHER DIRAWONG</i> </b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b>(BUNDJALUNG GOANNA ANCESTOR)</b></span></div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-bWppLYhvEZ8/WNOF9G2NAtI/AAAAAAAAJjE/czpy7G0QUnsUODq6lcnHOvmwmqhYF-g0wCLcB/s1600/WP_20160923_001a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="223" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-bWppLYhvEZ8/WNOF9G2NAtI/AAAAAAAAJjE/czpy7G0QUnsUODq6lcnHOvmwmqhYF-g0wCLcB/s400/WP_20160923_001a.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b>MY FIRST KOALA ROCKS</b></span></div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-9WvjL4aB7iE/WNOF922dYNI/AAAAAAAAJjI/UQUfzJTcgUMI_p5V6kefNz4Hy-j43SLhwCLcB/s1600/WP_20161102_009.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-9WvjL4aB7iE/WNOF922dYNI/AAAAAAAAJjI/UQUfzJTcgUMI_p5V6kefNz4Hy-j43SLhwCLcB/s640/WP_20161102_009.jpg" width="355" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b>MY FIRST KAKA ROCK</b></span></div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-SjOZCq5XZs0/WNOGXorJG8I/AAAAAAAAJjM/YIWw9C_I8jAtzdb-G5rP2KWJLgHQDhjBwCLcB/s1600/DSC_5800a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="193" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-SjOZCq5XZs0/WNOGXorJG8I/AAAAAAAAJjM/YIWw9C_I8jAtzdb-G5rP2KWJLgHQDhjBwCLcB/s400/DSC_5800a.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b>RAINBOW STAR-HAWK and PAIKEANIWANIWA</b></span></div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-F3eQGyUohTA/WNOGauYomHI/AAAAAAAAJjQ/eLGJhzknavYUs-X805oFiaK7obaXXM_mwCLcB/s1600/DSC_6273a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="332" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-F3eQGyUohTA/WNOGauYomHI/AAAAAAAAJjQ/eLGJhzknavYUs-X805oFiaK7obaXXM_mwCLcB/s400/DSC_6273a.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b>RAINBOW HAWK and THYLACINE with DOLPHIN</b></span></div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-CeC3muUb__w/WNOGag6jNgI/AAAAAAAAJjY/G06xRYzH2Wc7kcMC1TdaCXsMRkelPj3aACLcB/s1600/DSC_6322a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="232" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-CeC3muUb__w/WNOGag6jNgI/AAAAAAAAJjY/G06xRYzH2Wc7kcMC1TdaCXsMRkelPj3aACLcB/s400/DSC_6322a.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">RAINBOW STAR-DOLPHIN FAMILY</span></b></div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-vW_42azIY30/WNOGasMomDI/AAAAAAAAJjU/lzBrQsp_N-ERiAmWAHTqLWuN0-PETwPQwCLcB/s1600/DSC_7793a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="266" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-vW_42azIY30/WNOGasMomDI/AAAAAAAAJjU/lzBrQsp_N-ERiAmWAHTqLWuN0-PETwPQwCLcB/s400/DSC_7793a.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">EIN STEIN DU JOUR?</span></b></div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-DePbljR8P60/WNOGbgwWNoI/AAAAAAAAJjc/swIV0pQDqxAF5KDzGdd3FLOZ3Fwp67RjQCLcB/s1600/DSC_7873a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="266" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-DePbljR8P60/WNOGbgwWNoI/AAAAAAAAJjc/swIV0pQDqxAF5KDzGdd3FLOZ3Fwp67RjQCLcB/s400/DSC_7873a.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b>MY FIRST HONEY-BEE ROCK </b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b>(traded for some honey)</b></span></div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-WmHrDqm9B2M/WNOGzqvMK2I/AAAAAAAAJjg/5-XqjaU669YLOXJV3vyenex1nNaMZJWGACLcB/s1600/DSC_4439a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-WmHrDqm9B2M/WNOGzqvMK2I/AAAAAAAAJjg/5-XqjaU669YLOXJV3vyenex1nNaMZJWGACLcB/s400/DSC_4439a.jpg" width="265" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b>ART TABLE, ORUAWHARO BAY, AOTEA NZ (2015)</b></span></div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-CTEY6C3JIs4/WNOG10C97LI/AAAAAAAAJjk/7pcYB4dZOVYxxJ12aESR5QUzTdJcU2yZACLcB/s1600/DSC_5260a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="265" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-CTEY6C3JIs4/WNOG10C97LI/AAAAAAAAJjk/7pcYB4dZOVYxxJ12aESR5QUzTdJcU2yZACLcB/s400/DSC_5260a.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">RAINBOW DRAGON-FLIES with LIESBET'S SPHERE</span></b></div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-_K_9qrcRQJE/WNOG3nDsgVI/AAAAAAAAJjo/DFBuho5YuDc0oogv7kKMHvGF3ikAztbyACLcB/s1600/DSC_4247a%2BLIESBET.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-_K_9qrcRQJE/WNOG3nDsgVI/AAAAAAAAJjo/DFBuho5YuDc0oogv7kKMHvGF3ikAztbyACLcB/s640/DSC_4247a%2BLIESBET.jpg" width="425" /></a></div>
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</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b><a href="http://renavigating-the-human-process.blogspot.com.au/2012/10/the-creative-wonder-of-liesbet.html">LIESBET</a> WITH HER PAINTED FLOTATION SPHERE</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b><a href="https://get.google.com/albumarchive/103250190528562753850/album/AF1QipPF0EM_EJFvVC3xJGbt2FmyLt1ibQFEwzbWliBP">FLINDERS ISLAND TASMANIA </a>(2014)</b></span></div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-KOMBwsuC2i4/WNOHD36gJdI/AAAAAAAAJjs/1Qf6CbLq8pYg_XpELwcq65o-NWhpM6SKwCLcB/s1600/DSC_4250a%2BLIESBET%2527S.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="267" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-KOMBwsuC2i4/WNOHD36gJdI/AAAAAAAAJjs/1Qf6CbLq8pYg_XpELwcq65o-NWhpM6SKwCLcB/s400/DSC_4250a%2BLIESBET%2527S.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b>LIESBET'S ROCKS 2014</b></span></div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ySyAbWshvyo/WNOHUEdxJLI/AAAAAAAAJjw/Z3BJRhCzS9IiLpRYtdbztCaHruZRT_5KgCLcB/s1600/IMG_0297a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ySyAbWshvyo/WNOHUEdxJLI/AAAAAAAAJjw/Z3BJRhCzS9IiLpRYtdbztCaHruZRT_5KgCLcB/s400/IMG_0297a.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b>"I'LL HAVE MY AGENT DRAW UP A LICENSING AGREEMENT..."</b></span></div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-AOzJmGQfpoE/WNOHW3V0H9I/AAAAAAAAJj0/faLAeAnNIUckG46eY4006rj1r3r2iLV-QCLcB/s1600/WP_20150701_014a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="225" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-AOzJmGQfpoE/WNOHW3V0H9I/AAAAAAAAJj0/faLAeAnNIUckG46eY4006rj1r3r2iLV-QCLcB/s400/WP_20150701_014a.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b><a href="https://soundcloud.com/user-236254347/anglo-australian-telescope-central-core-flute-improvisation">THE ROCKIST WITH FLUTE</a>, TEA GARDENS NSW (2015)</b></span></div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-1MrDk9p0GgQ/WNOHYTFeTbI/AAAAAAAAJj4/TGSbDkRTIsMaxoa7QH1mV9g7LL0IubHswCLcB/s1600/DSC_8742a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="380" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-1MrDk9p0GgQ/WNOHYTFeTbI/AAAAAAAAJj4/TGSbDkRTIsMaxoa7QH1mV9g7LL0IubHswCLcB/s400/DSC_8742a.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b>AT BARRY BRAILSFORD'S STANDING STONE, CASTLE HILL NZ</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b>(GRANDMOTHER MAROTINI and FAMILY IN DISTANCE)</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>WELCOME TO MY NEW ART AND ENHANCED WEB ART PRESENCE :)</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Many thanks to ALL MY FRIENDS AND FAMILY who make me possible, and special thanks to <a href="http://dolphinmatrix.com/"><b>Douglas 'dolphinus' Webster</b></a> for almost a decade of awesome web-sitology assistance, and BERRY special thanks to <b>Liesbet Verstraeten,</b> my lovely former partner of five years.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Above are latest additions to my main site, and below are links to new categories of my various styles, all of which are current. More new stuff coming all the time :)</span></div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ea-dwZeWuPg/WOOAVhNbbRI/AAAAAAAAJs8/ZJLYnPzbSSwgyjxCtyfqAUnTjbwgBwtQQCLcB/s1600/TONGARIRO%2B00018a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="232" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ea-dwZeWuPg/WOOAVhNbbRI/AAAAAAAAJs8/ZJLYnPzbSSwgyjxCtyfqAUnTjbwgBwtQQCLcB/s320/TONGARIRO%2B00018a.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b>MY MAIN SITE</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b><a href="http://dolphinmatrix.com/Jeff">http://dolphinmatrix.com/Jeff</a></b></span></div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-9pZwIZSjOEY/WOOAmlM8ssI/AAAAAAAAJtA/5GUAqkACcJcwFEwkvLOBKQxiY0yNNdGzgCLcB/s1600/DSC_1531a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><b><img border="0" height="319" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-9pZwIZSjOEY/WOOAmlM8ssI/AAAAAAAAJtA/5GUAqkACcJcwFEwkvLOBKQxiY0yNNdGzgCLcB/s320/DSC_1531a.jpg" width="320" /></b></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b>"RAINBOW CETACEAN DREAMING" SERIES</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b><a href="http://renavigating-the-human-process.blogspot.com.au/2017/04/jeff-phillips-art-cetacean-rainbo.html">http://renavigating-the-human-process.blogspot.com.au/2017/04/jeff-phillips-art-cetacean-rainbo.html</a></b></span></div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/--Qksj0kcXso/WOOAyZdmqhI/AAAAAAAAJtE/3XHKY2pR3ZcBa4Y6eR0sAMzIy7Y2Mw4KgCLcB/s1600/VP_tc.cambrian.dream1.starmaker.whole.a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><b><img border="0" height="244" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/--Qksj0kcXso/WOOAyZdmqhI/AAAAAAAAJtE/3XHKY2pR3ZcBa4Y6eR0sAMzIy7Y2Mw4KgCLcB/s320/VP_tc.cambrian.dream1.starmaker.whole.a.jpg" width="320" /></b></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b>"CAMBRIAN DREAMING" SERIES</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b><a href="http://renavigating-the-human-process.blogspot.com.au/2017/04/jeff-phillips-art-cambrian-dreaming.html">http://renavigating-the-human-process.blogspot.com.au/2017/04/jeff-phillips-art-cambrian-dreaming.html</a></b></span></div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-fTbEPEGBzhU/WOOA9Q1Bs3I/AAAAAAAAJtI/jCHxDczCUJY193nHs5w8EZS_NLL-tzRrwCLcB/s1600/vp_kandinsky.mural.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><b><img border="0" height="132" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-fTbEPEGBzhU/WOOA9Q1Bs3I/AAAAAAAAJtI/jCHxDczCUJY193nHs5w8EZS_NLL-tzRrwCLcB/s400/vp_kandinsky.mural.jpg" width="400" /></b></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b>MURALS (2002-2016)</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b><a href="http://renavigating-the-human-process.blogspot.com.au/2017/04/jeff-phillips-art-murals-2002-2016.html">http://renavigating-the-human-process.blogspot.com.au/2017/04/jeff-phillips-art-murals-2002-2016.html</a></b></span></div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-NlnXjtJqVNM/WOOBKSYrVtI/AAAAAAAAJtM/UvI85_1r7AM8FCS-y0gtd9uXLuXAHTzGACLcB/s1600/DSC_8956a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><b><img border="0" height="320" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-NlnXjtJqVNM/WOOBKSYrVtI/AAAAAAAAJtM/UvI85_1r7AM8FCS-y0gtd9uXLuXAHTzGACLcB/s320/DSC_8956a.jpg" width="316" /></b></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b>IMAGINARY LANDSCAPES</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b><a href="http://renavigating-the-human-process.blogspot.com.au/2017/04/jeff-phillips-art-magical-landscapes.html">http://renavigating-the-human-process.blogspot.com.au/2017/04/jeff-phillips-art-magical-landscapes.html</a></b></span></div>
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<b style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-LHmqEAYe1co/WOOBV6CW64I/AAAAAAAAJtQ/i7fRM34Sb3E8tYLGG3Cxg-E3SBi4jNOmwCLcB/s1600/VP_MAGELLANIC%2BDREAMING%2Blow-res.a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-LHmqEAYe1co/WOOBV6CW64I/AAAAAAAAJtQ/i7fRM34Sb3E8tYLGG3Cxg-E3SBi4jNOmwCLcB/s320/VP_MAGELLANIC%2BDREAMING%2Blow-res.a.jpg" width="318" /></a></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b>STAR PAINTINGS</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b><a href="http://renavigating-the-human-process.blogspot.com.au/2017/04/jeff-phillips-art-star-paintings.html">http://renavigating-the-human-process.blogspot.com.au/2017/04/jeff-phillips-art-star-paintings.html</a></b></span></div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-YO8t7FfFBlk/WOOBidtvi4I/AAAAAAAAJtU/eyVlzPuSCyMG6Kky68pu6EUmxePc1nmrACLcB/s1600/DSC_9196a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><b><img border="0" height="320" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-YO8t7FfFBlk/WOOBidtvi4I/AAAAAAAAJtU/eyVlzPuSCyMG6Kky68pu6EUmxePc1nmrACLcB/s320/DSC_9196a.jpg" width="314" /></b></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b>MANDALAS</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b><a href="http://renavigating-the-human-process.blogspot.com.au/2017/04/jeff-phillips-art-mandalas.html">http://renavigating-the-human-process.blogspot.com.au/2017/04/jeff-phillips-art-mandalas.html</a></b></span></div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-_RrQUnpNr6c/WOOBsMe8DaI/AAAAAAAAJtY/05WayxHwwykv_9n79S6o0pgg7qne0hU_ACLcB/s1600/VM_boom.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><b><img border="0" height="203" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-_RrQUnpNr6c/WOOBsMe8DaI/AAAAAAAAJtY/05WayxHwwykv_9n79S6o0pgg7qne0hU_ACLcB/s320/VM_boom.jpg" width="320" /></b></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b>OBJETS D'ART</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b><a href="http://renavigating-the-human-process.blogspot.com.au/2017/04/jeff-phillips-art-objets-dart.html">http://renavigating-the-human-process.blogspot.com.au/2017/04/jeff-phillips-art-objets-dart.html</a></b></span></div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-A16xoGqOcg0/WOOB3Tt_NrI/AAAAAAAAJtc/q0-patqgstw_qurXnrYzZ_Ic2ZPtjAgYACLcB/s1600/VP_weffiops.bio-electric.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><b><img border="0" height="193" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-A16xoGqOcg0/WOOB3Tt_NrI/AAAAAAAAJtc/q0-patqgstw_qurXnrYzZ_Ic2ZPtjAgYACLcB/s320/VP_weffiops.bio-electric.jpg" width="320" /></b></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b>CETACEAN-RELATED ART</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b><i>"FRIENDSHIP FOR NO ADVANTAGE"</i></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b><a href="http://renavigating-the-human-process.blogspot.com.au/2017/04/jeff-phillips-liesbet-verstraeten.html">http://renavigating-the-human-process.blogspot.com.au/2017/04/jeff-phillips-liesbet-verstraeten.html</a></b></span></div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-dcPs_bK4tes/WOOCB-qmg6I/AAAAAAAAJtg/40hUoSiAjAMcdI1oSKVnBYll95gr6r5IwCLcB/s1600/CHAK-ROK%2BIMAGE.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><b><img border="0" height="320" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-dcPs_bK4tes/WOOCB-qmg6I/AAAAAAAAJtg/40hUoSiAjAMcdI1oSKVnBYll95gr6r5IwCLcB/s320/CHAK-ROK%2BIMAGE.jpg" width="316" /></b></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b>HAND-PAINTED CHAK-ROKS</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b><a href="http://chak-roks.blogspot.com.au/">http://chak-roks.blogspot.com.au/</a></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>"LIVE SIMPLY SO THAT OTHERS MAY SIMPLY LIVE"</b></span></div>
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Jeff Weffersonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16055962946869392042noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-30418363.post-15399381413992050172016-10-19T01:21:00.002-07:002016-11-03T15:49:37.668-07:00DOLPHINS WARN OF 'DAY OF PURIFICATION' VIA 'BURNDILLA TRANSMISSION' = PLANETARY CATACLYSM FROM COMETARY IMPACT<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; font-family: verdana, geneva, tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 19.2px; line-height: 24.96px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; min-height: 1em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
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<span class="font-size-3" style="background-color: black; border: 0px; color: white; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.2; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">"It has been suggested that the contents of the initial message received will contain instructions for avoiding our own self-destruction, a possibly common fate of societies shortly after they reach the technical phase." Carl Sagan</span></div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-qnp9lGxBH9Q/WBu83xE0iCI/AAAAAAAAJWA/iAPyhXZgvZYsA6EpuJbKSP8X73Z1BicqgCLcB/s1600/WP_20151212_012A.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-qnp9lGxBH9Q/WBu83xE0iCI/AAAAAAAAJWA/iAPyhXZgvZYsA6EpuJbKSP8X73Z1BicqgCLcB/s320/WP_20151212_012A.jpg" width="259" /></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.2;">ABOVE: my original sketch made at moment of 'transmission'</span></div>
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<em style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; font-size: 19.2px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="font-size-3" style="background-color: black; border: 0px; color: white; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.2; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">NOTE FROM JEFF:</strong> The Graham Hancock article below was sent to me by Stella Wheildon shortly before she terminated communication with me, apparently because I was asking her what she knew about...get this...COMETS!?</span></em></div>
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<span class="font-size-3" style="background-color: black; border: 0px; color: white; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.2; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Hancock makes some excellent points, but is still locked into the 'ancient humans as over-lords' belief which I do not buy into. Himself a Freemason, he worships 'civilization' ('living in cities' and founded on 'digging precious things from the land' = war on Mother Earth) as the only mode of long-term existence on this planet, to the exclusion of the vastly more advanced 'internally technological' spiritual cultures of indigenous people of land, and in particular of the sea.</span></div>
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<span class="font-size-3" style="background-color: black; border: 0px; color: white; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.2; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">That cetaceans are a <strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://tutunui-wananga.blogspot.co.nz/2012/08/we-are-not-aloneyet-how-we-are-waging.html" rel="nofollow" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">'true extra-terrestrial intelligence'</a> </strong>is acknowledged by anyone who knows them and/or me. That they possess and/or have access to vast reservoirs of knowledge and wisdom is similarly acknowledged by indigenous people the world over, primarily in the 'whale-dreaming countries' of southern and eastern Australia (the Mirning, Ngawarakwal, Bundjalung, Darkinjung and Gumaroi, for example).</span></div>
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<span class="font-size-3" style="background-color: black; border: 0px; color: white; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.2; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">TRAILER TO MY 'BEYOND FILM'</span></div>
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<span class="font-size-3" style="background-color: black; border: 0px; color: white; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.2; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">'AIHE TOHORA PAIKEA WANANGA'<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eNFoL24pK3c&feature=youtu.be">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eNFoL24pK3c&feature=youtu.be</a></span></div>
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<span class="font-size-3" style="background-color: black; border: 0px; color: white; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.2; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">What I am touching on now is the topic for another show and another in-depth article, but I am certain that cetaceans as a whole possess not only a vast reservoir of knowledge and wisdom pertaining to right living on Mother Earth, but also high-resolution and comprehensive memories, possibly in the form of holographic mind-maps, in addition to internal technologies unknown to us enabling them to detect and perceive real-time and future processes and events in the domains of what we think of as astronomy and astrophysics.</span></div>
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<span class="font-size-3" style="background-color: black; border: 0px; color: white; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.2; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">In other words, they are acutely aware of and attuned to what is happening in spatio-temporal proximity to the current helio-cosm; they have a sort of 'inter-planetary/inter-stellar cosmic weather channel'.</span></div>
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<span class="font-size-3" style="background-color: black; border: 0px; color: white; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.2; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Cetaceans are also well-known not only for being highly telepathic but also for their ability to transmit images or pictures. Drs. John C. Lilly and Carl Sagan, both of whom I knew/met, talked and wrote about this form of information transfer.</span></div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-OQbcVbTjEig/WBu9IX7llfI/AAAAAAAAJWE/5pFEs44Z82sE6WSZ9Q8ehDDvVK6E1g04QCLcB/s1600/LILLY%2B2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-OQbcVbTjEig/WBu9IX7llfI/AAAAAAAAJWE/5pFEs44Z82sE6WSZ9Q8ehDDvVK6E1g04QCLcB/s1600/LILLY%2B2.jpg" /></a></div>
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<span class="font-size-3" style="background-color: black; border: 0px; color: white; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.2; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">JOHN LILLY</span></div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-xhjOOuafphQ/WBu9UL8zNtI/AAAAAAAAJWI/NsHU8lTemUM9U0hTQOg5kC2eofkSsWKqQCLcB/s1600/carl_sagan.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="265" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-xhjOOuafphQ/WBu9UL8zNtI/AAAAAAAAJWI/NsHU8lTemUM9U0hTQOg5kC2eofkSsWKqQCLcB/s320/carl_sagan.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span class="font-size-3" style="background-color: black; border: 0px; color: white; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.2; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">CARL SAGAN</span></div>
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<span class="font-size-3" style="background-color: black; border: 0px; color: white; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.2; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">This is precisely what happened with me in early November: a pod of dolphins with whom I'd been spending time gave me an image of a head-on view of a comet.</span></div>
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<span class="font-size-3" style="background-color: black; border: 0px; color: white; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.2; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">"It has been suggested that the contents of the initial message received will contain instructions for avoiding our own self-destruction, a possibly common fate of societies shortly after they reach the technical phase." Carl Sagan</span></div>
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<span class="font-size-3" style="background-color: black; border: 0px; color: white; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.2; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">"LIVE SIMPLY SO THAT OTHERS MAY SIMPLY LIVE."</span></div>
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<span class="font-size-3" style="background-color: black; border: 0px; color: white; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.2; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">TO SUM UP: we have been warned and offered guidance for a very long time, but as a whole we have not only refused to re-navigate the human process away from destructiveness, we have put the 'pedal to the metal' on the accelerator of the HSMV (Homo Sapiens Macro-Virus) juggernaut.</span></div>
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<span class="font-size-3" style="background-color: black; border: 0px; color: white; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.2; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">You be the judge, but I feel that our window of renavigation has long past and that a cosmically-orchestrated 'day of purification' scenario will very soon be upon us.</span></div>
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<span class="font-size-3" style="background-color: black; border: 0px; color: white; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.2; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">HAVE A NICE DAY!!! :)</span></div>
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<span class="font-size-3" style="background-color: black; border: 0px; color: white; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.2; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">ORIGINAL POSTING FROM 12 DECEMBER</span></div>
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<span class="font-size-3" style="background-color: black; border: 0px; color: white; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.2; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">In this my second show since my bicycle accident on 11 November, I share and reflect on a 'transmission' I received in the window of time just before my accident, a time during which I was in close psychic communication with a pod of dolphins. The 'transmission' took the form of an instantaneous flash of a picture and idea simultaneously: that of a front or head-on view of an approaching comet. The intensity and vividness of this 'transmission' really hit me quite hard, as if it were intended to really get my attention, and maybe the attention of humanity as a whole!</span></div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Cu0YQHi3HwQ/WBu-0GqFHLI/AAAAAAAAJWY/Cj3uB1N3dyYPD8iYTUpJSKBbuzJFs6kNACLcB/s1600/COMET.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="218" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Cu0YQHi3HwQ/WBu-0GqFHLI/AAAAAAAAJWY/Cj3uB1N3dyYPD8iYTUpJSKBbuzJFs6kNACLcB/s320/COMET.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span class="font-size-3" style="background-color: black; border: 0px; color: white; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.2; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">'Burndilla' is the Mirning (indigenous whale-dreaming people from South Australia) word for 'comet' or 'meteor' shared with me by Bunna Lawrie. This whole thing is all the more interesting because it was on this very same beach that my former partner Liesbet Verstraeten and I encountered some dolphins in 2009. This very close encounter left us both feeling exhilarated but we also both felt that the dolphins had conveyed or transmitted to us a very deep and profound sense of urgency, or perhaps a warning, about a major planetary-level catastrophe or cataclysm that was coming soon but not even on the radar of humanity. When Fukushima happened a few months later we wondered if that was what the warning was about, but the further we go, the more certain I am that this warning concerns something many orders of magnitude greater, that has not yet happened but is not far off.</span></div>
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<span class="font-size-3" style="background-color: black; border: 0px; color: white; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.2; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">I could speculate at length on the implications of all this; suffice it to say for the time being that it's highly likely that the ancestors of both modern-day humans and modern-day cetaceans did in fact see a frontal or head-on view of a comet. The difference is that the cetaceans remember it and know about it, whereas OUR ancestors were so thoroughly traumatized psychically that they and WE have totally obliterated any memories of this catastrophe. This is one of Dr. Immanuel Velikovsky's central ideas.</span></div>
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<span class="font-size-3" style="background-color: black; border: 0px; color: white; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.2; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">I urge you to reflect on what it would mean if we were able to look into the sky and see a large glowing disc growing larger and brighter hour by hour, visible by night and day. Have you heard the expression 'E.L.E.'?</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;"><a href="http://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2012/09/20/3594552.htm">http://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2012/09/20/3594552.htm</a></span></div>
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<span class="font-size-3" style="background-color: black; border: 0px; color: white; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.2; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">My own feeling is that this may indeed be the scenario by means of which the 'Day of Purification' as foretold in the Hopi prophecy, will be fulfilled, to cleanse and heal Mother Earth of 'koyaanisqatsi', or 'life out of balance'. The 'people of one heart', a tiny group of spiritually pure beings beings who have not deviated from the true path of the Great Spirit, are prophesied to survive to be the 'seeds' of the new creation. Only the Great Spirit knows how many, if any, human beings might qualify as true 'people of one heart'. I feel that EVERY whale and dolphin qualifies, as well as every individual of every species of life.</span></div>
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<span class="font-size-3" style="background-color: black; border: 0px; color: white; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.2; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">We have been warned for many decades but absolutely refuse to renavigate our merciless destructiveness against all of life and Mother Earth herself. As far as I can reckon, our time as 'planetary over-lords' is over and our thoroughly parasitic and technogeneously metastasizing military-industrial civilization is long-overdue to be taken out by vast cosmic healing forces far beyond not only our control but our imagination.</span></div>
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<span class="font-size-3" style="background-color: black; border: 0px; color: white; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.2; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Unfortunately, the forces of cosmic purification are totally indiscriminate with respect to what lives may be lost or saved; millions or even billions of totally innocent beings may die and/or face immanent extinction because of OUR failure to live correctly. This destruction, according to the Hopi, is the price exacted from all life as we know her on Mother Earth for our, that is, human, chronic and sustained mis-use of our divine creativity, our deviations from and violation of the true path of the Great Spirit.</span></div>
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<span class="font-size-3" style="background-color: black; border: 0px; color: white; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.2; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">In 1986 I met Hopi elder Thomas Banyacya in Flagstaff, Arizona. He made it clear that in no way could we avoid or avert the 'day of purification' but at that time we still had a chance to 'lessen its severity.' That was almost 30 years ago. Looking at the sum total of human behaviour since then, my guess is that we are doing our best to manifest a purification of unprecedented intensity.</span></div>
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<a href="https://soundcloud.com/jeff-dolphin-comet/on-the-brink-radio-133-burndilla-transmission">https://soundcloud.com/jeff-dolphin-comet/on-the-brink-radio-133-burndilla-transmission</a></div>
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<span class="font-size-3" style="background-color: black; border: 0px; color: white; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.2; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">From "Is a comet about to destroy Earth? Best-selling author GRAHAM HANCOCK argues that a cosmic explosion will soon strike Earth – triggering epic floods?"</span></div>
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<span class="font-size-3" style="background-color: black; border: 0px; color: white; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.2; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">"Around the world, from Alaska to Indonesia, more than 200 ancient myths tell of a human civilization brought to an end by flood and fire...</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: verdana, geneva, tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.2;">Compelling scientific evidence, which began to emerge only in 2007, indicates that these stories, such as the tale of Noah and his Ark, are based on hard fact.</span></div>
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<span class="font-size-3" style="background-color: black; border: 0px; color: white; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.2; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">A cataclysm rocked our planet 12,800 years ago, causing mass extinctions of large animals such as the mammoth and sloth bears, and all but wiping out our own race. An entire episode in the human story was rubbed out, a chapter not of unsophisticated hunter-gatherers but of advanced technology.</span></div>
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<span class="font-size-3" style="background-color: black; border: 0px; color: white; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.2; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">All the signs are that remnants of this civilisation struggled on, sustained by a few individuals who knew the secrets of the former age. To their primitive contemporaries, it appeared that they possessed magical, holy powers — they were what I call the Magicians of the Gods.</span></div>
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<span class="font-size-3" style="background-color: black; border: 0px; color: white; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.2; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">These Magicians left a message for us — not a metaphorical, spiritual message, but a direct and urgent warning. What happened before can happen again; what destroyed their world can destroy ours.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: verdana, geneva, tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.2;">Those warnings have gone unheeded for millennia. Now, we have the scientific evidence to decode them, but it is almost too late.</span></div>
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<span class="font-size-3" style="background-color: black; border: 0px; color: white; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.2; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Within the next 20 years, Earth faces a catastrophe a thousand times worse than the detonation of every nuclear weapon on the planet — a collision with the remnants of a comet big enough to end all life as we know it.</span></div>
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<span class="font-size-3" style="background-color: black; border: 0px; color: white; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.2; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">To understand what that could mean, we need to look back at the tumultuous epoch between 10,800 BC and 9,600 BC, which geologists call the ‘Younger Dryas’.</span></div>
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<span class="font-size-3" style="background-color: black; border: 0px; color: white; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.2; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">This was a time of extraordinary shifts in the world’s climate. But the most devastating change of all came when the ice caps suddenly collapsed, dumping all the water they contained into the oceans and unleashing a tsunami that swept across continents.</span></div>
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<span class="font-size-3" style="background-color: black; border: 0px; color: white; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.2; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">As we’ll see, all the evidence suggests this was the result of a comet crashing into Earth.</span></div>
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<span class="font-size-3" style="background-color: black; border: 0px; color: white; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.2; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Many Native American tribes describe the devastation in tales passed down through the generations.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: verdana, geneva, tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.2;">The Brulé people of the Lakota nation in modern-day South Dakota have a vivid legend of a ‘fiery blast [that] shook the entire world, toppling mountain ranges and setting forests and prairies ablaze . . . Even the rocks glowed red-hot, and the giant animals and evil people burned up where they stood’.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: verdana, geneva, tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.2;">After the fiery destruction came the floods: ‘The rivers overflowed their banks and surged across the landscape. Finally, the Creator stamped the Earth, and with a great quake the Earth split open, sending torrents . . . across the entire world until only a few mountain peaks stood above the flood.’</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: verdana, geneva, tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.2;">This is not an isolated myth. The Cowichan of British Columbia, the Pima of Arizona, the Inuit of Alaska and the Luiseno of California have similar stories. But it is the Ojibwa, people of the Canadian grasslands whose legend seems the most credible, almost scientific, today.</span></div>
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<span class="font-size-3" style="background-color: black; border: 0px; color: white; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.2; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Their storytellers remember a comet called Long-Tailed Heavenly Climbing Star which swept low through the skies, scorching the Earth and leaving behind ‘a different world. After that, survival was hard work. The weather was colder than before.’ And the Ojibwa believed this was just a foretaste of an apocalypse to come.</span></div>
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<span class="font-size-3" style="background-color: black; border: 0px; color: white; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.2; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">They spoke of a stark prophecy, foretold by their medicine men: ‘The star with the long, wide tail is going to destroy the world someday when it comes low again.’</span></div>
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<span class="font-size-3" style="background-color: black; border: 0px; color: white; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.2; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">It was not until the 20th century that scientists even began to consider the possibility that ancient American myths might be based on real events...</span></div>
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<span class="font-size-3" style="background-color: black; border: 0px; color: white; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.2; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The explosive power of the Younger Dryas comet was in the order of ten million megatons, two million times greater than the biggest nuclear bomb detonated and 1,000 times more powerful than all the atomic devices stockpiled on Earth.</span></div>
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<span class="font-size-3" style="background-color: black; border: 0px; color: white; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.2; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">As long ago as 1990, well before the discovery of physical evidence that proved the Younger Dryas Ice Age was caused by comet fragments colliding with the Earth, two far-sighted British scientists were sounding the alarm. Astrophysicist Victor Clube and astronomer Bill Napier believe that a giant unseen comet is now careening towards us through space. It is concealed within a cloud of cosmic debris, known to astronomers as the Taurid meteor stream.</span></div>
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<span class="font-size-3" style="background-color: black; border: 0px; color: white; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.2; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">This poses a double danger: we could be hit by any one of the millions of space rocks in the stream, or by much larger pieces of the unseen comet itself, if and when it explodes.</span></div>
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<span class="font-size-3" style="background-color: black; border: 0px; color: white; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.2; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">And it could explode at any moment. It is nothing less than an interplanetary hand grenade.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: verdana, geneva, tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.2;">Sealed within its thick shell is a seething mass of pitch-like tar, which will gradually build up pressure until, like an overheated boiler with no release valve, the comet will detonate and shatter into fragments, a mile wide or more, tearing through the solar system at tens of thousands of miles an hour.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: verdana, geneva, tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.2;">We cannot guess exactly when that explosion will occur.</span></div>
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<span class="font-size-3" style="background-color: black; border: 0px; color: white; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.2; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">It could happen as we re-enter the meteor stream, or shortly before, strewing our planet’s path with hurtling boulders.</span></div>
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<span class="font-size-3" style="background-color: black; border: 0px; color: white; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.2; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">All we can know for certain is that, in around 15 years, the Earth will once again cross the Taurid meteor stream, that vast highway of cosmic debris, right at the place where the biggest and most numerous fragments that currently exist are collected.</span></div>
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<span class="font-size-3" style="background-color: black; border: 0px; color: white; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.2; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Some of them are three times the size of the asteroid that hit the planet 65 million years ago, setting off a global firestorm and bringing about the extinction of the dinosaurs. This is when the risk of a collision is most severe. This is when the prophecy of the Ojibwa people is set to come true: ‘The star with the long wide tail is going to destroy the world someday when it comes low again.’</span></div>
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<span class="font-size-3" style="background-color: black; border: 0px; color: white; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.2; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">MY OTB INTERVIEW WITH STELLA WHEILDON</span></div>
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<a href="https://soundcloud.com/jeff-mirrabooka/on-the-brink-radio-123-auntie-stella-wheildon-origine-dreaming"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">https://soundcloud.com/jeff-mirrabooka/on-the-brink-radio-123-auntie-stella-wheildon-origine-dreaming</span></a></div>
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Jeff Weffersonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16055962946869392042noreply@blogger.com0